1、1五、推理判断 观点态度题(2018浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford woul
2、d build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forw
3、ard at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every
4、 pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back， as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global 2ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has
5、 grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas LFriedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep Ame
6、rican strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会” ，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化” ，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等
7、。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo explain Americans love for travelling by car.BTo show the influence of cars on American culture.CTo stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.DTo praise the effectiveness of Americas roa
8、d system.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选 B项。29What has the use of cars in America led to?ADecline of economy.BEnvironmental problems
9、.CA shortage of oil supply.DA farm-based society.答案 B3解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选 B项。30What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?AAmbiguous. BDoubtful.CHopeful. DTolerant
10、.答案 C解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选 C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的
11、措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2
12、)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。4(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive 积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive 支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable 合理的；enthusiastic 热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；
13、negative 否定的，消极的；disapproval 不赞成；impractical 不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced 有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第 30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选 C项。ACarrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and it
14、s affairs.She also has a 1reputation as a generous colleague.She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job.She has resigned because she refused to go on colluding(共
15、谋) with the BBCs dishonesty about its failure to give women and men equal pay for equal work.Gracie was recruited to the job，because she had all the talent and skills the BBC needed to 10cover the difficult international and domestic story of the rise of China.One of the conditions she set for takin
16、g it was equal pay with the BBCs other international editors，familiar names including Jon Sopel in Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East.5Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.The results exposed an astonishing p
17、ay gap.They also showed Gracie that her employers had misled her.Gracie sets out all her efforts to get her bosses to do what they had 8originally promised her，but they fail to respond adequately.Instead，they prevaricate(搪塞) and offer her a pay rise that still would not have delivered equality.They
18、thought they could buy her off.They thought that the reputational hazard she was running would scare her away from the fight.The BBC is wrong this time! Gracie has chosen to design rather than give in because she thinks that it is her responsibility to stop the BBC doing something stupid.She is figh
19、ting for womens legal rights.Gracie said she hoped she wouldnt be remembered as the woman who complained about money，but as a great journalist.She is proving that they are two sides of the same invaluable coin.Carrie Gracies 9dispute with the BBC isnt about moneyits about dignity!语篇解读 文章讲述了原 BBC编辑嘉莉
20、格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。1What do you know about Carrie Gracie?AShe is very strict with her office colleagues.BShe has a good command of Chinas affairs.CShe was working together with Jon Sopel.DShe has a reputation of covering sports news.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about C
21、hina and its affairs.”可知，嘉莉格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选 B。2What does Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC?AEqual pay for equal work.6BBetter pay for more work.CApology for misconducts.DResponse to her complaint.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBCs other in
22、ternational editors.”可知，她要求同工同酬。故选 A。3We can infer from the passage that the BBC .Adidnt promise Gracie equal pay with her male colleaguesBdismissed Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher payCwas forced to pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal workDkept the pay of its familiar names secret be
23、fore last summer答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over 150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天 BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前 BBC一直对此保密。故选D。4What is the authors attitude towards the BBC?APositive. B 2Vague.C 3Critical. DCautious.答案 C解析 观点态
24、度题。通过文章中作者对 BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对 BBC是持批评态度的。故选 C。BA new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋 ) may bring stress for young people and can lead to 4dep
25、ression.The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.7The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic rel
26、ationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They wont tell that to their parents.Dr Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% you
27、ng people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into 5romance too early.During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage
28、 their kids to keep close to their friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depressioneating or mood changesand if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help.The good news is that the connection betw
29、een romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only 6maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.语篇解读 一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。5Whats the main idea of the passage?ARomance is a two-edged sword for adults.
30、BParents should forbid their childrens love.CRomance is good for young people.DPuppy love may bring young people depression.答案 D解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可8能导致青少年抑郁。故选 D。6Which of the following is more likely to
31、 have depression?ACareless parents whose children are deep in love.BYoung people who have a strong sense of selfishness.CYoung girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.DYoung boys whose parents watch for their behavior.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选 C。7What can be
32、 inferred from the passage?AThe older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.BLacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.CEarly love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.DParents should help their children to be aware of signs of depress
33、ion.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选 A。8Whats the authors at
34、titude towards puppy love?AConfused. BDisapproving.C 7Neutral. DScared.答案 B解析 观点态度题。根据第一段前两句中的“.it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”和第三段第二、三句“Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into roman
35、ce too early.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选 B。9.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1The man from a mountain village is honest， which has earned him a good reputation nearby.名声，名誉2Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing，which made us confused.模糊的3He was a music critic.What I disco
36、vered was his critical writings.批判性的4He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure to pass the examination.抑郁5Love is when you take away the feeling，the passion，and the romance in a relationship and find out that you still care for that person.浪漫6As an adult，you should show some matu
37、rity and be considerate of other gym members.成熟7Power is not really good or bad；it is neutral.中立的(二)同义词语替换8Originally，we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didnt go in the end.At first/In the beginning9I didnt agree with the amount of money he gave me，so we had a dispute about how much money he o
38、wed me.an argument(三)一词多义10cover vt.包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走(一段路程)；足以支付；覆盖； n.封面，封皮；盖子(1)His finger went up to touch the black patch which covered his left eye.覆盖(2)It would not be easy to cover ten miles on that amount of petrol.行走(一段路程)(3)Send it to the address given with 2.50 to cover postage and administr
39、ation.10足以支付(4)I had just returned from covering the Cambodian war.采访，报导(5)The leather cover of the new dictionary was embellished with gold letters.封面，封皮.长难句理解1She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do
40、 a similarly challenging and important job.句式分析 本句话主干部分为主谓宾结构，because 引导的是原因状语从句；as they pay the.为 as引导的方式状语从句；who do a similarly.为 who引导的定语从句。精美译文 她辞去了中国区编辑的职务，因为她的雇主没有付给她同那些和她做相似挑战性和重要性工作的男性同等的薪酬。2A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although lo
41、ve can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.句式分析 本句话主干是主谓宾结构，可以简化为 A new study shows that.。that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people是宾语从句，里面含有 although引导的让步状语从句。精美译文 在健康和社会行为杂志中，一项对 8 000名年轻人的研究表明恋爱虽然能使成年人健康快
42、乐地生活，但是对青少年是有害的。专题强化练(二十).单项填空1 entirely with the flagship smartphone and directed by Peter Chan(陈可辛)，the 7-minute video follows a train attendant on a six-day train journey from Nanning to Harbin.AShot BPicturedCScreened DVideoed答案 A11解析 句意为：完全使用智能手机拍摄，陈可辛执导的这部七分钟的短片追踪了一名从南宁到哈尔滨的火车上的一位列车员，该趟列车行程六天。
43、shoot 拍摄；picture 画，想象；screen放映；video 录制。根据句意，故选 A。2When you walk into any department store in Wuxi，chances are that you will see signs with a single digit number and the Chinese character “zhe” prominently displayed next to products that are on .Adiscount BbargainCsale Dreduction答案 C解析 句意为：当你走进无锡的任何
44、一家百货公司时，在正促销的商品旁边你都会看到贴着醒目的促销牌子，上边会有数字和一个中国汉字“折” 。discount 打折；bargain 交易，便宜货；sale 销售；reduction 减少。on sale 廉价出售。根据句意，故选 C。3What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles(涂鸦)？If your flower，for example，has a large circular center， expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.Awh
45、ich BasCthis Dsuch答案 C解析 句意为：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if 引导条件状语从句，因此“ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句，无须连词，which 和 as是连词，故 A、B 不正确；this 指代上文提到的事情；such 表示“诸如此类的人或事” 。根据语境，故选 C。4Once the massive rocket by SpaceX sprinted off(腾空而起) at about 345 p
46、m.，everything seemed to as planned，from the activation of David Bowies (大卫鲍威) music as soundtrack to the pinpoint return of two reusable booster rockets.Atake off Bgo offCset off Dpull off答案 B12解析 句意为：(美国)太空技术探索公司(SpaceX)的巨大火箭在下午 345 时腾空而起，从作为配乐的大卫鲍威的音乐的激活到两个可重复使用的助推火箭的精确返回，一切似乎都在按计划进行。take off起飞；go
47、 off进行；set off引爆；pull off脱去。根据语境，故选 B。5Players of the Japanese game “Travel Frog” take care of the frogs and often come to feel a pet owner，expressing pride in being the “mother” of diligent and disciplined children or worrying about the growth of their children.Alittle more than Bmore thanCno more
48、than Dnot more than答案 B解析 句意为：日本的一款游戏“旅行青蛙”的玩家照顾青蛙，经常感觉自己不仅仅是一个宠物主人，也是勤奋的、有纪律的孩子的母亲，或者是担心孩子成长的母亲，并为此感到自豪。little more than仅仅是；more than不仅仅；no more than仅仅，只是；not more than不超过。根据语境，故选 B。6Introverts(性格内向的人)，according to Susan Cain，tend to enjoy being alone，doing quieter things or being with just one fri
49、end at a time.She says that is they get their energy.Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere答案 C解析 句意为：性格内向的人，根据苏珊凯恩所说，常常喜欢自己待着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why 为什么；when的时候；how 如何，引导表语从句，表示方式；where的地方。根据语境，故选 C。7Today we focus on is called recurrent obesity(复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity(溜溜球式肥胖)， is the phenomenon we gain weight and then go on a successful diet，but within 12 months we go back to our or
