(遵义专版)2019中考数学高分一轮复习第一部分教材同步复习第七章图形与变换课时27图形的相似(含位似)真题在线.doc

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1、1第一部分 第七章 课时 27命题点一 相似三角形的判定与性质1(2018遵义)如图,四边形 ABCD中, AD BC, ABC90, AB5, BC10,连接 AC, BD,以 BD为直径的圆交 AC于点 E.若 DE3,则 AD的长为( D )A5 B4 C3 D25 5【解析】如答图,过点 D作 DF AC于点 F,答图 AFD CBA在 Rt ABC中, AB5, BC10, AC5 ,5 AD BC, DAF ACB, ADF CAB, , ,DFAB ADAC DF5 AD55设 DF x, 则 AD x, 5在 Rt ABD中, BD .AB2 AD2 25 5x2 DEF DB

2、A, DFE DAB90, DEF DBA, , DEBD DFAD , x2, AD x2 .325 5x2 x5x 5 52.(2018遵义)如图, AB是半圆 O的直径, C是 AB延长线上的点, AC的垂直平分线交半圆于点 D,交 AC于点 E,连接 DA, DC已知半圆 O的半径为 3, BC2.(1)求 AD的长(2)点 P是线段 AC上一动点,连接 DP,作 DPF DAC, PF交线段 CD于点 F.当DPF为等腰三角形时,求 AP的长解:(1)如答图 1,连接 OD OA OB3, BC2,2 AC8. DE是 AC的垂直平分线, AE AC4, OE AE OA1.12在

3、Rt ODE中, DE 2 ,OD2 OE2 2在 Rt ADE中, AD 2 .AE2 DE2 6答图(2)当 DP DF时,如答图 2,点 P与点 A重合,点 F与点 C重合,则 AP0;当 DP PF时,如答图 3,则 CDP PFD DE是 AC的垂直平分线, DPF DAC, DPF C PDF CDP, DFP DPC, CDP CPD, CP CD, AP AC CP AC CD AC AD82 ;6答图当 PF DF时,如答图 4,则 FDP FPD DPF DAC C, DAC PDC, .PCCD CDAC , AP5.8 AP26 268当 DPF是等腰三角形时, AP的

4、长为 0或 5或 82 . 6命题点二 相似三角形的应用3(2014遵义)“今有邑,东西七里,南北九里,各开中门,出东门一十五里有木,问:出南门几何步而见木?”这段话摘自九章算术 ,意思是说:如图,矩形 ABCD,东边城墙 AB长 9里,南边城墙 AD长 7里,东门点 E,南门点 F分别是 AB, AD的中点,EG AB, FH AD, EG15 里, HG经过 A点,则 FH1.05 里3【解析】 EG AB, FH AD, HG经过 A点, FA EG, EA FH, HFA AEG90, FHA EAG, GEA AFH, .EGFA EAFH AB9 里, DA7 里, EG15 里, FA3.5 里, EA4.5 里, ,解得 FH1.05 里153.5 4.5FH

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