1、1阅读理解+七选五.阅读理解ACakanisasuccessfulbusinessmanfromMontenegro，whohasearnedhimselfnicknames(昵称) like“thebestboss”and“Brother”bybeingsurprisinglygeneroustohisemployees.Cakan，whoowns“CakanSports” ，thelargestsportinggoodsstorechaininMontenegro，hasbeenmakingnewsheadlinesforyears，butnotforhisprofessionalsucc
2、ess.Heisbestknownforthegenerosityheshowstohisfaithfulandhardworkingemployees.Thebusinessmanfirmlybelievesthathiscompanycanboomonlyifhekeepshisemployeeshappy，andtothatend，hehasofferedthebestofthemsomeprettyunbelievablepresents.Cakanfirstsurprisedhisworkersbackin2012，whenheofferedfourofthembrandnewcar
3、s2VWGolf6and2VWpolocompletewithpaidinsurance.TheyweresomeoftheoldestandmosthardworkingemployeesofCakanSports，andsincethecompanyhadrecentlymoveditsoperationsoutsidethecity，Cakanthoughthisbestpeopleshouldnthavetostruggletogettowork.“Whenwesawthem，wewerespeechless， ”Danijela，oneofthereceivers，remembers
4、Whilethebosswassayingthisisagiftforyou，allIcouldthinkofwasthisisnotreal，thiscantbehappeningtous ”ButthiswasjustoneofthegenerouswaysCakanhasrewardedhisemployeesovertheyears.In2014，afterhearingthatoneofhisworkershadbeensavinguphispaycheckssohecouldbuyatickettotheWorldCupsoccerfinal，inBrazil，hetookhi
5、mtherehimself，athisownexpense.Askedwhyhedoesntuseacheapermeansofmotivatinghisemployees，likeasmallraiseoracashbonus，Cakanhadthistosay， “Moneycomesandgoes，butmemoriesareforever.”Askedwhymanyofhisemployeescallhim“Brother”，Cakantoldareporterthatitwasbecause“brothersalwayshelpeachother”1WhatisCakanbestno
6、tedfor?AHisfrequentheadlinenewsforyears.BHisgreatsuccessinhisbusiness.CHisextremegenerositytohisemployees.DHislargestsportinggoodsstorechain.2WhydidCakanofferhisfourbestworkersnewcars?ATomakethemtraveltoworkeasily.2BTorewardtheircreativeideasinwork.CToencouragethemtogettoworkearlier.DTohelpthemreduc
7、etrafficexpenses.3Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?AASmartBusinessmanBAConsiderateEmployerCHardworkingEmployeesDUnbelievablePresentsBWhatdoyouusuallydowhenyouhavesomefreetime？Doyoutakepartinanyformofhobby？Ifyouranswerisno，thenyoushouldthinktwice.Cultivatingsometypesofinterestorhobbiesm
8、ightbetheidealwaytodevelopyourbrainandimproveyourcreativethinking.Hereisacommonproblemthatmanyolderpeoplehave.Theyhavespentsuchagreatdealoftimeraisingtheirfamilythatoncetheirchildrenaregrownandlefthome，theyallofasuddenstarttoexperiencetheirage.Quiteoften，itisnottheiragethatistheconcern.Itisthefactth
9、attheyareunexpectedlyofferedmoretimeontheirhands.Whenyouputintoomuchtimenotdoinganything，thiscanaffectyourbrain.Thisisjustwheretheexpression“Ifyoudontuseit，youloseit”definitelyisthetruth.Yourmindneedsworkingoutmuchlikeanyothermusclesinyourbody.Thisiswhygettingahobbymatters.Itoffersyousomethingtodoan
10、disaperfectwaytomeetnewpeople.Enjoyingahobbyisalsoaperfectwaytoimprovecreativethinkingatanyage.Evenyoungchildrencanprofitfromtakinganewhobby.Forretiredpeople，enjoyingahobbywhichtheycanfindentertainmentinwiththeirgrandchildrenwillhelpkeepthemactiveandfeelyoungatheart.Severalhobbiesthatareterrificforb
11、othyourmindandyourbodyincludeyoga，biking，swimmingandgolf.Ifyouarentfondofsports，eventakingawalkregularlyisawonderfulwaytokeepactive.Ithelpsyoutoappreciatefreshsceneryandithasbeensuggestedthatthecolorsgreenandbluehelpmakeyoumorecreative.Asyoucanseeabove，youcangetprettymuchfromtakingahobby.Withsomanyc
12、hoiceswaitingforyou，beginyourjourneyrightaway!4WhatcanbeimpliedaboutmanyolderpeoplefromParagraph2?ATheylackcreativethinking.3BTheyshoulddeveloptheirbrain.CTheyconcernabouttheirage.DTheyusedtohavelittlefreetime.5Whydoesgettingahobbymatteraccordingtothetext?AItstrengthensonesbrain.BIthelpsbuilduponesm
13、uscles.CItenablesonetomakefriends.DItimprovesoneslivingconditions.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terrific”inParagraph5probablymean?ASpecific. BDisgusting.CWonderful. DFundamental.7Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ATryingDifferentHobbiesBSpendingYourFreeTimeCExperiencingYourHobbyNowDFeeling
14、YoungatHeartCCouldthedevice，smartphoneorPC，whichyouareusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit？Totestit，researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车) problem”：Arunawa
15、ytrolleyisheadedtowards，fivepeopleweretieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing，resultinginthedeathoffivepeople，orpushamanoffthebridge，whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives，which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose，comparedwith22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourst
16、udyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems，theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional，reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma， ”DrAlbertBarqueDuran，theleadauthorofthestudy，toldCity，UniversityofLondon.“Thiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartpho
17、nesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy，DrBarqueDurannoted， “Duetothefactthatoursociallives，workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline，itisimportanttothinkabouth4owthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareask
18、edtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged，andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”Itsclearthatweneedmoreresearchesonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewereusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.8Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?ATointroduceadifficul
19、tproblemtoreaders.BTointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.CToshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.DToshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?ACalmly. BCruelly.CHesitantly. DEnthusiastically.10DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs，s
20、martphones.AhelppeoplebearmorepressureBhelppeoplemakedecisionsquickCmakepeoplefeelmorementallydistantDmakepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11Whatcanweinferfromthetext?AShoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisions.BThepeopleusingsmartphonesaremorethanthoseusingPCs.CPeoplewhooftenusesmartphoneso
21、rPCsalwaysmeetwithdilemmas.DItiscommonforpeopletobeinvolvedinmakingmoraldecisionsindailylife.七选五(2018湖南郴州第二次质检)TeenageBrainsintheDigitalWorldWhenitcomestotechnology，adultswontbeabletokeepupwiththeirchildren.Ittooktheradio38yearstoreach50millionpeople，butittookonly20yearsforthephonetoreachthesamenumb
22、er，and13yearsforthetelevision.Incontrast，ittookFacebook3.6years.12.Overthe15years，digitalcommunicationhasbroughtinmorechangesthantheprintingpressdidin1570.Andthosemostlikelytousetheminthisworldareteenagers，whosebrainsappeartohaveanextraordinarycapacitytoadapttotheworldaroundthem.13，enablingteenagers
23、tokeepupwiththeincreasingpaceofdigitaltechnologyandgivingthemanadvantagewhenitcomestomultitasking(多重任务处理)5IntheUS，onaverageteenagersspend8.5hoursadayusingcomputers，mobiles，andotherdevicestolearn，interactandplay.14，suchastalkingonthephonewhileyourewatchingTV.Astheystareatthesescreens，theyretakinginan
24、dsortingthroughanincredibleamountofinformation.15.YouTubeindicatesthatteenagersallovertheworldarewatchingthesameclipsandlaughingatthesamejoke，indicatingthattheyaremoreglobalmindedthanteenagersinthepast.Theymaybekeenontextingtheirfriendsandpostingupdatesonsocialmediasites.16.Bytheageof30，ourbrainswil
25、lbecomemoresetintheirways，makingitharderforustoadaptandcopewiththenewtechnology.AHowever，thereisacutoffBTwitteronlyneeded88daysCThereareconcernsabouthowtomakefriendsonlineDThereisanadvantageofthegrowingdigitaltrendEHavingamoreflexiblebrainmeanscertainpartsofithaventdevelopedyetFThismeansthattheteena
26、gebrainscanadapttonewtechnologyGThisincreasesto11.5hoursifyouincludeallthemultitaskingthatgoeson6答案解析.语 篇 解 读 本 文 作 者 向 人 们 介 绍 了 一 位 慷 慨 、 体 贴 的 老 板 察 坎 。1C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，察坎以对员工非常的慷慨而著名。故答案为 C。2A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Cakan thought his best people shouldnt have to struggle to get to work”可知，察坎为他最优秀的员工提供
27、汽车是为了让他们轻松地去上班。由此可知答案为 A。3B 标题归纳题。根据第一段及下文内容可知，本文叙述的是一位慷慨、体贴的老板察坎。故“A Considerate Employer(一位体贴的老板)”作本文标题最佳。语篇解读 文章介绍了业余爱好对老年人的好处：锻炼脑力、强身健体。作者呼吁人们马上行动起来。4D 推理判断题。由第二段中的“They have spent such a great deal of time raising their family.Quite often，it is not their age that is the concern.It is the fact t
28、hat they are unexpectedly offered more time on their hands.”可知，很多老年人年轻时把时间主要用来养家糊口，年老之后，他们担心的不是变老，而是他们有了过多的可以自由支配的时间。由此推知，他们原来很少有自由时间。故 D选项正确。5A 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Your mind needs working out much like any other muscles in your body.This is why getting a hobby matters.”可知，就像你身体的其他部位一样，你的大脑需要锻炼。这就是业余爱好重要的原
29、因。可知，业余爱好可以锻炼大7脑、增强脑力。故 A选项正确。6C 词义猜测题。第三段和第四段主要介绍了业余爱好可以锻炼脑力，同时对身体有好处。结合选项，该画线单词意思应为 C选项：极好的。7C 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了业余爱好对老年人的好处。最后一段是总结段。最后一段提到我们可以从业余爱好中受益。你可以有很多选择，马上开始吧。故 C项适合做该文标题。语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。你所使用的手机或电脑设备能否影响你的道德决策？为此，研究者对 1,010位参与者做了研究。8C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One case of the questions participants were a
30、sked is the classic trolley(有轨电车) problem”可推断出，作者提到有轨电车问题，只是展示了研究中问题的一个例子。故选 C。9A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems，they were more likely to make more unemotional，reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional d
31、ilemma”可知，面对情感困境，手机使用者能够更冷静地处理。故选 A。10C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This could be due to the increased time pressure often present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”可知，与电脑相比，手机更使人感到精神上的疏远。故选 C。11D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Due to the fact
32、 that our social lives，work and even shopping take place online，it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed，and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices dai
33、ly.”可知，在日常生活中，人们参与道德决策是很普遍的。.语篇解读 提及技术，成年人将无法跟上他们的孩子。本文论述的是数字世界里的青少年大脑。812B 根据上文“but it took only 20 years for the phone to reach the same number，and 13 years for the television.In contrast，it took Facebook 3.6 years.”由此可知，B 项(Twitter only needed 88 days.推特只需要 88天。)与之匹配。13F 根据上句：他们的大脑似乎有非凡的能力去适应周围的世
34、界。以及下文的“enabling teenagers to keep up with the increasing pace of digital technology”可知，此处说的是青少年的大脑可以适应新技术。故答案为 F。14G 根据上句：在美国，青少年平均每天花 8.5小时在电脑、手机和其他设备上学习、互动和玩耍。G 项指出，如果你把所有的多任务处理都包括在内，这就增加到 11.5小时，承接上句。15D 根据下文：视频网站表示，全世界的青少年都在观看同样的片段，并因为同一个笑话而哈哈大笑，这表明他们比过去的青少年更具有全球意识。可知，数字趋势的增长是有优势的。故选 D。16A 根据下句：到 30岁时，我们的大脑将会变得僵化，让我们更难适应和应对新技术。可知此空的意思是：适应新技术也不是无限制的，有一个截止。此空位于句首，和上文内容是一个转折关系。故选 A。9
