1、1科普知识与现代技术基础巩固.单句语法填空1TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesoci
2、alprogress.5In18thcentury，the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous.7Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(a
3、bsolute) goodandrightforus.9Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include) robots.10Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots.单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)11Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acomputer
4、networkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeopleal
5、socriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeo
6、plewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlifethecomputernetwork.2话题词汇1advantage n优势2artificial adj.人造的，人工的3negative effect 负面影响4breakthrough n突破5surf the Internet 上网6explore v探索7convenience n方便8with the development of.随着的发展9change one
7、s life 改变某人的生活10drawback n缺点，不利条件能力提升.阅读理解A(2018辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabi
8、litytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournal RoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcer
9、tainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percentthesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithshee
10、pwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”3Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbein
11、gs，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntingtonsdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)
12、 abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21Accordingtothenewresearch，whatsunusualaboutsheep?ATheyhavelargebrains.BTheycanrecognizetheirowners.CTheycantellanimalsfromhumans.DTheycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?ABygiving
13、foodrewards.BByshowingphotosoffamouspeople.CByguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.DByshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ASheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.BThenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.CThesheepsfacerecognitiona
14、bilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.DThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?AAWonderfulScientistBTheLifeofSheepCANewDiscoveryAboutSheepDHowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressur
15、etoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandth4eydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsr
16、anoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledb
17、yacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterforth
18、eenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsarentperfect; theystillrunonfossil
19、fuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner， “greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricm
20、otors?ATheymovedveryfast.BTheywereunpopular.CTheirengineswereoftenreplaced.DTheirengineswereexpensive.26Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?AItkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.BItdirectsthecartoclimbhills.CItdecideswheretopowerthecar.DItcontrolshowthecarusespower.27WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinPar
21、agraph5?ACarssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.BElectricmotorandpetrolengine.CHybridcarandhydrogencar.DAluminumandcarbonfiber.528Whatsthebesttitleforthetext?ACarsEngines BCarPollutionCGreenCars DCarsAdvantages.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI
22、d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.Imaboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？Imtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑 步机) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagai
23、n，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwont36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(
24、n) 39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadm
25、ill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29A.cooked BorderedCdesigned Dintroduced30A.battle BcompetitionCperformance Dp
26、ractice31A.burn BcontainClose Dconsume32A.Surprisingly BHappilyCUnfortunately DHopefully33A.comingoff Bpassingaway6Ctakingoff Dturningaway34A.equip BconnectCpresent Dreward35A.agree BpretendCimagine Ddecide36A.hurt BcountCchange Dsolve37A.always BsometimesCseldom Dnever38A.hardly BinstantlyCregularl
27、y Dslightly39A.urge BattractionCdifference Dpain40A.plan BhabitCgame Dhobby41A.original BcommonCinspiring Dtight42A.awake BcalmChealthy Dstrong43A.goal BmemoryCreality Dtrend44A.unbelievable BchangeableCunderstandable Denjoyable45A.Therefore BHoweverCBesides DOtherwise46A.lack BsaveCshow Dthrow47A.o
28、nce BbeforeCunless Dthough48A.choice BfaultCcause Dexcuse7答案解析.1.toknow 2.to 3.hasbrought 4.directly 5.invention6convenience 7.with 8.absolutely 9.including 10.using.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem attractiveandeasierto moreselltothepublic.12Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareres
29、ourcesincluding andinformation.equipmentsequipment13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthat usalot.botherbothers14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconveniefullfullynceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocr
30、iticizeit thesobecausereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanage moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.whichwhen18Thenewtechnology，if toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.applyingapplied19Hethoughtth
31、atthekeyto peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.feedfeeding20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern inourlifeinventioninventionsthecomputernetwork.8语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 一 项 新 的 研 究 成 果 ： 绵 羊 能 够 从 照 片 中 识 别 人 脸 。21D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photograph
32、s”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选 D。22A 细节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选 A。23B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可
33、以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选 B。24C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选 C。语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 一 种 由 电 脑 操 控 引 擎 、 经 济 环 保 的 混 合 动 力 汽 车 。25B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didnt sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric
34、 cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。故选 B。26D 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选 D。27A 代词指代题。根据第五
35、段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以 Both of them指的是这两者，故选 A。28C 标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。C 项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点，适合作为本文标题。.语篇解读 作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼
36、，最终减肥失败。929B cook 烹饪；order 点菜，命令；design 设计；introduce 介绍。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物” 。30A battle 战斗；competition 竞争；performance 表演；practice 练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争” 。故A项正确。31D burn 燃烧；contain 包含；lose 失去；consume 吃，喝，饮。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故 D项正确。32C surpris
37、ingly 令人惊讶地；happily 高兴地；unfortunately 不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是” 。故 C项正确。33A come off 从掉下；pass away 去世；take off 起飞；turn away 拒绝进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。故 A项正确。34D equip 装备，使具有；connect 连接；present 颁发，呈现；reward 奖赏。作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。故 D项正确。35D agree 同意；pretend
38、 假装；imagine 想象；decide 决定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。故 D项正确。36A hurt 危害，伤害；count 数数；change 改变；solve 解决。作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥，这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口。故 A项正确。37B always 一直，总是；sometimes 有时候；seldom 很少；never 从不。由下一句“Once I put together two full weeks of eating properly.”可知，作者有
39、时候减肥计划实施得很好。故 B项正确。38C hardly 几乎不；instantly 立即；regularly 有规律地，定期地；slightly 稍微地。由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者的减肥计划曾经实施得很好。由此可知，作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并经常锻炼。故 C项正确。39C urge 迫切的要求；attraction 吸引力；difference 不同；pain 痛苦。由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者弯腰系鞋带容易多了，说明
40、作者开始感觉到不同了。故 C项正确。40B plan 计划；habit 习惯；game 游戏；hobby 业余爱好。由该段最后一句中的“the 10habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知，此处指正当合理饮食和经常锻炼即将成为一个习惯时。故 B项正确。41D original 最初的；common 常见的；inspiring 鼓舞人心的；tight 紧的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很紧。故 D项正确。42A awake 醒着的；calm 冷静的；healthy 健康的；strong 强壮的。作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持清醒状态。故
41、 A项正确。43B goal 目标；memory 记忆；reality 现实；trend 趋势。熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和锻炼，所以合理的饮食和锻炼成为了一个“记忆” 。故 B项正确。44C unbelievable 难以置信的；changeable 易变的；understandable 可理解的；enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲惫了以至于不能坚持锻炼，这虽然不幸但是可以理解。故 C项正确。45C therefore 因此；however 但是；besides 此外；otherwise 否则。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能坚持锻炼。该句提到作者有大量工作要做。这都是作者放弃的原因，它们之间是并列关系，故 C项正确。46B lack 缺乏；save 储存，节省；show 展示；throw 扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能储存的所有能量。故 B项正确。47A once 一旦；before 以前；unless 除非；though 但是。一旦间断锻炼，以后就很容易经常间断。故 A项正确。48D choice 选择；fault 缺点，过失；cause 起因；excuse 借口。作者认为我们总是能够找到理由不去做应该做的事。每一个理由都是为自己开脱的借口。故 D项正确。11
