1、1第二讲阅读七选五快捷解题技法一序一忌看四点上一讲我们学习了“二步解题法” ，掌握了解答阅读七选五的关键是理清文章结构和句间逻辑。在考场上，我们不但要拼解题的准度，还要拼解题的速度，所以本讲我们给考生介绍一种快捷的解题技法一序一忌看四点。一序：先看七、再读文，快捷准确有针对关于做题顺序，是先读文段，还是先看七个选项，大多数人倾向于先读文段。但是，笔者还是建议先看七个选项，再读短文。先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个位置：段首、段中、段尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征，有时有的选项本身表述就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。一忌：“选一个、划一个” ，这个方法不足取解答阅
2、读七选五题目最大的风险就是容易出现连环错！假如做题时，我们选一个，划掉一个，美其名曰：逐步缩小包围圈。方法虽妙，但倘若前面我们错选了一处，那么就会导致多处错选。因此我们做题时要特别忌讳“选出一个划掉一个” ，以避免造成一错再错，产生连环错误，特别是那些句子结构相同、句意相近的选项更是需要我们三思而定。看四点：体裁、指代、连贯词，重复信息有价值1看文段体裁，用好鲜明特征从近年高考所选材料来看，其体裁基本是说明文和记叙文。说明文的特征是主题鲜明、层次清晰，语篇特征非常明晰。记叙文则以故事发展脉络为主线，为了有趣，常常会出现一些比较特别的记叙手法，因而会增加理解的难度。2看代词指代，寻根还需溯源英语
3、是一门非常讲究简洁的语言，所以在篇章中代词的运用很多，用于指代上文已经提到过的人、物或者整个事件。追根溯源，找到指代与被替代关系，会大大加快我们解题的速度。例 (2018全国卷)“I adore dancing， ” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful._37_ Its great
4、 to watch them. For many of them, its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”D.My older students say it makes them feel young.分析 D 项中的 them 指代 my older students，空后的两个 them 也指代 my older students。3看上下连贯，捕捉文段脉络上下连贯是好的篇章的特点，常常靠“起承转合”来实现。 “起”就是开端，或提出主2题或吸引读者关注主题；“承”就是承接上文加以申述；“转”就是转折，指出问题或困难；“
5、合”则是给出解决问题的方法或建议。这些特征在说明文和议论文中尤为明显。例 (2018全国卷)If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. _36_ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.G.If you are planning t
6、o do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析 本空前文说在繁忙的生活中，我们很难找到时间锻炼，后文说晨练的好处，故中间的衔接句应该表示“假设有时间锻炼”之类的含义，因此 G 项符合语境。4看重复信息，把握内在联系篇章是相对完整的一个语义体，自然而然会有很多割裂不开的内在联系。这些联系常常靠同义词、近义词、反义词或者借助词性的变化来重复体现，而这些重复信息的存在，又为我们提供了良好的解题契机。例 (2017全国卷) Interruptions are one of the worst things to dea
7、l with while youre trying to get work done._36_， there are several ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work分析 本题上文有关键词“Interruptions”和“get work done”，和选项 B 中的“avoid interruptions”和 “at work”属于同词复现，再结合下文“there are several ways to handle things”
8、，便可迅速判定本题答案为 B。以上介绍了阅读七选五快捷解题技法，下面结合实例看一下“一序一忌看四点”在解题中的具体应用。(2017全国卷)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock._36_ Heres how to make one._37_ In order to make a change, you ne
9、ed to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings.Now that you know w
10、hy you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and 3bags._38_Thats a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your s
11、leep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found._39_Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and wr
12、ite down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record._40_ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.AGet a sleep specialist.BFind the right motivation.CA better plan for sleep can help.DAnd consider setting a second alarm.EIf the steps you take
13、are working, keep it up.FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.方法运用“一序”：读选项：七个选项的排列从最短句到最长句，呈梯形排列；最短的A、B、C、D 四项涵盖性强，具有主旨句的特点，故可优先考虑放到段首位置。读文章：本文是一篇说明文，主要提出了关于睡眠以及如何调整生物钟的几个建议。“一忌”：本文的难点在于选项中同一句式(祈使句)比较多，总共有
14、六个，对于这类相同句式的出现，切忌“选一个、划掉一个” ，这样极易造成“连环错” 。“看四点”：答案解析过程。36选 C 前句说要调节生物钟，后句则提出要制定一个计划其中的代词 one 就是指代 C 选项中的 plan。37选 B 本句所处位置在句首，根据说明文的特征，段首句一般多为主题句。结合本段中下文的问题，可知此处是说找到正确的动机。38选 G 选项中的“the 15 minutes”是下句中的“a quarterhour”的“重复信息” 。39选 F 本句所处位置在段末，根据文体特征，一般用于总结本段。而本段中出现的“Friday，Saturday，weekends”与 F 选项中的“
15、no matter the day”为“重复信息” 。40选 E 结合下句的“If not .”正好体现了上下连贯，最终归“合”的典型语4篇特征。课堂应用体验 运用“一序一忌看四点”解答下题(2017全国卷) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping. I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meal
16、s, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._37_We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother N
17、ature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._38_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature
18、loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._39_We have done a lot of it since.Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching car
19、pet and curtains._40_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then,
20、 however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.方法运用“一序”：读选项：七个选项排列从短到长，呈梯形排列；D 项中的“however”一词应注意，此选项具有转折作用，有可能用于总结前文并引起下文。F 项中的“After the trip”有“承接”作用，有可能用于引
21、领下文的相关内容。读文章：本文是一篇记叙文，以主人公“我”的旅行及野营为主线索，讲述了“我”5参与野营活动的经历。“一忌”：记叙文是比较灵活的一种呈现方式。本篇的重点是对事件发生时间顺序的把握。可以说是极易“错一时，而乱全局” ，造成“连环错” 。特别是选项中的 A、C、G 和E、F 两组选项更具有较高的相似性。“看四点”：答案解析过程。36选 D 本句所处位置为段尾，常常用于总结前文，并引起下文。D 选项中的“however”就起到了很好的转折作用，既照应了上文对于野营毫无兴趣的语境，又为下文态度的转变做出了安排。37选 C 后文“We slept in a tent, cooked ove
22、r an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.”正是对于 C 选项中的关键词 rough 的最好诠释，对 C 项内容的承接和申述。38选 A 前句的代词“another”和选项 A 中的“This time”为重复信息，而下句的“Instead”又呈现了“转”的意义，与前文构成呼应关系。39选 F 选项 E 和 F 意义具有较高的相似性，试比较： “I have certainly come to enjoy camping”和“my family became quite interested in camping”。但 F 项中的“After the trip”就起到了很好的“承接”作用，而后文的所做之事又正好做了阐释，前后连贯自然。40选 E 此处位于最后一段的段首，应有总结全文之意。E 选项中代词 I 再次出现，恰好重申了作者的身份，而 E 项既是对文章首段作者态度变化过程的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文，形成了一个很好的文段结尾。6
