1、1概要写作专练答案提供详尽解析，旨在指导考生拓展写作思路，提升写作能力。 概要写作专练(一)A(2018浙江省名校联盟第三次联考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did
2、not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well
3、equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of
4、 my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen . At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself
5、to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in bo
6、oks, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often only of objects I find really beautiful. Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preservin
7、g the present so as to live it in the future.I dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I wont have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe Ill forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I dont live
8、to make memories I just live, and the 2memories form themselves.一、试题详解1核心内容本文是一篇记叙文，全文共四段。第一段讲述作者小时候喜欢写日记，每天忙着把各种日常生活及感受记录在本子上，积累记忆，保存过去。第二段讲述作者 13岁时的一次旅游经历，山谷的美丽使她/他意识到，应该学会当时当地去欣赏和体验世间万物，而不是一味地记录。第三段主要讲述了作者写日记的方式发生了改变，现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感有选择地写在日记中。第四段是作者对生活的感悟：把握现在，感受今天；生活，重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆。2写作思路(1)理清文章脉络，
9、概括段落大意。该文第一段围绕着首句“Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.”讲述几年前，作者每天忙于记录日常生活感受，事无巨细等。第二段讲述作者在写日记一事上的转变，全段没有主题句，因此可围绕 change一词将本段大意概括为“The authors attitude towards the diary changed after a trip to a valley.”。第三段围绕首句“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a s
10、pecial thought or feeling.”详细讲述作者改变写日记方式后的相关情况，她/他开始有选择地在日记中记录自己的感想体会。第四段是作者的感悟，即“I dont live to make memories I just live, and the memories form themselves.”。(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。要点 1是对第一段内容的归纳，同时为使句意更加完整清晰，可适当补充细节，例如，写日记是为了储存记忆。要点 2是对第二段内容的概括，即作者写日记方式变化前后的对比。要点 3承接着要点 2，是对作者改变写日记方式后的具体描述，可以使用 thus衔接。要
11、点 4是最后一段中作者的感悟。3二、参考范文The author had made it a routine to keep a detailed diary of her/his everyday life to store memories.(要点 1) That changed after a trip to a valley, where she/he realized breathtaking scenery was meant to be felt with heart rather than written down mechanically.(要点 2) Thus, she/h
12、e has become selective about what to put in her/his diary, (要点 3) focusing on the present instead of busying herself/himself with recording memories for the past or the future.(要点 4)三、范文解析要点 1中， “made it a routine”准确地表达了作者每日像例行公事般地记日记的状态，用目的状语“to store memories”补充信息，使要点信息更全面。要点 2中，非限制性定语从句“where .”的
13、使用明确了作者改变写日记方式的原因，同时用 breathtaking替换原文的 dramatic，避免词汇的重复。要点 3由 Thus一词引出作者现在写日记的方式，即“become selective about what to put in her/his diary”，同时通过非谓语结构“focusing on . instead of busying .”把要点 4准确地表达出来，使得句与句之间衔接紧凑，语言精练。B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。Group singing is a sound that begins inside you, shares it w
14、ith a roomful of people and it comes back as something even more thrilling: harmony. So its not surprising that group singing is on the rise.As the popularity of group singing grows, science has been hard at work trying to explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people. What resea
15、rchers are beginning to discover is that singing is like a filling of the perfect tranquilizer (镇静剂), the kind that both eases your nerves and lifts your spirits. The high spirits may come from endorphins, a hormone (荷尔蒙) released by singing, which is associated with feelings of pleasure. Or it migh
16、t be from oxytocin, another hormone released during singing, which has been found to ease anxiety and stress.Oxytocin also strengthens feeling of trust and bonding, which may explain why still more studies have found that singing lessens feelings of depression and loneliness.The benefits of singing
17、regularly seem to be accumulative. In one study, singers were found to have lower levels of stress. Another investigation suggesting that our heart rates may keep pace with each other during group 4singing could also explain why singing together sometimes feels like a guided group meditation. Study
18、after study has found that singing relieves anxiety and contributes to quality of life.It turns out you dont even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.According to one study, group singing “can produce satisfying and therapeutic feelings even when the sound produced by the mouth is of averag
19、e quality”Singing groups which vary from casual affairs to serious, professional or a vocational ones will all work.Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier than drinking, and certainly more fun than working out. It is the one thing in life where feeling better is pretty much guara
20、nteed. Even if you walked into the group exhausted and depressed, by the end of the night youll walk out high as a kite on endorphins and good will.一、试题详解1核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。第一段讲合唱变得越来越流行；第二段从生理因素分析合唱变得流行的原因：它能使人镇静又激发活力；第三段介绍合唱时合唱者之间的相互影响；第四段介绍合唱者不必唱得很好也能起到功效；第五段介绍合唱比药物治疗更便宜、比喝酒更健康、比体育锻炼更有趣。2写作思路理清
21、文章脉络、概括段落大意。考生可以使用寻找文章主题句的方法概括段落大意。第一段的主题句是：So its not surprising that group singing is on the rise.第二段没有明显的主题句，但是我们可以找到一些关键短语“explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people, eases your nerves and lifts your spirits”，这些短语说明了合唱的功效。要关注两个关键句子： “The high spirits may come from endorphi
22、ns, a hormone . Or it might be from oxytocin, another 5hormone .”，这解释了合唱有功效的生理原因。第三段的主题句是：The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative.第四段的主题句是：It turns out you dont even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.第五段的主题句是：Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier tha
23、n drinking, and certainly more fun than working out.概要写作就是要把这些主要的内容进行整合，并灵活处理相关要点。二、参考范文Group singing is becoming more popular (要点 1) and scientists find out that singing will help make people calm and energetic, which results from some hormones released by group singing. (要点 2) Also, singing togeth
24、er will have a good influence on each other.(要点 3) Whether people can sing well or not, it benefits.(要点 4) Besides, singing costs little, makes us healthy and has a lot of fun.(要点 5)三、范文解析范文开门见山提到合唱正变得流行，用“become more popular”替代了原文中的“on the rise”；然后用 and连接自然过渡到了第 2个要点：科学家研究发现合唱的好处，用“make people clam
25、 and energetic”代替了“has such a calming yet energizing effect on people”，并且用 which引导的非限制性定语从句来解释合唱带来好处的原因。要点 3、4、5 也是合唱的优点，它们都是并列关系，表示合唱简单易行，好处颇多。第 3个要点把主题句中的 accumulative用“have a good influence on each other”表示；要点 5用三个并列的谓语“costs little, makes us healthy”和“has a lot of fun”替换了原文中的三个比较结构“cheaper than,
26、 healthier than”和“more fun than”。在要点 2和要点 3、要点 4和要点 5之间分别用 also和 besides进行有效连接，使文章浑然一体。同时在要点 4中使用了“whether . or not”，使句子表达意思充分，结构紧凑。C阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。It is early in the morning and Ive hardly caught any shuteye. My breakfast of eggs, bread and strong coffee will keep me awake and alert bef
27、ore lunch. After lunch, I will face an afternoon of yawning in the office. 6Sometimes I feel uneasy about this situation but I am sure that I am not alone, for it is not too much to say that we all seem to be yawning more often. Are we turning into a generation of insomniacs (患失眠症的人)？How is modern l
28、ife influencing our sleep patterns?We can start by blaming the light bulb and other forms of manmade light. Experts say that on average people go to bed and wake up two hours later than the previous generation. Then, there are the computers. Research led by Professor Charles Czeisler of Harvard Medi
29、cal School has shown that people who read electronic books before going to bed take longer time to fall asleep.They have lower levels of melatonin, a chemical which controls our body clock. And theyre less active in the morning. Professor Czeisler said, “In the past 50 years, there has been a decrea
30、se in average sleep length and quality.Since more people are choosing electronic devices for reading, communication and entertainment, especially teenagers who already experience serious sleep loss, research on the longterm influence of these devices on health and safety is urgently needed.”So the f
31、irst thing to do if you want to have a restful night is leave computers out of the bedroom. The earlier you get your fingers off the keyboard, the sooner you tend to fall asleep. Avoid alcohol, as it might reduce our cycles of the “rapid eye movement” sleep, when our brains process the information w
32、e have received during the day.It prevents our brain activity going well. And do not eat nuts or cheese in the evening.After that, if you still cannot sleep, start counting sheep. Maybe that is the best way to avoid another afternoon of yawning in the office.一、试题详解1核心内容本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。第一段用形象的语言描述了现代
33、人失眠这一普遍现象。第二段提出了造成这一现象的两大原因，即人造灯光和电脑的使用。第三段针对如何克服失眠的现象，建议远离电脑、酒和坚果及奶酪等。第四段用幽默的口吻，建议我们7数羊来帮助解决失眠这一现象。2写作思路(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。第一段描述现象，没有明显的主题句，需要根据内容进行概括。第二段主旨需要整合第一句和后面的“there are the computers”这一句。第三段主旨也是需要整合三条并列的具体建议，即“leave computers out of the bedroom, Avoid alcohol”和“do not eat nuts or cheese” 。第四
34、段的建议，内容是和上一段的三条建议并列的，但是因为转化了口吻，所以在概要写作中单独作为一个要点。(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。本文要点较为明显，提炼难度不大。第一段的现象描述可以整合为要点 1，且用“sleeplessness”和“a state of tiredness”来概括和表达。第二段将两条并列的建议整合为要点 2。第三段也是将并列的三条建议整合为要点 3。第四段的内容为要点 4。二、参考范文Modern people suffer from sleeplessness and consequently get into a state of tiredness easily. (
35、要点 1) This phenomenon results from the negative effects of artificial light and computers.(要点 2) So in order to solve the problem, people are advised to reject computers, resist alcohol as well as refuse nuts or cheese before bedtime.(要点 3)Even counting sheep may help solve the problem in some way.(
36、要点 4)三、范文解析范文将原文的“hardly caught any shuteye, yawning, insomniacs, sleep patterns”概括为“sleeplessness”和“a state of tiredness”，实现语言的转化和灵活表达。为保证表达的流畅，分别用 phenomenon 联系要点 1和要点 2，用“in order to solve the problem”过渡到要点 3。要点 3里面的三条建议分别用 reject, resist和refuse三个近义词来表达，体现语言的一致性。用语气词 Even来引出要点 4，以突显语气的转变。概要写作专练(二
37、)A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people.However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help
38、 of the Internet.8Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you dont have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but w
39、omen are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to 240 (3,360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of 233 (3,262 yuan) f
40、or men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users st
41、ill do have security worries but it hasnt slowed down the everincreasing numbers of online shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only 197.70% of Internet users who are now buying their Christmas gifts online. Chri
42、stmas trading can represent up to 60% of the business for some stores. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the runup to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but th
43、is year the bargains have come early in an attempt to attract consumers to spend.一、试题详解1核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共分五段。第一段主要讲随着圣诞购物季的到来，今年许多人选择在家网购。第二段讲了网上购物变得流行的原因。第三段主要讲无论男女都热衷网购，不过网购对女士更有吸引力。第四段主要讲对网购安全的担忧并未降低网购人数。第五段主要讲面对网购的冲击，传统商场在圣诞购物季到来时的应对措施提前打折。2写作思路9(1)抓住关键信息，理解段落大意。准确理解文章内容，在此基础上理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写概要的关键。第
44、一段的主要信息是 However后的这句话，其他则是次要信息。第二段的关键词是 popular和 reasons。第三段信息重点是 but后面的“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”。第四段的关键信息是 security和“everincreasing numbers of online shoppers” ，关键信息之间的逻辑关系是转折。第五段的主要信息是“the bargains have come early”及其原因，该段大意需要在理解的基础上进行概括。(2)确定表达要点，简要提炼概括。将每段的
45、段落大意都作为表达的要点可以确保不遗漏要点。第一段的表达要点是“not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping”也可以是“lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet”，结合背景圣诞购物，概括起来就是“people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leaving their homes”。第二段的
46、表达要点是 reasons，可以考虑整合到第一段。第三段的要点是“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”，利用简化原则，概括起来就是“women spend more than men” 。第四段概括起来核心内容是“security worries havent slowed down the everincreasing numbers of online shoppers”。第五段的要点是“One victim of the online shopping boom”和“the bargains ha
47、ve come early”，概括起来就是“Because of the popularity of online shopping, the bargains have come early.”。二、参考范文This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leaving their homes for cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点 1) With increasing popularity of online shopping, women sp
48、end more than men.(要点 2) Although safety is a major concern for shopping online, still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点 3) With the pressure from widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their sales promotion earlier this Christmas.(要点 4)10三、范文解析范文把第一、二
49、段合并为一个要点，用“rather than”表达“在家网购而不是外出购物” ，然后用 for引导的介词短语表达原因，用名词短语“cheaper goods”替换“prices are often lower online”， “more convenience”替换 “dont have to queue up”和“you can buy almost any product .”，使表达简洁明了。要点 2表达时，用 with短语衔接上下句，然后简洁地表达“women spend more than men”。要点 3用 safety替换 security，concern 替换 worry，整个要点用 Although引导的让步状语从句来表达，使语意表达充分。要点 4用 pressure替换 victim，用“sales promotion”替换 bargains，用 with介词短语表达原因，然后交代实体店的应对措施，使表达简洁清楚。B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。Many seniors feel pressured to go straight from high school to college but Camden Olson, who
