1、1阅读理解题型突破每一题型独立页面设计，可裁下上交作业，方便教师检查批阅。每课时突破一个题型，学生先做，教师后评。 阅读理解题型突破(一) 细节理解题 (A 卷)(加彩的题目为细节理解题，本卷限时 20 分钟)A(2018金丽衢十二校联考)Fitness bands like the Apple Watch and the Fitbit aim to track something like heart rate.But early models werent all that accurate.We thought of them a little bit like random numbe
2、r generators (生成器)They really didnt seem to be providing anything that bore any relationship to heart rate.Euan Ashley, a cardiologist (心脏病专家), studies wearables at Stanford University.He and his colleagues have now tested seven newer fitness bands, from brands like Apple, Fitbit to others and he sa
3、ys those heart rate statistics have gotten much better.“Yeah we were pleasantly surprised actually by how good the accuracy of the heart rate monitoring was.”For most of the devices, the error rate was less than 5%, which is good enough for your doctor.But where all the devices failed to measure up
4、was estimating calories burned.Even the most accurate devices were off by 30%, compared to lab measurements of energy consumption.One device was off by more than 90%.If you think about going to the gym and working out for an hour and maybe thats around 400 calories, then in reality that could be any
5、thing from 200 to 800.And thats a big difference if youre thinking about somebody whos incorporating those estimates into their lifestyle and particular thinking about what to eat that evening based on the workout they did that afternoon.The results are in the Journal of Personalized Medicine.The re
6、ason for the discrepancy, Ashley says, could be that we all burn energy at different rates and thats hard to calculate from simple input statistics like weight and height.Some people are incredibly efficient and look incredibly elegant when they run.And others really clearly look like theyre burning
7、 a lot more calories to 2cover the same amount of ground.So if you own a wearable, its probably safe to trust the heart data.But what it cant tell you is whether your time on the treadmill (跑步机) really justifies that chocolate bar.语篇解读：像苹果手表等大多数的智能穿戴产品对心脏的数据监测是有效的，但是，这些产品对卡路里的燃烧数据记录却不精确，误差很大，因此，我们不能
8、完全依赖这些设备来决定我们的生活方式。1What does Euan Ashley say about the newer models of wearables?AThey were all useless.BThey were hardly effective.CThey were too expensive.DThey were mostly accurate.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“he says those heart rate statistics have gotten much better.Yeah we were pleasantly surprised a
9、ctually by how good the accuracy of the heart rate monitoring was.”可知，他对市面上的智能穿戴产品做了研究，发现心脏监测数据跟以往相比有了提高。从他所说的话中可以知道，大多产品的数据都很准确。故答案选 D。2What can we learn from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?AFor measuring heart rates, most fitness bands are not reliable.BFor measuring calories in exercise, most fitnes
10、s bands are not reliable.CWe can base our lifestyle and diet on advice from doctors.DWe can base our lifestyle and diet on data from wearables.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容尤其是“But where all the devices failed to measure up was estimating calories burned.”可知，现在的智能穿戴产品对卡路里的燃烧数据大多都是不准确的，最好的产品都有 30%的偏差，有的甚至有 90%
11、的偏差，再结合第五段的内容可推知，在运动中靠智能穿戴产品来决定卡路里的摄入的生活方式是不可靠的。故答案选 B。3What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo remind readers to use fitness bands wisely.BTo promote the sale of popular wearables.CTo discuss the advantages of some popular wearables.DTo introduce some famousbrand fitness bands.解析：选 A 写作
12、意图题。根据最后一段中“So if you own a wearable, its probably safe to trust the heart data.But what it cant tell you is whether 3your time on the treadmill (跑步机) really justifies that chocolate bar.”可知，现在的穿戴产品对心脏的数据监测是安全有效的，但是用穿戴产品来决定你的卡路里摄入还不成熟，不能依靠这些产品来确定你的生活方式。故答案选 A。B(2018台州中学统练)On April 14th, 2010, my ent
13、ire life changed in an instant.One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine.The next moment, metal, flesh and bone were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash.Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oncoming traffic.As if to symbolize
14、 the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010.It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion.Ten million travelers were stuck for days.Economies all over the world were disturbed.This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Icelands many volcanoes.However, vo
15、lcanoes are not all bad.In fact, they are necessary.They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil.This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily.But cancelling 48% of the worlds flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of C
16、O2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint.Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I never would have realized.I learned how not to judge myself for my new limit
17、ations.In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out.Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path.After their plan worked，they used the geothermal (地热 ) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes.A good example of life bringing lemons, and ma
18、king lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape.Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences.语篇解读：作者通过讲述骑自行车遭遇严重车祸和火山爆发的例子告诉我们：并非所有的灾难都带来负面的效果，我们应积
19、极乐观地去面对。44What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010?AHe was involved in a car crash.BHe was stuck in Icelands airport.CHe witnessed a volcanic eruption.DHe was badly injured on a bike ride.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The next moment, metal, flesh and bone were spreading against . and sent me supermann
20、ing toward oncoming traffic.”可知，由于另一个骑手的粗心，使“我”发生了事故，从 flesh, bone 可以看出当时血肉横飞的场景，作者受伤严重。故答案选 D。5Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull?AEconomy was cost globally by the eruption.BCarbon dioxide was increased temporarily.CThe earth in Ireland was terribly polluted.DMost of the worlds
21、 planes were held up.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion.Ten million travelers were stuck for days.Economies all over the world were disturbed.”可以看出，这次火山喷发造成了很大的恶果，航空业损失 17 亿，一千万旅客滞留数天，全球经济受到严重影响。故答案选 A。6Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano?AIt broke out in Icelan
22、d on April 14th as well.BIt symbolized the accident that changed his life.CIt encouraged him to know more about himself.DIt told us to make the most of given situation.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第五段中“A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on
23、 the present moment and being hopeful for the future.”作者举这个例子是要说明坏事也能变好事，我们必须从不幸中走出来，关注当前，对未来充满希望。故答案选 D。C(2018宁波市上学期期末)You know the feeling you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world.“Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike.Yo
24、u can even do an online test to see if you have it.Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone.Their study found that people 5who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most.When users were asked to describe how they felt about the
25、ir phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices， ” said Dr.Kim Ki Joon.“People experience feelings of anxiety and
26、 unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the Int
27、ernational Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)“We are talking about an Internetconnected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives， ” says Griffiths.
28、“You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is ingrained_in this device.”Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia.For “screenagers”， it is Fomo
29、 that creates the most separation anxiety.If they cant see whats happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become panicstricken about not knowing whats going on socially.“But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and theres no Internet， ” says Griffiths.语篇解读：手机没带在身边，你是不是总感觉少了点什么？研究发现，人们
30、对手机的依赖性越来越强，很多人都患上了“无手机恐惧症” ，那么到底是什么导致这种症状发生的呢？7Which of the following may Dr.Kim Ki Joon agree with?AWe waste too much time on phones.BPhones have become part of some users.6CAddiction to phones makes memories suffer.DPhones and blood pressure are closely linked.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The findings of
31、our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices”这句话可以看出 Dr.Kim Ki Joon 认为手机用户已经把手机看作是自我的延伸，是自己不可分割的一部分。故答案选 B。8According to Griffiths, we get nomophobia because _.Awe are accustomed to having a phone on usBwe need our phones to help us store i
32、nformationCwe worry we may miss out what our friends are doingDwe fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段“. says it is what is on the phone that counts the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out)”可知，为什么手机不在身边会焦虑是因为现在的人都用手机(软件)来进行社交联系。故答案选 C。9Which of
33、 the following phrases has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase “ingrained in” in Paragraph 4?ARelied on. BOpposed to.CApproved of. DDetermined by.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据第四段的内容可知，年轻人很难摆脱手机是因为他们现在的整个生活都跟手机有关，他们的生活很多方面都要靠手机。故答案选 A。10Where can you probably find the above passage?AIn a research report.B
34、In a fashion brochure.CIn a science textbook.DIn a popular science magazine.解析：选 D 文章出处题。整篇文章介绍了最新的关于“无手机恐惧症”的研究以及原因剖析，应该出现在科学报纸或杂志中。故答案选 D。阅读理解题型突破(一) 细节理解题 (B 卷)(加彩的题目为细节理解题，本卷限时 20 分钟)A(2018杭州市高三质检)Think back to when you were in a classroom, maybe a math classroom, and the teacher set a difficult
35、 problem.Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted?7(A)Ah， this is quite tricky but I like to push myself.Even if I dont get the answer right， maybe Ill learn something in the attempt.(B)Oh no， this is too hard for me.Im not even going to seriously try and work it out.Ear
36、ly in her career, the psychology Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of tenyearolds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively, said they loved challenge and understood that their abilities could be developed.She says they had a “growth mindset (心态)” and a
37、re focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and that they had failed.They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving.Some of these children said they might cheat in the future; others looked for someone
38、 who had done worse than them to raise their selfrespect.Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in Mutation at the moment.For years, children have been praised for their intelligence or talent, but this makes them vulnerable (脆弱的) to failure.They become performanceoriented (以成绩为目的), wantin
39、g to please by getting high grades, but they are not necessarily interested in learning.The solution, according to Dweck, is to praise the process that children are engaged in：making an effort, using learning methods, keeping trying and improving.This way they will become masteryoriented (i.e.intere
40、sted in getting better at something) and will achieve more.She says that constant effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.So, back to our original question.If you answered A, well done you already have a growth mindset.If B, dont worry; everyone is able to become masteryoriented with
41、a little effort and selfawareness.语篇解读：当被给予较难的任务时，具有成长心态的人认为这是一个可以锻炼提升自己的机会，但具有固定思维模式的人却认为他们能力不足，选择退缩而不愿尝试。Dweck 教授认为，现在以成绩为目的的教育模式需要被改变。1Why does the author ask the question in Paragraph 1?ATo tell readers the purpose of the text.BTo stress the importance of the mindsets.8CTo introduce the topic of
42、 the text.DTo share with readers class experiences.解析：选 C 写作意图题。根据后文可知，作者问这个问题，是要引出对于这个问题的两个答案，进而对选择这两种答案的人的心理分析。由此可知，其主要目的是为了引出作者想讲的话题。故答案选 C。2According to the text, children with a “fixed mindset” will _.Adraw back in the face of challengesBbecome increasingly dullCfail to see their weaknessesDsta
43、y that way forever解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But another group of children felt that their intelligent was being judged and that they had failed.They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine improving.”可知，具有固定性思维模式的学生，碰到挑战之后会觉得自己能力不足，从而退缩。故答案选 A。3Whats the problem with the present education accordi
44、ng to Dweck?AChildren are experiencing too many failures.BChildren are no longer interested in learning.CToo much attention is paid to childrens progress.DPraise often focus on childrens academic results.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“For years, children have been praised for their intelligence or talent . a
45、re not necessarily interested in learning.”可知，Dweck 认为，现在的孩子由于好成绩受到表扬，使得他们重结果，而轻过程，面对失败时非常脆弱。故答案选 D。B(2018浙江省名校第二次联考)Indian scientists have designed a new device they hope will solve one of the biggest problems with the use of solar energy.They call the device a solar tree.Daljit Bedi is the chief s
46、cientist at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), where the solar tree was designed.Bedi says the shape of the solar trees makes it possible to fit more photovoltaic panels (光电板) in a space than traditional systems do.This means less land would be needed to produce solar energy.9
47、“It takes about foursquare meters of space to produce energy which otherwise would have required 400 square meters of space， ” he says.“So almost 100 times the space is saved, which is very valuable.”Buying land to develop roads, factories and other infrastructure has been a disputed issue in India.
48、Disagreements often lead to protests (抗议) by those forced to move.Some of the protests have turned violent.Scientists believe the energy a solar tree collects will be enough to power five homes.The spacesaving tree will make it easier to provide solar energy to homes in cities, they say.The trees wi
49、ll also take less space from farmers in rural areas.Bedi says solar trees will collect more energy than normal photovoltaic panels on the tops of buildings.India is the worlds third largest producer of greenhouse gases.The country promised to reduce its rate of greenhouse gas production at the United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Paris.India said, by 2030, it would reduce its rate of greenhouse gas production by one third over its levels in 2005.
