IEC 60151-25-1971 Measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes Part 25 Methods of measurement of Geiger-Müller counter tubs《电子管电性能的测量 第25部分 盖格-弥勒计数管的测量方法》.pdf

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IEC 60151-25-1971 Measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes Part 25  Methods of measurement of Geiger-Müller counter tubs《电子管电性能的测量 第25部分 盖格-弥勒计数管的测量方法》.pdf_第1页
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1、NORME CE1 INTERNATIONALE IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60151-25 Premire dition First edition 1971 -01 Mesures des caractristiques lectriques des tubes lectroniques Partie 25: Mthodes de mesure des tubes-compteurs de Geiger-Muller Measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes Part 25: Me

2、thods of measurement of Geiger-Mller counter tubes Numro de rfrence Reference number CEIAEC 60151-25: 1971 Numros des publications Numbering Depuis le ler janvier 1997, les publications de la GEI sont numrotes partir de 60000. Publications consolides Les versions consolides de certaines publications

3、 de la CE1 incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par exemple, les numros ddition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la publication de base incorporant lamendement 1, et la publication de base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. Validit de la prsente publication

4、Le contenu technique des publications de la CE1 est constamment revu par la CE1 afin quil reflete ltat actuel de la technique. Des renseignements relatifs la date de reconfir- mation de la publication sont disponibles dans le Catalogue de la CEI. Les renseignements relatifs des questions ltude et de

5、s travaux en cours entrepris par le comit technique qui a tabli cette publication, ainsi que la liste des publications tablies, se trouvent dans les documents ci- dessous: , sur la page de titre. As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. Consolida

6、ted publications Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incor- porating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2.

7、Validity of this publication The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available in the IEC catalogue. Information on the

8、 subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources: IEC web site* Catalogue of IEC publications Published yearly with regular updates (On

9、-line catalogue) * IEC Bulletin Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical Terminology, graphical and letter symbols For general terminology, readers are referred to I EC 60050: lnternational Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs

10、approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols for diagrams. * See web site

11、 address on title page. NORME CE1 IEC INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 601 51 -25 Premire dition First edition 1971-01 Mes u res des caractris t iq ues lect riq ues des tubes lectroniques Partie 25: Mthodes de mesure des tubes-compteurs de Geig er-M I ler Measurements of the electrical properti

12、es of electronic tubes Part 25: Methods of measurement of Geiger-Mller counter tubes O IEC 1971 Droits de reproduction rservs - Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut Btre reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in utilise sous quel

13、que forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, procd, lectronique ou mcanique. y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in copie et les microfilms. sans laccord crit de Iditeur. writing from the publisher. International Elec

14、trotechnical Commission Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 3, rue de Varemb Geneva, Switzerland IEC web site http: /www.iec.ch e-mail: inmailiec.ch Q CODE PRIX PRICE CODE Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechn

15、ical Commission MetMnYHapOAHaR 3neRTpOTeXHHueCnaR HOMHCCHR O -2- SOMMAIRE Pages PRAMBULE . 4 PRFACE 4 Articles 1 . Domaine dappEcation 6 2 . Dfinitions 6 3 . Thorie lmentaire . 14 4 . Mthodes de mesure 18 5 . Caractristiques mcaniques 28 FIGURES . 30 -3- CONTENTS fige FOREWORD . 5 PREFACE 5 Clause 1

16、 . Scope . 7 2 . Definitions 7 3 . Basic theory . 15 4 . Methods of measurement . 19 5 . Mechanical data 29 FIGURES 30 -4- COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE MESURES DES CARACTRISTIQUES LECTRIQUES DES TUBES LECTRONIQUES Vingt-cinquime partie : Mthodes de mesure des tubes-compteurs de Geiger-

17、Mller PRAMBULE 1) Les dcisions ou accords officiels de la CE1 en ce qui concerne les questions techniques, prpars par des Comits $Etudes O sont reprsents tous les Comits nationaux sintressant ces questions, expriment dans la plus grande mesure possible un accord international sur les sujets examins.

18、 2) Ces dcisions constituent des recommandations internationales et sont agres comme telles par les Comits nationaux. 3) Dans le but dencourager cette unification internationale, la CE1 exprime le voeu que tous les Comits nationaux ne poss- dant pas encore de rgles nationales, lorsquils prparent ces

19、 rgles, prennent comme base fondamentale de ces rgles les recommandations de la CE1 dans la mesure O les conditions nationales le permettent. 4) On reconnat quil est dsirable que laccord international sur ces questions soit suivi dun effort pour harmoniser les rgles nationales de normalisation avec

20、ces recommandations dans la mesure OU les conditions nationales le permettent. Les Comi- ts nationaux sengagent user de leur influence dans ce but. PRFACE La prsente recommandation a t tablie par le Comit dEtudes NO 39 de la CEI: Tubes lectroniques. Elle fait partie dune srie de publications traitan

21、t des mesures des caractristiques lectriques des tubes lectroniques. Le catalogue des publications de la CE1 donne tous renseignements sur les autres parties de cette srie. Un premier projet fut discut lors de la runion tenue New Haven en 1967, la suite de laquelle un projet rvis fut soumis lapproba

22、tion des Comits nationaux suivant la Rgle des Six Mois en aot 1968. Des projets de modifications furent soumis lapprobation des Comits nationaux suivant la Procdure des Deux Mois en mars 1970. Les pays suivants se sont prononcs explicitement en faveur de la publication de cette vingt-cinquime partie

23、 : Allemagne Pays-Bas Australie Pologne Belgique Roumanie Danemark Royaume-Uni Etats-Unis dAmrique Sude France Suisse Isral Tchcoslovaquie Italie Turquie Japon Union des Rpubliques Socialistes Sovitiques -5- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECT

24、RONIC TUBES Part 25 : Me tliods of measurement of Geiger-Mller couii ter tubes FOREWORD The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as p

25、ossible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with. They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. In order to promote this international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Comm

26、ittees having as yet no national rules, when preparing such rules, should use the IEC recommendations as the fundamental basis for these rules in so far as national conditions will permit. The desirability is recognized of extending international agreement on these matters through an endeavour to ha

27、rmonize national standardization rules with these recommendations in so far as national conditions will permit. The National Committees pledge their influence towards that end. PREFACE This Recommendation has been prepared by 1 EC Technical Committee No. 39, Electronic Tubes. It forms one of a serie

28、s dealing with the measurements of the electrical properties of electronic tubes and valves. Reference should be made to the current catalogue of IEC Publications for information on the other parts of the series. A first draft was discussed at the meeting held in New Haven in 1967, as a result of wh

29、ich a revised draft was submitted to the National Committees for approval under the Six Months Rule in August 1968. Draft amendments were submitted to the National Committees for approval under the Two Months Procedure in March 1970. The foilowing countries voted explicitly in favour of publication

30、of Part 75 : Australia Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark France Germany Israel Italy Japan Netherlands Poland Romania Sweden Switzerland Turkey Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United Kingdom United States of America -6- MESURES DES CARACTRISTIQUES LECTRIQUES DES TUBES LECTRONIQUES Vingt-cinquime pa

31、rtie : Mthodes de mesure des tubes-compteurs de Geiger-Mller 1. Domaine dapplication Cette recommandation contient les termes, les dfinitions, la thorie lmentaire, les mthodes de mesure et les dtails mcaniques pour les tubes-compteurs de Geiger-Mller. 2. Dfinitions Note. - Un certain nombre de terme

32、s utilises dans cette recommandation peuvent tre employs pour dautres types de tubes-compteurs, et lon doit prciser “de Geiger-Muller” (G.M.) pour les termes de cette recom- mandation iorsquon veut viter les confusions. 2.1 Tube-compteur (compteur dionisation gaz ou tube-compteur) Dispositif dans le

33、quel une ionisation est produite dans un gaz par des particules ou des photons individuels, ce qui permet de les compter. 2.2 Impulsion Rapide variation de courant ou de tension, rsultant du passage dune particule ionisante (ou de plusieurs particules simultanes) travers un tube-compteur. 2.2.1 Impu

34、lsion parasite Impulsion cre par une perturbation lectrique ou autre. 2.3 CouplCompte 2.3.1 2.3.2 Coup: une impulsion qui a t enregistre. Compte : nombre dimpulsions enregistres dans une dure spcifie. 2.4 Taux de comptage Nombre de coups par unit de temps. -7- MEASCREMENTS OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTI

35、ES OF ELECTRONIC TUBES Part 25 : Methods of measurement of Geiger Mller counter. tubes I. scope This Recommendation provides terms, definitions, basic theory, recommended methods of measurement and mechanical data for Geiger-Mller counter tubes. 2. Definit ions Nore. - A number of terms used in this

36、 Recommendation may be used for other types of counter tubes and the prefix “G.M.” (Geiger-Mller) should be used for terms relating to this Recommendation if confusion is likely to arise. 2.1 Counter tube (gas ionization counter or counter tube) A device in which ionization is produced in a gas by i

37、ndividual particles or photons, thus enabling them to be counted. 2.2 Pulse A brief change in current or voltage such as results from the passage of an ionizing particle (or two or more simultaneous ones) through a counter tube. 2.2.1 Spurious pulse A pulse generated by an electrical or other distur

38、bance. 2.3 Count 2.3.1 A pulse which has been registered. 2.3.2 The number of pulses recorded in a specified period. 2.4 Counting (count) rate The number of counts per unit time. -8- 2.5 Mouvement propre Taux de comptage en labsence du rayonnement que le tube-compteur doit mesurer. 2.6 Coup fortuil

39、Coup caus par toute action-autre que le passage, lintrieur ou au travers du tube-compteur, de rayonnements ionisants auxquels il est sensible. 2.7 Avalanche Ensemble des ions produits partir dun unique ion primaire par le processus dionisation cumula- tive. 2.8 Multiplication (amplification) due au

40、gaz Processus par lequel, dans un champ lectrique suffisamment lev, les ions produits dans un gaz par un rayonnement ionisant crent des ions supplmentaires. 2.9 Facteur de multiplication due au gaz Facteur par lequel lionisation initiale est multiplie par suite de leffet de multiplication due au gaz

41、, dans des conditions donnees. 2.10 Rgion de proportionnalit Domaine des tensions appliques dans lequel la charge recueillie par coup isol est proportionnelle la charge libre par lvnement ionisant initial. Note. - Dans cette rgion, le facteur de multiplication due au gaz est suprieur ?i lunit et est

42、 indpendant de la charge libre par lvnement ionisant initial. 2.1 1 Rgion de proportionnalit limite Domaine des tensions appliques, dans un tube-compteur, dans lequel leffet de multiplication due au gaz dpend du nombre dions produits par levenement ionisant initial ainsi qu de la tension 2.12 Rgion

43、de Geiger Dans un tube-compteur de Geiger-Mller, domaine des tensions appliques dans lequel la charge recueillie par coup isol est indpendante du nombre des ions primaires produits par lvnement ionisant initial, et rsulte en une dcharge unique ( auto-extinction). 2.1 3 Tube-compteur de Geiger-Mller

44、Tube gaz, consistant gnralement en une cathode cylindrique creuse avec une anode en fil le long de son axe, que lon fait fonctionner dans la rgion de Geiger, et dans lequel chaque vnement ionisant est suivi par une seule dcharge complte. -9- 2.5 Background The counting rate in the absence of radiati

45、on which the counter tube is meant to measure. 2.6 Spurious count A count caused by any event other than the passage into or through a counter tube of the ionizing radiations to which it is sensitive. 2.7 Avalanche All the ions produced from a single primary ion through the process of cumulative ion

46、ization. 2.8 Gas multiplication (amplification) The process whereby in a sufficiently strong electric field the ions produced in a gas by ionizing radiation produce additional ions. 2.9 Gas multiplication factor The factor by which the initial ionization is multiplied as a result of the gas multipli

47、cation process under stated conditions. 2.1 O Proportional region The range of applied. voltage in which the charge collected per isolated count is proportional to the charge liberated by the initial ionizing event. Note. - In this region the gas multiplication factor is greater than unity and is in

48、dependent of the charge liberated by the initial ionizing event. 2.1 1 Limited proportionality (region of) The range of applied voltages for a counter tube over which the gas multiplication depends upon the number of ions produced in the initial ionizing event as well as on the voltage. 2.1 2 Geiger

49、 region In a Geiger-Mller counter tube, the range of applied voltages over which the charge collected per isolated count is independent of the number of primary ions produced in the initial ionizing event and which results in a single (self-terminated) discharge. 2.13 Geiger-Mller counter tube A gas-fdled tube, usually co

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