1、 IEC 60255-121 Edition 1.0 2014-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Measuring relays and protection equipment Part 121: Functional requirements for distance protection Relais de mesure et dispositifs de protection Partie 121: Exigences fonctionnelles pour protection de distance IEC 60255-
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20、irements for distance protection Relais de mesure et dispositifs de protection Partie 121: Exigences fonctionnelles pour protection de distance INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XG ICS 29.120.70 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1399-5 Registered
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22、agr. colour inside 2 IEC 60255-121:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 9 1 Scope 11 2 Normative references 11 3 Terms and definitions 12 4 Specification of the function . 13 4.1 General 13 4.2 Input energizing quantities/energizing quantities 13 4.3 Binary input signals 14 4.4 Functional logic 15 Faul
23、ted phase identification 15 4.4.1Directional signals 15 4.4.2Distance protection function characteristics 15 4.4.3Distance protection zone timers 16 4.4.4 4.5 Binary output signals . 16 General 16 4.5.1Start (pickup) signals 16 4.5.2Operate signals 17 4.5.3Other binary output signals . 17 4.5.4 4.6
24、Additional influencing functions/conditions . 17 General 17 4.6.1Inrush current . 17 4.6.2Switch onto fault/trip on reclose 17 4.6.3Voltage transformer (VT) signal failure (loss of voltage) 17 4.6.4Power swings . 18 4.6.5Behavior during frequencies outside of the operating range 18 4.6.6 5 Performan
25、ce specifications 18 5.1 General 18 5.2 Effective and operating ranges . 18 5.3 Basic characteristic accuracy under steady state conditions 19 General 19 5.3.1Determination of accuracy related to time delay setting 19 5.3.2Disengaging time 20 5.3.3 5.4 Dynamic performance 20 General 20 5.4.1Transien
26、t overreach (TO) 20 5.4.2Operate time and transient overreach (SIR diagrams) . 21 5.4.3Operate time and transient overreach (CVT-SIR diagrams). 21 5.4.4Typical operate time . 21 5.4.5 5.5 Performance with harmonics 22 General 22 5.5.1Steady-state harmonics tests 23 5.5.2Transient LC oscillation test
27、s 23 5.5.3 5.6 Performance during frequency deviation 23 General 23 5.6.1Steady state testing during frequency deviation 23 5.6.2Transient testing during frequency deviation . 23 5.6.3 5.7 Double infeed tests 24 IEC 60255-121:2014 IEC 2014 3 General 24 5.7.1Single line, double infeed system 24 5.7.2
28、Double line, double infeed system 24 5.7.3 5.8 Instrument transformer (CT, VT and CVT) requirements 25 General 25 5.8.1CT requirements . 25 5.8.2 6 Functional tests . 29 6.1 General 29 6.2 Rated frequency characteristic accuracy tests . 29 General 29 6.2.1Basic characteristic accuracy under steady s
29、tate conditions . 30 6.2.2Basic directional accuracy under steady state conditions 43 6.2.3Determination of accuracy related to time delay setting 48 6.2.4Determination and reporting of the disengaging time 48 6.2.5 6.3 Dynamic performance 50 General 50 6.3.1Dynamic performance: operate time and tra
30、nsient overreach 6.3.2 (SIR diagrams) . 51 Dynamic performance: operate time and transient overreach 6.3.3 (CVT-SIR diagrams) . 61 Dynamic performance: transient overreach tests. 65 6.3.4Dynamic performance: typical operate time 69 6.3.5 6.4 Performance with harmonics 74 Steady state harmonics tests
31、 74 6.4.1Transient oscillation tests (network simulation L-C) 75 6.4.2 6.5 Performance during off-nominal frequency . 82 Steady state frequency deviation tests 82 6.5.1Transient frequency deviation tests 85 6.5.2 6.6 Double infeed tests 90 Double infeed tests for single line . 90 6.6.1Double infeed
32、tests for parallel lines (without mutual 6.6.2 inductance) . 96 Reporting of double infeed test results 100 6.6.3 7 Documentation requirements . 101 7.1 Type test report . 101 7.2 Documentation . 101 Annex A (informative) Impedance characteristics . 102 A.1 Overview 102 A.1.1 General 102 A.1.2 Non-d
33、irectional circular characteristic . 102 A.1.3 MHO characteristic . 102 A.1.4 Quadrilateral/polygonal . 104 A.2 Example characteristics . 106 A.2.1 General 106 A.2.2 Non-directional circular characteristic (ohm) . 106 A.2.3 Reactive reach line characteristic . 106 A.2.4 MHO characteristic . 107 A.2.
34、5 Resistive and reactive intersecting lines characteristic 107 A.2.6 Offset MHO characteristic. 108 4 IEC 60255-121:2014 IEC 2014 Annex B (informative) Informative guide for the behaviour of timers in distance protection zones for evolving faults . 110 Annex C (normative) Setting example 112 Annex D
35、 (normative) Calculation of mean, median and mode. 115 D.1 Mean . 115 D.2 Median . 115 D.3 Mode . 115 D.4 Example. 115 Annex E (informative) CT saturation and influence on the performance of distance relays 116 Annex F (informative) Informative guide for testing distance relays based on CT requireme
36、nts specification 119 F.1 General 119 F.2 Test data . 120 F.3 CT data and CT model . 121 Annex G (informative) Informative guide for dimensioning of CTs for distance protection . 125 G.1 General 125 G.2 Example 1 126 G.3 Example 2 128 Annex H (normative) Calculation of relay settings based on generi
37、c point P expressed in terms of voltage and current 131 H.1 Settings for quadrilateral/polygonal characteristic 131 H.2 Settings for MHO characteristic 133 Annex I (normative) Ramping methods for testing the basic characteristic accuracy 134 I.1 Relationship between simulated fault impedance and ana
38、log quantities . 134 I.2 Pre-fault condition 134 I.3 Phase to earth faults 134 I.4 Phase to phase faults. . 136 I.5 Ramps in the impedance plane 139 I.5.1 Pseudo-continuous ramp 139 I.5.2 Ramp of shots 140 Annex J (normative) Definition of fault inception angle . 143 Annex K (normative) Capacitive v
39、oltage instrument transformer model 145 K.1 General 145 K.2 Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) 145 Figure 1 Simplified distance protection function block diagram . 14 Figure 2 Basic accuracy specification of an operating characteristic 19 Figure 3 Basic angular accuracy specifications of directiona
40、l lines . 20 Figure 4 SIR diagram Short line average operate time 22 Figure 5 Fault positions to be considered for specifying the CT requirements 26 Figure 6 Test procedure for basic characteristic accuracy 31 Figure 7 Calculated test points A, B and C based on the effective range of U and I . 32 Fi
41、gure 8 Modified points B and C based on the limited setting range 32 Figure 9 Position of test points A, B, C, D and E in the effective range of U and I 33 Figure 10 Position of test points A, B, C, D and E in the effective range of U and I . 33 IEC 60255-121:2014 IEC 2014 5 Figure 11 Quadrilateral
42、characteristic showing ten test points 34 Figure 12 Quadrilateral characteristic showing test ramps 35 Figure 13 Quadrilateral characteristic showing accuracy limits . 36 Figure 14 Quadrilateral/polygonal characteristic showing accuracy limits . 37 Figure 15 MHO characteristic showing nine test poin
43、ts 37 Figure 16 MHO characteristic showing test ramps 38 Figure 17 Accuracy limits for MHO characteristic . 39 Figure 18 Basic directional element accuracy tests 44 Figure 19 Directional element accuracy tests in the second quadrant. 45 Figure 20 Directional element accuracy tests in the second quad
44、rant. 46 Figure 21 Directional element accuracy tests in the fourth quadrant . 46 Figure 22 Directional test accuracy lines in the fourth quadrant . 47 Figure 23 Position of the three-phase fault for testing the disengaging time . 49 Figure 24 Sequence of events for testing the disengaging time 50 F
45、igure 25 Power system network with zero load transfer 51 Figure 26 Dynamic performance: operate time and dynamic overreach (SIR diagram) . 55 Figure 27 SIR diagram for short line: minimum operate time 56 Figure 28 SIR diagram for short line: average operate time 57 Figure 29 SIR diagram for short li
46、ne: maximum operate time . 57 Figure 30 Dynamic performance tests (SIR diagrams) 59 Figure 31 SIR diagram for long line: minimum operate time . 61 Figure 32 SIR diagram for long line: average operate time . 62 Figure 33 SIR diagram for long line: maximum operate time 62 Figure 34 Dynamic performance
47、: operate time and dynamic overreach (CVT-SIR diagram) . 64 Figure 35 CVT-SIR diagram for short line: minimum operate time 66 Figure 36 CVT-SIR diagram for short line: average operate time 66 Figure 37 CVT-SIR diagram for a short line: maximum operate time 67 Figure 38 Fault statistics for typical o
48、perate time . 70 Figure 39 Frequency distribution of operate time . 73 Figure 40 Ramping test for harmonics 75 Figure 41 Steady-state harmonics test . 77 Figure 42 Simulated power system network . 78 Figure 43 Flowchart of transient oscillation tests 79 Figure 44 Simulated voltages (U L1 , U L2 , U
49、L3 ) and currents (I L1 , I L2 , I L3 ) 81 Figure 45 Transient oscillation tests Operate time . 82 Figure 46 Test points for quadrilateral characteristics 83 Figure 47 Test points for MHO characteristic . 83 Figure 48 Test ramp direction for quadrilateral characteristic . 83 Figure 49 Test ramp direction for MHO characteristic . 84 Figure 50 Steady-state frequency dev
