IEC 60444-9-2007 Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters - Part 9 Measurement of spurious resonances of piezoelectric crystal units《石英晶体元件参数测量.第9节 压电晶体元件寄生振荡测量》.pdf

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1、 IEC 60444-9 Edition 1.0 2007-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters Part 9: Measurement of spurious resonances of piezoelectric crystal units Mesure des paramtres des rsonateurs quartz Partie 9: Mesure des rsonances parasites des rsonateurs pizo

2、lectriques IEC 60444-9:2007 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2007 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and mic

3、rofilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member N

4、ational Committee for further information. Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccor

5、d crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence. I

6、EC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varemb Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 CH-1211 Geneva 20 infoiec.ch Switzerland www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electri

7、cal, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Useful links: IEC publications search - www.

8、iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new

9、 IEC publications. Just Published details all new publications released. Available on-line and also once a month by email. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and Fren

10、ch, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line. Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre:

11、 csciec.ch. A propos de la CEI La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la premire organisation mondiale qui labore et publie des Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait llectricit, llectronique et aux technologies apparentes. A propos des publications CEI Le contenu technique

12、 des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possdez ldition la plus rcente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir t publi. Liens utiles: Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub La recherche avance vous permet de trouver des publications CEI en util

13、isant diffrents critres (numro de rfrence, texte, comit dtudes,). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications remplaces ou retires. Just Published CEI - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Restez inform sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published dtaille les nouvelle

14、s publications parues. Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes lectroniques et lectriques. Il contient plus de 30 000 termes et dfinitions en anglais et en franais, ainsi que les termes quivalen

15、ts dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appel Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) en ligne. Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 60444-9 Edition 1.0 2007

16、-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters Part 9: Measurement of spurious resonances of piezoelectric crystal units Mesure des paramtres des rsonateurs quartz Partie 9: Mesure des rsonances parasites des rsonateurs pizolectriques INTERNATIONAL ELEC

17、TROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE P ICS 31.140 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-0881-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this pu

18、blication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 60444-9 IEC:2007 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ MEASUREMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL UNIT PARAMETERS Part 9: Measurement of spurious resonances of piezoe

19、lectric crystal units FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning

20、standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their prep

21、aration is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely

22、 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant

23、subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the techn

24、ical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum exte

25、nt possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for an

26、y equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees

27、 and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8

28、) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rig

29、hts. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60444-9 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 49: Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection. This bilingual version (2013-08) corresponds to the mono

30、lingual English version, published in 2007-02. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 49/764/FDIS 49/774/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. The French ve

31、rsion of this standard has not been voted upon. 60444-9 IEC:2007 3 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of IEC 60444 series, published under the general title Measurement of quartz crystal unit parameters, can be found on the IEC we

32、bsite. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, re

33、placed by a revised edition, or amended. 4 60444-9 IEC:2007 MEASUREMENT OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL UNIT PARAMETERS Part 9: Measurement of spurious resonances of piezoelectric crystal units 1 Scope This part of IEC 60444 describes two methods for determining the spurious (unwanted) modes of piezoelectric crys

34、tal resonators. It extends the capabilities and improves the reproducibility and accuracy compared to previous methods. The previous methods described in IEC 60283 (1968) were based on the use of a measuring bridge, which applies to non-traceable components such as variable resistors and a hybrid tr

35、ansformer, which are no longer commercially available. Method A (Full parameter determination) Full parameter determination allows the determination of the equivalent parameters of the spurious resonances and is based on the methods described in IEC 60444-5 using the same measurement equipment. It i

36、s the preferred method, which can be applied to the measurement of low and medium impedance spurious resonances up to several k. Method B (Resistance determination) Resistance determination should be used for the determination of high impedance spurious resonances as specified, for example for certa

37、in filter crystals. It uses the same test equipment as method A in conjunction with a test fixture, which consists of commercially available microwave components such as a 180 hybrid coupler and a 10 dB attenuator, which are well-defined in a 50 environment. This method is an improvement to the “ref

38、erence method” of the obsolete IEC 60283. 2 Overview Piezoelectric crystal units show multiple resonances, which can be electrically represented by a parallel connection of a number of series resonant circuits. The one-port equivalent circuit of the complete crystal unit is shown in Figure 1 (taken

39、from IEC 60444-5). 60444-9 IEC:2007 5 G 0C 0C 1C 2C 3L 1L 2L 3R 1R 2R 3IEC 324/07 Figure 1 General one-port equivalent circuit for multiple resonances The total admittance Y totof the equivalent circuit for n resonance modes is therefore Y tot= G 0+ jC 0+ i i Y (1) with Y i= G i+ jB i= 1 ii i 1 R jL

40、 jC + + (i = 1,2,n) (2) Index i = 1 represents the main mode, while i = 2 n represents the spurious resonance modes. The spurious modes are regarded as uncoupled modes. Coupled modes can also be found by the described test methods, however their strong amplitude dependence does not allow for the pre

41、cise determination of their parameters. The attenuation i spur a , of a spurious mode i, is defined as the logarithmic ratio (expressed in dB) of its resistance R i , to the resistance R 1of the main mode: i i spur 10 1 R a 20 log R = (3) Figure 2 shows a typical spectrum for the spurious resonances

42、 of an AT-cut quartz crystal unit as displayed on a spectrum analyzer using a -network according to IEC 60444-1. 6 60444-9 IEC:2007 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Attenuation dB 20 900 000 21 000 000 21 100 000 21 200 000 Frequency Hz IEC 325/07 Figure 2 Spectrum of spurious responses NOTE The attenuatio

43、n values measured on a network analyzer depend on the termination resistance of the test fixture used (e.g. 25 for a -network of IEC 60444-1). They are different from the spurious attenuation as computed from equation (3). NOTE The frequencies and attenuation values measured on a network analyzer ar

44、e different if the crystal resonator is connected to a load capacitor. See also note under 3.2.1.2. 3 Measurement methods The following measurement parameters are necessary and should be given in the detail specification: frequency range of the spurious resonances FR spurto be evaluated; level of dr

45、ive. Care must be taken in selecting a suitable measurement (sweep) time. 3.1 Method A (Full parameter determination) The measurement system consists of a -network or an s-parameter test fixture in accordance with IEC 60444-1 and IEC 604445 in conjunction with a network analyzer or an equivalent set

46、up. The admittance of the crystal is measured within the specified frequency range FR spur . The spurious resonances are isolated with the method of successive removal of resonances. From the admittance data, the equivalent circuit parameters of the various resonance modes are computed using one of

47、the evaluation procedures described in IEC 60444-5. 3.1.1 Measurement procedure The technique is described in more detail in 1 1 . The measurement sequence is as follows: a) measurement of the static capacitance C 0as in IEC 60444-5; 1Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. 60444-9 IEC

48、:2007 7 b) measurement of the main mode parameters (i = 1) as in IEC 60444-5, the resulting parameters are: series resonance frequency f s= f 1= 1 2 equivalent electrical parameters R 1 , C 1 , and L 1 , and quality factor Q = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R C R L Q = = (4) c) measurement of the complex admittanc

49、e Y res (f) in the specified frequency range FR spurMeasurement parameters: Assuming Q 2 , Q 3 , Q n Q 1(5) the minimum settling time t setfor each frequency is: t set= 1 1 Q (6) For at least two data points within the resonance bandwidth, the minimum number of data points N is N = spur 1 FR 2 Q (7) The minimum sweep time t swpis then t swp= t set N (8) NOTE If neces

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