1、 IEC 60544-1 Edition 3.0 2013-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry Matriaux isolants lectriques Dtermination des effets des rayonnements ionisants Partie 1: Intera
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16、60544-1 Edition 3.0 2013-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry Matriaux isolants lectriques Dtermination des effets des rayonnements ionisants Partie 1: Interaction
17、 des rayonnements et dosimtrie INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE V ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-83220-894-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique
18、 Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 60544-1 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Te
19、rms and definitions . 7 4 Radiation-induced changes and their evaluation . 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Permanent changes 9 4.3 Environmental conditions and material geometry . 9 4.4 Post-irradiation effects 9 4.5 Temporary effects . 9 5 Facilities for irradiation of material samples for evaluation of prop
20、erties . 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Gamma-ray irradiators . 10 5.3 Electron-beam irradiators 10 5.4 X-ray (Bremsstrahlung) irradiators . 11 6 Dosimetry methods . 11 6.1 General . 11 6.2 Absolute dosimetry methods 12 6.2.1 Gamma-rays 12 6.2.2 Electron beams . 12 6.3 Dosimetry systems 12 6.3.1 Reference
21、standard dosimetry systems . 12 6.3.2 Routine dosimetry systems 13 6.3.3 Measurement uncertainty 14 6.3.4 Dosimeter calibration . 15 6.3.5 Dosimeter selection . 15 7 Characterization of irradiation facilities . 16 8 Dose mapping of samples for test . 16 8.1 Charged particle equilibrium 16 8.2 Depth-
22、dose distribution (limitations) 16 9 Monitoring of the irradiation 17 Annex A (informative) Radiation chemical aspects in interaction and dosimetry . 18 Bibliography 31 Figure A.1 Absorbed dose as a function of thickness . 19 Figure A.2 Absorber thickness for charged-particle equilibrium as a functi
23、on of energy for a material with an electron density of 3,3 1023cm-3(water). 20 Figure A.3 Thickness of water (1 g/cm3) as a function of photon energy for a given attenuation of unidirectional X-ray or -ray radiation . 21 Figure A.4 Typical depth-dose distribution in a homogeneous material obtained
24、with electron accelerators for radiation processing . 25 Figure A.5 Example of calculated results of energy deposition function, I(z), for a slab layer of polyethylene exposed to 1 MeV electron . 25 Figure A.6 Example of calculated results of energy deposition function, I(z), for typical organic ins
25、ulators exposed to 1 MeV electron 26 60544-1 IEC:2013 3 Figure A.7 Two methods of arranging the irradiation samples in order to take into account the typical depth-dose distributions 27 Figure A.8 Methods of arranging the irradiation samples for measuring electron depth-dose distributions with a sta
26、ck of slab insulating materials and wedge-shape insulating materials . 28 Figure A.9 Scheme of radiation effects of polymers 29 Table 1 Examples of reference standard dosimeters 13 Table 2 Examples of routine dosimeter systems . 14 Table A.1 Electron mass collision stopping powers, S/ (MeV cm2/g) .
27、23 Table A.2 Photon mass energy absorption coefficients, en/ (cm2/g) 24 4 60544-1 IEC:2013 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry FOREWORD 1) The International Electrot
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37、IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
38、IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60544-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 112: Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems. This
39、 third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1994 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) recent advances in simulation methods of radiation interaction with different matt
40、er enables the prediction of the energy-deposition profile in matter and design the irradiation procedure; b) many new dosimetry systems have become available. 60544-1 IEC:2013 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 112/254/FDIS 112/262/RVD Full inform
41、ation on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 60544 series, published under the general title Electrical insu
42、lating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the
43、specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 60544-1 IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION The establishment of suitable criteria for the evaluation of the radiation resistance of insulating materials is very complex, since such cri
44、teria depend upon the conditions under which the materials are used. For instance, if an insulated cable is flexed during a refuelling operation in a reactor, the service life will be that time during which the cable receives a radiation dose sufficient to reduce to a specified value one or more of
45、the relevant mechanical properties. Temperature of operation, composition of the surrounding atmosphere and the time interval during which the total dose is received (dose rate or flux) are important factors which also determine the rate and mechanisms of chemical changes. In some applications, temp
46、orary changes may be the limiting factor. Given this, it becomes necessary to define the radiation fields in which materials are exposed and the radiation dose subsequently absorbed by the material. It is also necessary to establish procedures for testing the mechanical and electrical properties of
47、materials which will define the radiation degradation and link those properties with application requirements in order to provide an appropriate classification system. 60544-1 IEC:2013 7 ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Part 1: Radiation interaction
48、and dosimetry 1 Scope This part of IEC 60544 deals broadly with the aspects to be considered in evaluating the effects of ionizing radiation on all types of organic insulating materials. It also provides, for X-rays, -rays, and electrons, a guide to dosimetry terminology, methods for dose measuremen
49、ts, testing carried out at irradiation facilities, evaluation and testing of material characteristics and properties, documenting the irradiation process. Dosimetry that might be carried out at locations of use of the material is not described in this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispe
