1、 IEC 60904-4 Edition 1.0 2009-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Photovoltaic devices Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for establishing calibration traceability Dispositifs photovoltaques Partie 4: Dispositifs solaires de rfrence Procdures pour tablir la traabilit de ltalonnage
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16、AQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 60904-4 Edition 1.0 2009-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Photovoltaic devices Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for establishing calibration traceability Dispositifs phot
17、ovoltaques Partie 4: Dispositifs solaires de rfrence Procdures pour tablir la traabilit de ltalonnage INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE T ICS 27.160 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 2-8318-1044-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical C
18、ommission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 60904-4 IEC:2009 CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Requirements for traceable calibration procedures of PV reference solar devices 7 5 Uncertainty analysis .8 6 Cali
19、bration report8 7 Marking 8 Annex A (informative) Examples of validated calibration procedures10 Bibliography24 Figure 1 Schematic of most common reference instruments and transfer methods used in the traceability chains for solar irradiance detectors. 7 Figure A.1 Block diagram of differential spec
20、tral responsivity calibration superimposing chopped monochromatic radiation DE(l) and DC bias radiation E b 18 Figure A.2 Optical arrangement of differential spectral responsivity calibration. .19 Figure A.3 Schematic apparatus of the solar simulator method. .21 Table 1 Examples of reference instrum
21、ents, used in a traceability chain of time and solar irradiance.7 Table A.1 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of global sunlight method 15 Table A.2 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a differential spectral responsivity calibration .18 Table A.3 Example of uncertainty components (k = 2)
22、 of a solar simulator method calibration.21 Table A.4 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a solar simulator method calibration when WRR traceable cavity radiometer is used .21 Table A.5 Typical uncertainty components (k = 2) of a direct sunlight method 23 60904-4 IEC:2009 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECT
23、ROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for establishing calibration traceability FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC
24、National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, P
25、ublicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- go
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28、pted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote internatio
29、nal uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the la
30、tter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its
31、directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses ar
32、ising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention i
33、s drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60904-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic en
34、ergy systems. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: CDV Report on voting 82/533/CDV 82/561/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance
35、with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of IEC 60904 series, under the general title Photovoltaic devices, can be found on the IEC website. 4 60904-4 IEC:2009 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indi
36、cated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 60904-4 IEC:2009 5 PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES Part 4: Reference solar devices Procedures for est
37、ablishing calibration traceability 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60904 sets the requirements for calibration procedures intended to establish the traceability of photovoltaic reference solar devices to SI units as required by IEC 60904-2. This standard applies to photovoltaic (PV) reference so
38、lar devices that are used to measure the irradiance of natural or simulated sunlight for the purpose of quantifying the performance of PV devices. The use of a PV reference solar device is required in the application of IEC 60904-1 and IEC 60904-3. This standard has been written with single junction
39、 PV reference solar devices in mind, in particular crystalline Silicon. However, the main part of the standard is sufficiently general to include other technologies. The methods described in Annex A, however, are limited to single junction technologies. 2 Normative references The following reference
40、d documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60904-2, Photovoltaic devices Part 2: Requirements for reference sol
41、ar devices ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO 9059, Solar energy Calibration of field pyrheliometers by comparison to a reference pyrheliometer ISO 9846, Solar energy Calibration of a pyranometer using a pyrheliometer ISO/IEC Guide 98-3
42、: 2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE The different reference instruments for the traceability chain of solar irradiance a
43、re defined in this Clause. Table 1 lists and compares them with those in use for time. Figure 1 shows schematically the most common traceability chains, based on the methods described in Annex A. 3.1 primary standard a device, which implements physically one of the SI units or directly related quant
44、ities. They are usually maintained by national metrology institutes (NMIs) or similar organisations entrusted with maintenance of standards for physical quantities. Often referred to also just as the primary, the physical implementation is selected such that long-term stability, precision 6 60904-4
45、IEC:2009 and repeatability of measurement of the quantity it represents are guaranteed to the maximum extent possible by current technology. NOTE The World Radiometric Reference (WRR) as realized by the World Standard Group (WSG) of cavity radiometers is the accepted primary standard for the measure
46、ment of solar irradiance. 3.2 secondary standard a device, which by periodical comparison with a primary standard, serves to maintain conformity to SI units at other places than that of the primary standard. It does not necessarily use the same technical principles as the primary standard, but striv
47、es to achieve similar long- term stability, precision and repeatability. NOTE Typical secondary standards for solar irradiance are cavity radiometers which participate periodically (normally every 5 years) in the International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC) with the WSG. 3.3 primary reference the re
48、ference instrument which a laboratory uses to calibrate secondary references. It is compared at periodic intervals to a secondary standard. Often primary references can be realised at much lower costs than secondary standards. NOTE Typically a solar cell is used as a reference solar device for the m
49、easurement of natural or simulated solar irradiance. 3.4 secondary reference the measurement device in use for daily routine measurements or to calibrate working references, calibrated at periodic intervals to a primary reference. NOTE The most common secondary references for the measurement of natural or simulated solar irradiance are solar cells and solar modules. 3.5 traceab
