IEC 61145-1992 Calibration and usage of ionization chamber systems for assay of radionuclides《放射性核素分析用电离室系统的校准与使用》.pdf

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1、NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CE1 IEC 61145 Premire dition First edition 1992-05 Etalonnage et utilisation de systmes chambre dionisation pour le dosage des radionuclides Calibration and usage of ionization chamber systems for assay of radionuclides Numro de rfrence Reference number CE

2、I/IEC 61145: 1992 Numros des publications Numbering Depuis le ler janvier 1997, les publications de la CE1 sont numrotes partir de 60000. Publications consolides Les versions consolides de certaines publications de la CE1 incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par exemple, les numros ddition

3、1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la publication de base incorporant lamendement 1, et la publication de base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. Validit de la presente publication Le contenu technique des publications de la CE1 est constamment revu par la CE1 afin qui

4、l reflte ltat actuel de la technique. Des renseignements relatifs la date de reconfir- mation de la publication sont disponibles dans le Catalogue de la CEI. Les renseignements relatifs des questions ltude et des travaux en cours entrepris par le comit technique qui a tabli cette publication, ainsi

5、que la liste des publications tablies, se trouvent dans les documents ci- dessous: Site web de la CEI Catalogue des publications de la CE1 Publi annuellement et mis jour rgulirement (Catalogue en ligne)* Bulletin de la CE1 Disponible la fois au 4te web de la CEI* et comme priodique imprim Terminolog

6、ie, symboles graphiques et littraux En ce qui concerne la terminologie gnrale, le lecteur se reportera la CE1 60050: Vocabulaire Electro- technique International (VEI). Pour les symboles graphiques, les symboles littraux et les signes dusage gnral approuvs par la CEI, le lecteur consultera la CE1 60

7、027: Symboles littraux a utiliser en lectrotechnique, la CE1 6041 7: Symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matriel. Index, relev et compilation des feuilles individuelles, et la CE1 60617: Symboles graphiques pour schmas. As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in

8、the 60000 series. Consolidated publications Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are available. For example, edition numbers 1 .O, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incor- porating amendment 1 and the base publication incorp

9、orating amendments 1 and 2. Validity of this publication The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available in the IEC c

10、atalogue. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources: IEC web site* Catalogue of IEC publications Published yea

11、rly with regular updates (On-line catalogue)* Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical IEC Bulletin Terminology, graphical and letter symbols For general terminology, readers are referred to I EC 60050: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). For graphical symbols, an

12、d letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols f

13、or diagrams. See web site address on title page. * Voir adresse site web, sur la page de titre. NORME CE1 INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61145 Premire dition First edition 1992-05 Etalonnage et utilisation de systmes chambre dionisation pour le dosage des radionuclides Calibration and usa

14、ge of ionization chamber systems for assay of radionuclides O IEC 1992 Droits de reproduction rservs - Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd. lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photo-

15、copie et les microfilms, sans raccord crit de lditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and microfilm. without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission Te

16、lefax: +41 22 919 0300 3, rue de Varemb Geneva, Switzerland IEC web site http: /www.iec.ch e-mail: inmailiec.ch L CODE PRIX PRICE CODE Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission e MemnyHap

17、onHaR 3nenpoexlecna HOMHCCHR -2- SOMMAI RE 1145 0 CE1 Pages AVANT-PROPOS . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 Articles 1 Domaine dapplication . 8 2 Rfrences normatives 8 3 Dfinitions 8 4 Procdure . 10 4.1 Gnralits . 10 4.2 Etalonnage initial . 10 4.3 Sources talons . 12 4.4 Dosage . 12 4.6 Prcision et reproductibil

18、it . 14 4.5 Contrle des perormances . 12 5 Sources derreur . 16 6 Precautions 16 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Dosage dun radionuclide pour lequel aucun talon ou dispositif dtalonnage nest disponible Effets de non-linarit Impurets du radionuclide . Emetteurs de particules bta Emetteurs de photons

19、de basse nergie Radionuclides gazeux dissous . Rtention de radionuclides Sources simules 16 16 18 18 18 18 20 20 1145OIEC -3- CONTENTS Page FOREWORD . INTRODUCTION . Clause 1 Scope . 2 Normative references . 3 Definitions 4 Procedure 4.1 General 4.2 Initial calibration . 4.3 Standard sources 4.4 Ass

20、ay 4.5 Performance testing . 4.6 Accuracy and reproducibility . 5 Sources of error 6 Precautions 6.1 Assay of a radionuclide for which no standard or calibration setting is available . 6.2 Non-linearity effects 6.3 Radionuclidic impurities . 6.5 Low-energy-photon emitters . 6.6 Dissolved gaseous rad

21、ionuclides . 6.7 Plate-out of radionuclides 6.4 Beta-particle emitters . 5 7 9 9 9 11 11 11 13 13 13 15 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 21 6.8 Simulated sources 21 -4- 1145 0 CE1 DIS 45(BC)201 COMMISSION LECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE Rapport de vote Amendement au DIS Rapport de vote 45( BC)209 45( BC)21 O

22、45( BC)2 1 7 TALONNAGE ET UTILISATION DE SYSTMES CHAMBRE DIONISATION POUR LE DOSAGE DES RADIONUCLIDES AVANT-PROPOS 1) Les dcisions ou accords officiels de la CE1 en ce qui concerne les questions techniques, prpars par des Comits dEtudes o sont reprsents tous les Comits nationaux sintressant ces ques

23、tions, expriment dans la plus grande mesure possible un accord international sur les sujets examins. 2) Ces dcisions constituent des recommandations internationales et sont agres comme telles par les Comits nationaux. 3) Dans le but dencourager lunification internationale, la CE1 exprime le voeu que

24、 tous les Comits nationaux adoptent dans leurs rgles nationales le texte de la recommandation de la CEI, dans la mesure O les conditions nationales le permettent. Toute divergence entre la recommandation de la CE1 et la rgle nationale correspondante doit, dans la mesure du possible, tre indique en t

25、ermes clairs dans cette dernire. La prsente Norme internationale a t tablie par le Comit dEtudes no 45 de la CEI: Instrumentation nuclaire. Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants: Les rapports de vote indiqus dans le tableau ci-dessus donnent toute information sur le vote ayant abou

26、ti lapprobation de cette norme. 1145 IEC -5- DIS Report on Voting Amendment to DIS 45( C0)20 1 45(C0)209 45(C0)210 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION Report on Voting 45(C0)217 CALIBRATION AND USAGE OF IONIZATION CHAMBER SYSTEMS FOR ASSAY OF RADIONUCLIDES FOREWORD 1) The formal decisions or a

27、greements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with. 2) They have the form of recommendatio

28、ns for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions

29、 will permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter. This International Standard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 45: Nuclear instrumentation. The text of this standard is base

30、d on the following documents: Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the Voting Reports indicated in the above table. -6- 1145 0 CE1 INTRODUCTION La gamme tendue dinstruments bass sur la calibration, dont lusage principal est le dosage de radionuclides en md

31、ecine nuclaire et dans dautres applications, montre le besoin dune norme pour uniformiser les techniques de mesures et dessais. De tels dispositifs sont des systmes composites constitus dune chambre dionisation couple par un circuit intgrateur des circuits lectroniques qui convertissent le courant d

32、ionisation en une information de sortie donne en units dactivit. Les principes de fonctionnement de la chambre dionisation sont bien connus et ne seront pas rpts ici. Une grande tendue de mesure dactivit et une bonne stabilit sont les caractristiques essentielles des chambres dionisation dans cette

33、application. Les avantages de ce type dappareil pour le dosage des radionuclides incluent les facilits dutilisation et dinterprtation. 1145 0 IEC -f- INTRODUCTION The wide range of calibrator-type instruments currently being used primarily for radio- nuclide assay in nuclear medicine and other appli

34、cations indicates the need for a standard for uniformity in measurement and test techniques. Such devices are composite systems consisting of an ionization chamber integrally coupled to appropriate electronic circuitry that converts the ionization current to a readout in units of activity. The princ

35、iples of oper- ation of the ionization chamber are well known and are not repeated here. Wide activity range and stability are useful characteristics of ionization chambers in this application. The advantages of this type of system for radionuclide assay include ease of use and i nt erpretat io n. -

36、8- 1145 0 CE1 TALONNAGE ET UTILISATION DE SYSTMES CHAMBRE DIONISATION POUR LE DOSAGE DES RADIONUCLIDES 1 Domaine dapplication La prsente Norme internationale couvre les techniques destines quantifier lactivit de radionuclides identifis en utilisant toute une varit de chambres dionisation actuelle- m

37、ent disponibles pour cette application. Lapplication de la norme est limite aux instruments qui comportent, comme dtecteurs, des chambres dionisation de type puits. Cette norme propose une mthode pour obtenir des mesures prcises +lo % et repro- ductibles +5 o/o prs (gnralement pour des sources de pl

38、us de 3,7 x lo6 Bq (100 ). 2 Rfrences normatives Les documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la rfrence qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la prsente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les ditions indiques taient en vigueur

39、. Tout document normatif est sujet rvision et les parties prenantes aux accords fonds sur la prsente Norme internationale sont invites rechercher la possibilit dappliquer les ditions les plus rcentes des documents normatifs indiqus ci-aprs. Les membres de la CE1 et de IISO possdent le registre des N

40、ormes internationales en vigueur. CE1 50(391): 1975, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) - Chapitre 39 1: Dtection et mesure par voie lectrique des rayonnements ionisants. CE1 583: 1977, Dimensions des tubes essai en verre ou en plastique pour mesures de la radioactivit. CE1 583A: 1981,

41、 Premier complment. 3 Dfinitions Pour les besoins de la prsente Norme internationale, les dfinitions suivantes sappliquent: 3.1 prcision: La prcision, habituellement dcrite en termes dincertitude totale, est lestimation de lcart possible par rapport la valeur indique. Lincertitude totale, telle quel

42、le est utilise dans cette norme, est trois fois lcart type de la somme des compo- santes de lerreur numres larticle 5 et de lincertitude de la mesure. II convient que toutes les incertitudes soient values en carts types. 3.2 activit: Quotient de dN par dt, o dN est le nombre de transitions nuclaires

43、 spontanes partir dun tat dnergie, attendues pendant lintervalle de temps dt. A = dN/dt (valeur absolue). VEI 391-03-01, modifi 1145 0 IEC -9- CALIBRATION AND USAGE OF IONIZATION CHAMBER SYSTEMS FOR ASSAY OF RADIONUCLIDES 1 Scope This International Standard covers the techniques for the quantificati

44、on of the activity of identified radionuclides using any of a variety of ionization chambers currently available for this purpose. The application of the standard is limited to instruments that incorporate well-type ionization chambers as detectors. This standard provides a method for obtaining meas

45、urements that are accurate to within -110 Oh and reproducible to within sr5 o/o (usually for sources of more than 3,7 x lo6 Bq (100 CiCi). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International St

46、andard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicat

47、ed below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Stan- dards. IEC 50(391): 1975, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 391: Detection and measurement of ionizing radiation by electric means. IEC 583: 1977, Dimensions of test tubes made of glass

48、 of plastics for radioactivity measurements. I EC 583A: 1981 , First supplement. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 accuracy: Accuracy, usually described in terms of overall uncertainty, is the esti- mate of the overall possible deviation from the stated value. As used in this standard, the overall uncertainty is three times the root-mean-square value of the combined error components as itemized in clause 5 and the random uncertainties of the measurement. All uncertainties should be estimated as standard deviatio

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