1、 IEC 62364 Edition 1.0 2013-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Hydraulic machines Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines Machines hydrauliques Guide relatif au traitement de lrosion hydro-abrasive des turbines Kaplan, Francis et Pelton IEC62
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16、NATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Hydraulic machines Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines Machines hydrauliques Guide relatif au traitement de lrosion hydro-abrasive des turbines Kaplan, Francis et Pelton INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
17、 COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XC ICS 23.100.10; 27.140 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-83220-829-8 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication f
18、rom an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. colourinside 2 62364 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Terms, definitions and symbols 8 Units . 8 2.1Terms, definitions and symbols . 9 2.23 Abr
19、asion rate 11 Theoretical model 11 3.1Introduction to the PL variable . 13 3.2Survey results . 15 3.3Reference model . 16 3.44 Design 17 General . 17 4.1Water conveyance system . 17 4.2Valve . 18 4.3General . 18 4.3.1Selection of abrasion resistant materials and coating 18 4.3.2Stainless steel overl
20、ays . 19 4.3.3Protection (closing) of the gap between housing and trunnion . 19 4.3.4Stops located outside the valve . 19 4.3.5Proper capacity of inlet valve operator . 19 4.3.6Increase bypass size to allow higher guide vane leakage 19 4.3.7Bypass system design . 20 4.3.8Turbine 20 4.4General . 20 4
21、4.1Hydraulic design 20 4.4.2Mechanical design . 22 4.4.3Operation 28 4.4.4Spares and regular inspections . 29 4.4.5Particle sampling and monitoring . 29 4.4.65 Abrasion resistant materials . 30 Guidelines concerning relative abrasion resistance of materials including 5.1abrasion resistant coatings
22、30 General . 30 5.1.1Discussion and conclusions . 31 5.1.2Guidelines concerning maintainability of abrasion resistant coating materials 32 5.2Definition of terms used in this sublcause 32 5.2.1Time between overhaul for protective coatings 32 5.2.2Maintenance of protective coatings 33 5.2.36 Guidelin
23、es on insertions into specifications 34 General . 34 6.1Properties of particles going through the turbine 35 6.2Size distribution of particles 35 6.3Mineral composition of particles for each of the above mentioned periods . 36 6.4Annex A (informative) PL calculation example 37 Annex B (informative)
24、Measuring and recording abrasion damages . 39 62364 IEC:2013 3 Annex C (informative) Water sampling procedure 52 Annex D (informative) Procedures for analysis of particle concentration, size, hardness and shape . 53 Annex E (informative) Tests of abrasion resistant materials . 56 Annex F (informativ
25、e) Typical criteria to determine overhaul time due to abrasion erosion . 67 Annex G (informative) Example to calculate the amount of erosion in the full model 68 Annex H (informative) Examples to calculate the TBO in the reference model 70 Bibliography 73 Figure 1 Estimation of the characteristic ve
26、locities in guide vanes, Wgv, and runner, Wrun, as a function of turbine specific speed 13 Figure 2 Example of flow pattern in a Pelton injector at different load 14 Figure 3 Example of protection of transition area . 19 Figure 4 Runner blade overhang in refurbishment project 21 Figure 5 Example of
27、mouse-ear” cavitation on runner band 22 Figure 6 Detailed design of guide vane trunnion seals . 23 Figure 7 Example of fixing of facing plates from the dry side 25 Figure 8 Head cover balancing pipes with bends 26 Figure 9 Step labyrinth with optimized shape for hard coating 28 Figure 10 Developmen
28、t of spiral pressure over time . 33 Figure D.1 Typical examples of particle geometry 55 Figure E.1 Schematic of test rig used for test 1 56 Figure E.2 ASTM test apparatus 58 Figure E.3 Test coupon 59 Figure E.4 Slurry pot test facility 60 Figure E.5 High velocity test rig . 61 Figure E.6 Samples are
29、 located on the rotating disk 62 Figure E.7 Comparison of two samples after testing . 62 Figure E.8 Whole test system of rotating disk 62 Figure E.9 Schematic of test rig used for test 8 64 Figure E.10 Testing of samples on hydro abrasive stand . 65 Figure E.11 Cover of disc 65 Figure E.12 Curve of
30、unit abrasion rate with circumference velocity for 3 kinds of materials . 66 Table 1 Data analysis of the supplied questionnaire . 16 Table 2 Overview over the feasibility for repair C . 33 Table 3 Form for properties of particles going through the turbine 35 Table 4 Form for size distribution of pa
31、rticles . 36 Table 5 Form for mineral composition of particles for each of the above mentioned periods . 36 Table A.1 Example of documenting sample tests . 37 Table A.2 Example of documenting sample results 38 Table B.1 Inspection record, runner blade inlet form 44 4 62364 IEC:2013 Table B.2 Inspect
32、ion record, runner blade outlet form 45 Table B.3 Inspection record, runner band form. 46 Table B.4 Inspection record, guide vanes form. 47 Table B.5 Inspection record, facing plates and covers form 48 Table B.6 Inspection record, upper stationary seal form . 49 Table B.7 Inspection record, upper ro
33、tating seal form 49 Table B.8 Inspection record, lower stationary seal form . 50 Table B.9 Inspection record, lower rotating seal form . 51 Table E.1 Relative wear resistance in laboratory test 1 57 Table E.2 Relative wear resistance in laboratory test 2 57 Table E.3 Relative wear resistance in labo
34、ratory test 3 58 Table E.4 Relative wear resistance in test 4 . 59 Table E.5 Results of test 60 Table E.6 Results of test 61 Table E.7 Results from test 63 Table E.8 Relative wear resistance in laboratory test 8 64 Table E.9 Results of relative wear resistance for some materials (U = 40m/s) 66 Table
35、 G.1 Calculations . 69 Table H.1 Pelton turbine calculation example . 70 Table H.2 Francis turbine calculation example . 71 62364 IEC:2013 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ HYDRAULIC MACHINES GUIDE FOR DEALING WITH HYDRO-ABRASIVE EROSION IN KAPLAN, FRANCIS, AND PELTON TURBINES FOREWORD 1
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46、ome of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62364 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 4: Hydraulic turbines. The text of this standard is based on
47、 the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 4/279/FDIS 4/283/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 6 62364 IEC:20
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49、evised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. 62364 IEC:2013 7 INTRODUCTION Many owners of hydroelectric plants co
