1、 IEC/TR 60919-1Edition 3.0 2010-05TECHNICAL REPORT Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters Part 1: Steady-state conditions IEC/TR60919-1:2010(E) colourinsideTHIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights re
2、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester.
3、If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cet
4、te publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la C
5、EI ou si vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence. IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varemb CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About IEC publicatio
6、ns The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a v
7、ariety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications. IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications rel
8、eased. Available on-line and also by email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the Internation
9、al Electrotechnical Vocabulary online. Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
10、IEC/TR 60919-1Edition 3.0 2010-05TECHNICAL REPORT Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters Part 1: Steady-state conditions INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XCICS 29.200; 29.240.99 PRICE CODEISBN 978-2-88910-968-5 Registered trademark of the I
11、nternational Electrotechnical Commission colourinside 2 TR 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.7 1 Scope.9 2 Normative references .10 3 Types of HVDC systems.11 3.1 General .11 3.2 HVDC back-to-back system.11 3.3 Monopolar earth return HVDC system .13 3.4 Monopolar metallic return HVDC system .15
12、3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system.16 3.6 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system.19 3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole .20 3.8 Converter transformer arrangements .20 3.9 DC switching considerations22 3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems 25 4 Environment information.29 5 Rated power, current a
13、nd voltage .31 5.1 Rated power31 5.1.1 General .31 5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line 32 5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system32 5.1.4 Direction of power flow 32 5.2 Rated current 32 5.3 Rated voltage32 6 Overload and equipment capability.33 6.1 Overload .33 6.2 Eq
14、uipment capability .33 6.2.1 General .33 6.2.2 Converter valve capability .34 6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors .34 6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment capability.34 6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability 35 7 Minimum power transfer and no-load
15、stand-by state .35 7.1 General .35 7.2 Minimum current35 7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation 35 7.4 No-load stand-by state 36 7.4.1 General .36 7.4.2 Converter transformers No-load stand-by .36 7.4.3 Converter valves No-load stand-by .36 7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation No-load stand-by 3
16、6 7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters No-load stand-by36 7.4.6 Auxiliary power system No-load stand-by36 7.4.7 Control and protection No-load stand-by.36 8 AC system36 8.1 General .36 TR 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) 3 8.2 AC voltage 37 8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage .37 8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range37 8.2.3 Nega
17、tive sequence voltage38 8.3 Frequency .38 8.3.1 Rated frequency 38 8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range38 8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation.38 8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency 38 8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency38 8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies38 8.6 Positive an
18、d zero-sequence surge impedance .39 8.7 Other sources of harmonics.39 8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) .39 9 Reactive power.39 9.1 General .39 9.2 Conventional HVDC systems.39 9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes .41 9.4 Converter reactive power consumption41 9.5 Reactive pow
19、er balance with the a.c. system.41 9.6 Reactive power supply 42 9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks42 10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode.42 10.1 General .42 10.2 Overhead line(s)42 10.2.1 General .42 10.2.2 Electrical parameters.43 10.3 Cable line(s)43 10.3.1 Ge
20、neral .43 10.3.2 Electrical parameters.43 10.4 Earth electrode line .44 10.5 Earth electrode44 11 Reliability .44 11.1 General .44 11.2 Outage 44 11.2.1 General .44 11.2.2 Scheduled outage44 11.2.3 Forced outage .44 11.3 Capacity45 11.3.1 General .45 11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity Pm45 11.3.3 Ou
21、tage capacity Po45 11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) 45 11.4 Outage duration terms.45 11.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD)45 11.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD) .45 11.4.3 Period hours (PH)46 11.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH)46 11.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH) .46 4 TR 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) 11
22、.5 Energy unavailability (EU) .46 11.5.1 General .46 11.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU)47 11.5.3 Scheduled energy unavailability (SEU) 47 11.6 Energy availability (EA) .47 11.7 Maximum permitted number of forced outages 47 11.8 Statistical probability of outages47 11.8.1 Component faults 47 1
23、1.8.2 External faults .47 12 HVDC control .47 12.1 Control objectives47 12.2 Control structure .48 12.2.1 General .48 12.2.2 Converter unit firing control .48 12.2.3 Pole control .50 12.2.4 HVDC substation control .52 12.2.5 Master control .52 12.3 Control order settings53 12.4 Current limits.53 12.
24、5 Control circuit redundancy.53 12.6 Measurements.53 13 Telecommunication 54 13.1 Types of telecommunication links 54 13.2 Telephone .54 13.3 Power line carrier (PLC) 55 13.4 Microwave.55 13.5 Radio link 55 13.6 Optical fibre telecommunication.55 13.7 Classification of data to be transmitted56 13.8
25、Fast response telecommunication .56 13.9 Reliability 57 14 Auxiliary power supplies .57 14.1 General .57 14.2 Reliability and load classification.57 14.3 AC auxiliary supplies.58 14.4 Batteries and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) .58 14.5 Emergency supply.59 15 Audible noise59 15.1 General .59
26、15.2 Public nuisance .60 15.2.1 General .60 15.2.2 Valves and valve coolers .60 15.2.3 Converter transformers60 15.2.4 DC reactors .60 15.2.5 AC filter reactors .61 15.3 Noise in working areas 61 16 Harmonic interference AC61 16.1 AC side harmonic generation.61 TR 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) 5 16.2 Filters6
27、1 16.3 Interference disturbance criteria 65 16.4 Levels for interference.66 16.5 Filter performance .67 17 Harmonic interference DC .67 17.1 DC side interference67 17.1.1 Harmonic currents in HVDC transmission line67 17.1.2 Characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics67 17.1.3 Groups of harmonics
28、 .68 17.1.4 Calculation of harmonic currents .68 17.1.5 Calculation of induced voltages .68 17.1.6 Personnel safety68 17.1.7 DC filters .68 17.2 DC filter performance 69 17.2.1 Requirements for voice communication circuits .69 17.2.2 Levels of interference 69 17.2.3 Safety70 17.3 Specification requi
29、rements 70 17.3.1 Economic level of filtering70 17.3.2 General criteria71 17.3.3 Factors to be taken into account for calculations .71 17.3.4 Calculation of currents.72 18 Power line carrier interference (PLC)73 18.1 General .73 18.2 Performance specification .73 19 Radio interference 74 19.1 Radio
30、interference (RI) from HVDC systems74 19.1.1 RI sources.74 19.1.2 RI characteristics.75 19.2 RI performance specification .75 20 Power losses76 20.1 General .76 20.2 Main contributing sources76 20.2.1 General .76 20.2.2 AC filters and reactive power compensation 77 20.2.3 Converter bridges77 20.2.4
31、Converter transformer .77 20.2.5 DC reactor.77 20.2.6 DC filter.77 20.2.7 Auxiliary equipment .77 20.2.8 Other components .77 21 Provision for extensions to the HVDC systems .77 21.1 General .77 21.2 Specification for extensions.78 Bibliography80 Figure 1 Twelve-pulse converter unit .9 Figure 2 Exam
32、ples of back-to-back HVDC systems12 6 TR 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) Figure 3 Monopolar earth return system.13 Figure 4 Two 12-pulse units in series.14 Figure 5 Two 12-pulse units in parallel.15 Figure 6 Monopolar metallic return system.16 Figure 7 Bipolar system .17 Figure 8 Metallic return operation of th
33、e unfaulted pole in a bipolar system18 Figure 9 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system19 Figure 10 Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in series per pole .21 Figure 11 Bipolar system with two 12-pulse units in parallel per pole .22 Figure 12 DC switching of line conductors .23 Figure 13 DC switching
34、 of converter poles .24 Figure 14 DC switching Overhead line to cable .25 Figure 15 DC switching Two-bipolar converters and lines26 Figure 16 DC switching Intermediate.27 Figure 17 Capacitor commutated converter configurations .28 Figure 18 Variations of reactive power Q with active power P of an HV
35、DC converter40 Figure 19 Control hierarchy50 Figure 20 Converter voltage-current characteristic .52 Figure 21 Examples of a.c. filter connections for a bipole HVDC system 63 Figure 22 Circuit diagrams for different filter types.64 Figure 23 RY COM noise meter results averaged Typical plot of convert
36、er noise levels on the d.c. line corrected and normalized to 3 kHz bandwidth 0 dBm = 0,775 V 74 Figure 24 Extension methods for HVDC systems .79 Table 1 Information supplied for HVDC substation .29 Table 2 Performance parameters for voice communication circuits: Subscribers and trunk circuits .69 TR
37、 60919-1 IEC:2010(E) 7 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) SYSTEMS WITH LINE-COMMUTATED CONVERTERS Part 1: Steady-state conditions FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization
38、 comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International
39、 Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
40、 preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two o
41、rganizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the f
42、orm of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpre
43、tation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or
44、regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried
45、out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committ
46、ees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to t
47、he Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be hel
48、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally pu
49、blished as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 60919-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC technical committee 22: Power electronic systems and equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This ed
