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10、/TR 62581 Edition 1.0 2010-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Electrical steel Methods of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics by means of single sheet and Epstein test specimens INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION X ICS 29.030 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-101-4 Registered trademark of the Inte
11、rnational Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.7 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references .8 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Method of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics of electrical steel sheets under applied stress by means of a single sheet te
12、ster9 4.1 Principle of the method9 4.2 Test specimen.11 4.3 Yokes12 4.4 Windings .13 4.5 Air flux compensation14 4.6 Power supply.14 4.7 Optical sensor .14 4.8 Stressing device15 4.9 Data acquisitions.15 4.10 Data processing 16 4.11 Preparation for measurement 16 4.12 Adjustment of power supply.17 4
13、.13 Measurement 17 4.14 Determination of the butterfly loop.20 4.15 Determinations of the zero-to-peak and peak-to-peak values.20 4.16 Reproducibility 20 5 Examples of the measurement systems20 5.1 Single sheet tester 20 5.2 Epstein strip tester 25 6 Examples of measurement .26 6.1 Magnetostriction
14、without external stress26 6.2 Magnetostriction under applied stress .27 6.3 Variation of magnetostriction with coating tension .30 6.4 Factors affecting precision and reproducibility.34 6.4.1 General .34 6.4.2 Overlap length between test specimen and yoke .34 6.4.3 The averaging effect on environmen
15、tal noise.34 6.4.4 Gap between test specimen and yoke34 6.4.5 Resetting the test specimen.35 7 Methods of evaluation of the magnetostriction behaviour36 7.1 Relationship between magnetostriction and magnetic domain structure.36 7.2 A simple model of magnetostriction behaviour.37 Annex A (informative
16、) Requirements concerning the prevention of out-of-plane deformations.40 Annex B (informative) Application of retained stress model to measured stress shifts 42 Annex C (informative) A-weighted magnetostriction characteristics 45 Bibliography48 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 3 Figure 1 Measurement systems for
17、 magnetostriction9 Figure 2 Section of the test frame; A-A in Figure 110 Figure 3 Block diagram of the measurement system 10 Figure 4 Frames with various types of yoke .13 Figure 5 Base length 0 l for various types of frame (see Figure 4) 18 Figure 6 Butterfly loop and determinations of zero-to-peak
18、 and peak-to-peak values of magnetostriction .20 Figure 7 Measurement system using a Michelson interferometer; differential measurement 1.21 Figure 8 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer; differential measurement 2, 3, 17.21 Figure 9 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer
19、; differential measurement 4,523 Figure 10 Measurement system using a laser displacement meter; single point measurement 7.23 Figure 11 Measurement system using a laser displacement meter; single point measurement 6.24 Figure 12 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer; single point measu
20、rement 8.24 Figure 13 Schematic diagram of an automated system using accelerometer sensors 12 25 Figure 14 Example of measured results for high permeability grain-oriented electrical steel of 0,3 mm thick sheet; at 1,3 T, 1,5 T, 1,7 T, 1,8 T and 1,9 T, 50 Hz 229 Figure 15 Increase in magnetostrictio
21、n with compressive stress in the rolling direction; at 1,5 T, 1,7 T and 1,9 T, 50 Hz 2 .29 Figure 16 Typical zero-to-peak magnetostriction versus applied stress for high permeability grain-oriented electrical steel sheet at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 1229 Figure 17 Stress sensitivity of magnetostriction and perme
22、ability in a typical fully processed sample 1230 Figure 18 Typical harmonics of magnetostriction versus applied stress for conventional grain-oriented electrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 12 30 Figure 19 Variation of maximum magnetostriction under compressive stress in high permeability grain-oriented e
23、lectrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20 .31 Figure 20 Variation of maximum magnetostriction under compressive stress in conventional grain-oriented electrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20 31 Figure 21 Magnetostriction versus stress characteristics in the rolling direction of conventional grain-oriented elect
24、rical steel before and after coating removal at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20.31 Figure 22 Magnetostriction versus stress characteristics in the transverse direction of conventional grain-oriented electrical steel before and after coating removal at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20.31 Figure 23 Magnetostriction versus peak value
25、of magnetic polarization for high permeability 0,30 mm grain-oriented electrical steel sheets with three different coatings; external stress was not applied 1733 Figure 24 Magnetostriction versus peak value of magnetic polarization for high permeability 0,30 mm grain-oriented electrical steel sheets
26、 with three different coatings; external compressive stress of 3 MPa was applied in the rolling direction 17 33 Figure 25 Effects of overlap length on the reproducibility of measurement 4 34 Figure 26 Effect of averaging number on reduction of the error caused by the environmental noise 5.34 4 TR 62
27、581 IEC:2010(E) Figure 27 Effect of gap between the test specimen and the yoke on the reproducibility of measurement; the test specimen was reset at every measurement 5 35 Figure 28 Effect of reset of the test specimen on the reproducibility of measurement; the gap distance was 1,2 mm 535 Figure 29
28、Magnetic domain patterns on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 2 36 Figure 30 Schematic diagrams for explanation of magnetic domains and magnetostriction 2,17 .36 Figure 31 Separation of the different features of peak-to-peak magnetostriction according to the proposed model 27 .38 Figure 32 Mea
29、sured peak-to-peak and zero-to-peak magnetostriction of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with fitted curves according to the proposed model 27 .38 Figure 33 Effect of coating tension on sp m J curves; sp is the normalized value of zero-to-peak magnetostriction to the value at saturation polar
30、ization 17 .39 Figure 34 Effect of laser irradiation on sp m J curves; sp is the normalized value of zero-to-peak magnetostriction to the value at saturation polarization 17 .39 Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of out-of-plane deformation of test specimen (length m l ) with radius r .41 Figure A.2 Error
31、s in length change of the test specimen m / l l versus out-of-plane deformation distance d .41 Figure B.1 Variation of coating stress with coating thickness for forsterite and phosphate coating 2044 Figure C.1 Frequency response of the acoustic A-weighting filter, specified in IEC 61672-1 .45 Figure
32、 C.2 A-weighted magnetostriction acceleration levels of CGO-0,30 mm and HGO-0,30 mm materials .47 Table B.1 Measured stress shifts for two stage coating removal 43 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTRICAL STEEL METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF THE MAGNETOSTRICTION CHARA
33、CTERISTICS BY MEANS OF SINGLE SHEET AND EPSTEIN TEST SPECIMENS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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44、onal Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62581, which is a technical report, has been prepare
45、d by IEC technical committee 68: Magnetic alloys and steels. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 68/411/DTR 68/414/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indic
46、ated in the above table. 6 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.
47、ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 7 INTRODUCTION Magnetostriction is one of the magn
48、etic properties that accompany ferromagnetism. It causes reversible deformations of a material body due to magnetization arising from an applied magnetic field. Nowadays, the environmental problem of acoustic noise pollution caused by transformers and other applications of electrical steels (e.g. ba
49、llast, motors, etc.) is a concern of industry 31 1 . Magnetostriction of electrical steels is recognized as one of the causes of the problem and a standardization of methods of measurement of the magnetostriction is required to advance developments in materials to address this problem. Historically, several methods have been use
