1、 IEC/TR 62837 Edition 1.0 2013-09 TECHNICAL REPORT Energy efficiency through automation systems IEC/TR 62837:2013(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be repro
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9、CS 25.040; 27.010 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1115-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 6 INTRODUCTION . 8 1 Scope 9 2 Norm
10、ative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 9 3.1 Energy . 9 3.2 Energy use and energy consumption 10 3.3 Energy efficiency . 11 3.4 Energy performance . 13 3.5 Energy management 13 3.6 Automation process equipment 13 3.7 Automation system. 14 4 Abbreviations and alphabetical index . 15 4.1 Abbreviat
11、ed terms 15 4.2 Alphabetical index of terms 16 5 Generic models . 18 5.1 Functional hierarchy of production systems 18 5.2 Functions in level 4 19 5.3 Functions in level 3 or lower. 19 5.4 Application function and automation function . 20 6 Generic tools and methods 22 6.1 Organisational issues . 22
12、 6.2 Energy managed unit (EMU) 22 6.3 General recommendations . 23 6.3.1 Architecture of energy sourcing 23 6.3.2 Managed energy efficiency . 24 6.3.3 Low power states 25 6.3.4 Standardised component interface 25 6.3.5 Control systems 25 6.3.6 Classification and energy labels for components and syst
13、ems 26 6.3.7 Simulation of systems and components 26 6.4 Key performance indicators (KPIs) for energy efficiency. 27 6.4.1 Basics for defining KPIs for energy efficiency . 27 6.4.2 Recommendations for defining KPIs for energy efficiency . 30 6.4.3 Guidelines for defining KPIs 31 7 Applications . 38
14、7.1 The application point of view 38 7.1.1 Energy consumption in industry 38 7.1.2 Characteristics of production processes 40 7.2 Discrete manufacturing 40 7.2.1 Description . 40 7.2.2 Recommendations for discrete manufacturing . 42 7.3 Process industry 43 7.3.1 Description . 43 7.3.2 General recomm
15、endations for the process industry. 44 7.3.3 Existing standards 45 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) 3 7.3.4 Gaps 45 7.3.5 Specific recommendations 45 7.4 Support functions . 46 7.4.1 General 46 7.4.2 Building automation and facility management . 46 8 Components 46 8.1 The component specific view . 46 8.2 Actuat
16、ors . 47 8.2.1 Electrical drives: regulate or self-learn optimal energy efficiency 47 8.2.2 Electrical drives: standardised intermediate current link 47 Annex A (informative) System boundary 48 Annex B (informative) Current approaches for KPIs for energy efficiency . 51 B.1 Existing KPIs . 51 B.2 KP
17、Is for components 51 B.3 KPIs for products . 51 B.4 KPIs for systems 52 B.5 Target values of KPI by industry sectors in Japan 52 B.6 How to measure the energy consumed to produce a product 54 Annex C (informative) Energy baseline model 56 C.1 Guidelines for the creation and usage of an energy baseli
18、ne model . 56 C.2 Examples of a facility energy baseline model . 57 C.2.1 General 57 C.2.2 Cooling water pump with parallel pumping control 57 C.2.3 Cooling water pumps with variable frequency AC drive . 58 Annex D (informative) Energy labels 60 D.1 Examples of energy labels . 60 D.2 Energy label fo
19、r electrical motors . 60 Annex E (informative) “RENKEI” control . 61 E.1 Background of “RENKEI” control 61 E.2 “RENKEI” control . 61 Annex F (informative) Measurement and control technologies that support energy efficiency improvement . 64 F.1 Technologies to improve energy efficiency . 64 F.2 Detec
20、tion of air leakage . 64 F.3 Control valves 65 F.4 Control loop performance improvements 66 F.5 Combustion control 67 F.6 Advanced process control (APC) 68 F.7 Air supply pressure control. 70 F.8 Steam header pressure control 70 F.9 Optimal operational planning system 71 F.10 Analytical sensors 72 B
21、ibliography 74 Figure 1 Functional hierarchy of production systems according to IEC 62264 18 Figure 2 Energy functions mapped over the functional hierarchy levels (IEC 62264) 19 Figure 3 Structural overview of automated industrial plants 21 4 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) Figure 4 Plant application with auto
22、mation assets 22 Figure 5 Energy managed unit (EMU) 23 Figure 6 Start up phase of a system and its power consumption 27 Figure 7 Creation of an energy baseline model 28 Figure 8 Measurement of energy savings . 28 Figure 9 KPI and its driving factor 30 Figure 10 Characteristics of the energy baseline
23、 model . 33 Figure 11 Production system hierarchy 34 Figure 12 Energy consumption characteristics of equipment 35 Figure 13 Model of automotive production 41 Figure 14 Supervisory control 43 Figure A.1 Unit process model . 48 Figure A.2 Unit process model dealing with the direct and indirect influen
24、ces 49 Figure A.3 Process units in the definition and context of plants 49 Figure A.4 Typical expanded equipment hierarchy . 50 Figure B.1 Product production process 55 Figure B.2 Production process flow 55 Figure C.1 Energy baseline model . 56 Figure C.2 Cooling water pump facility with parallel pu
25、mping control 58 Figure C.3 Cooling water pumps with variable frequency AC drive . 59 Figure D.1 Examples of energy labels 60 Figure E.1 “RENKEI” control 62 Figure E.2 “RENKEI” control detail . 62 Figure E.3 Energy flow in a factory 63 Figure F.1 Components and automation functions 64 Figure F.2 Pip
26、e air leaks 65 Figure F.3 Structure of control valve 66 Figure F.4 Control loop performance improvements . 66 Figure F.5 The effects of control performance analysis and tuning . 67 Figure F.6 Relationship between air-fuel ratio and heat efficiency (combustion) . 67 Figure F.7 CO and O 2control syste
27、m for combustion furnace 68 Figure F.8 APC 69 Figure F.9 Example of APC application for distillation column 70 Figure F.10 Air supply pressure control by pressure transmitter and compressor . 70 Figure F.11 Control of steam header pressure by means of compressor quantity control 71 Figure F.12 Optim
28、al operational planning system . 72 Figure F.13 Coal gasification plant . 73 Table 1 Guideline for EMU energy data 29 Table 2 Guideline to define KPIs for EMU 36 Table 3 Guideline for the definition of KPIs for products . 37 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) 5 Table 4 KPI description based on ISO 22400-2 model 3
29、8 Table 5 Characteristics of production processes 40 Table B.1 Target values of KPI by industry sectors in Japan 53 Table C.1 Guidelines for defining an energy baseline model 57 Table F.1 Pipe air leaks detected by ultrasonic sensing device 65 6 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL CO
30、MMISSION _ ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH AUTOMATION SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-oper
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41、tandards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62837, which is a technical report, has been prepared by I
42、EC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 65/513/DTR 65/517/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
43、report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) 7 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site unde
44、r “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover pag
45、e of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. 8 TR 62837 IEC:2013(E) INTRODUCTION Energy efficiency has received an ever growing attention wo
46、rldwide since it is considered a major lever to help secure a sustainable society in view of climate change, growing population and security of supply 1 1 . Additionally the sustainability and conservation of resources need to be considered. Automation is the enabler of measures, solutions and syste
47、ms for demand/response and energy efficiency. In the context of this TR we will only consider energy efficiency. IEC and ISO have both identified energy efficiency as one of their main areas of activity. The current focus of the Standard Development Organisations (SDO) is harmonised terminology, cal
48、culation methods, indicators, energy management systems and standards for assessment and ratings (e.g. for buildings and industrial plants). For this purpose IEC SMB Decision 128/20 “New initiatives for IEC” work endorsed the SMB Strategic Group 1 on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This stra
49、tegic group has since then developed 34 recommendations for future work in different domains. The three following recommendations cover the area of automation: Recommendation #7: IEC/TC 2, SC 22G and TC 65 together with ISO/TC 184 should develop guidelines for the design and operation of energy efficient systems in the field of industrial automation and industrial process control from a system point of view. Recomm
