1、 IEC/TS 62727 Edition 1.0 2012-05 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Photovoltaic systems Specifications for solar trackers IEC/TS 62727:2012(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publica
2、tion may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an en
3、quiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varemb Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 CH-1211 Geneva 20 infoiec.ch Switzerland www.iec.ch Abou
4、t the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review
5、 by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Useful links: IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical co
6、mmittee,). It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details all new publications released. Available on-line and also once a month by email. Electropedia
7、- www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line. Customer S
8、ervice Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC/TS 62727 Edition 1.0 2012-05 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Photovoltaic systems Specifications for solar trackers INTERNATIONA
9、L ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION U ICS 27.160 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-122-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 1 Scope
10、and object 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 2.1 Photovoltaics (PV) . 7 2.2 Concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) 7 2.3 Concentrator module (CPV module) 7 2.4 Concentrator assembly 8 3 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications 8 3.1 Specification template . 8 4 Tracker definitions and taxonomy .
11、 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Payload types 10 4.2.1 Standard photovoltaic (PV) module trackers 10 4.2.2 Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) module trackers . 11 4.3 Rotational axes . 11 4.3.1 Single axis trackers . 11 4.3.2 Dual axis trackers 12 4.4 Actuation and control . 14 4.4.1 Architecture . 14 4.4.2 D
12、rive types 14 4.5 Types of tracker control . 15 4.5.1 Passive control 15 4.5.2 Active control. 15 4.5.3 Backtracking 15 4.6 Structural characteristics . 16 4.6.1 Vertical supports 16 4.6.2 Foundation types . 16 4.6.3 Tracker positions . 17 4.6.4 Stow time 17 4.7 Energy consumption 17 4.7.1 Daily ene
13、rgy consumption 17 4.7.2 Stow energy consumption 18 4.8 External elements and interfaces . 18 4.8.1 Foundation 18 4.8.2 Foundation interface 18 4.8.3 Payload . 18 4.8.4 Payload interface . 18 4.8.5 Payload mechanical interface 18 4.8.6 Payload electrical interface 18 4.8.7 Grounding interface . 18 4
14、.8.8 Installation effort 18 4.8.9 Control interface 19 4.9 Internal tolerances . 19 4.9.1 Primary axis tolerance . 19 4.9.2 Secondary axis tolerance 20 4.10 Tracker system elements . 20 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 3 4.10.1 Mechanical structure . 20 4.10.2 Tracker controller 20 4.10.3 Sensors . 20 4.11 Reli
15、ability terminology . 20 4.11.1 Mean time between failures (MTBF) 20 4.11.2 Mean time between critical failures (MTBCF) . 21 4.11.3 Mean time to repair (MTTR) . 21 4.12 Environmental conditions 21 4.12.1 Operating temperature range . 21 4.12.2 Survival temperature range 21 4.12.3 Maximum wind during
16、 operation 21 4.12.4 Maximum wind during stow 21 4.12.5 Snow load . 21 4.13 Functional tests . 22 4.13.1 Static load test 22 4.13.2 Moment testing 22 4.13.3 Limit switch operation 22 4.13.4 Manual operation . 22 5 Tracker accuracy characterization 22 5.1 Overview . 22 5.2 Pointing error (instantaneo
17、us) . 22 5.3 Measurement 23 5.3.1 Overview . 23 5.3.2 Example of experimental method to measure pointing error . 23 5.3.3 Calibration of pointing error measurement tool 24 5.4 Calculation of tracker accuracy 24 5.4.1 Overview . 24 5.4.2 Data collection . 25 5.4.3 Data binning by wind speed . 25 5.4.
18、4 Data filtering 26 5.4.5 Data quantity . 26 5.4.6 Accuracy calculations 26 6 Mechanical characterization . 27 6.1 General . 27 6.2 Backlash . 27 6.3 Stiffness 27 7 Reliability testing 28 7.1 Corrosion 28 7.2 Component durability. 28 7.3 Extreme conditions tests . 28 8 Additional optional accuracy c
19、alculations 28 8.1 Typical tracking accuracy range 28 8.2 Tracking error histogram . 29 8.3 Percent of available irradiance as a function of pointing error 29 Figure 1 = Altitude angle = 0 (zenith angle = 90) occurs when a vector normal to the module face is pointing to the horizon. Altitude angle =
20、 90 (zenith angle = 0) occurs when the module is facing the sky . 13 Figure 2 Illustration of primary axis tolerance for a polar tracking axis . 19 4 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) Figure 3 General illustration of pointing error . 23 Figure 4 Two flat parallel plates at a specified distance, one having a pin
21、hole for sunlight to be tracked on specified-diameter circles that ultimately measure 0,1, 0,2, and 0,3 accuracy rings (more if necessary) . 24 Figure 5 Pointing error frequency distribution for the entire test period . 29 Figure 6 Available irradiance as a function of pointing error . 30 Figure 7 A
22、vailable irradiance as a function of pointing error with binning by wind speed . 30 Table 1 Tracker specification template . 8 Table 2 Alternate tracking accuracy reporting template 27 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOLAR TR
23、ACKERS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization
24、 in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entr
25、usted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the Inter
26、national Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since
27、each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of
28、 IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in
29、their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity asse
30、ssment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, empl
31、oyees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of th
32、e publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the
33、possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technic
34、al committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but n
35、o immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62727, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC techn
36、ical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. 6 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/651/DTS 82/711/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found
37、 in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/websto
38、re.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour
39、 inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOL
40、AR TRACKERS 1 Scope and object This technical specification provides guidelines for the parameters to be specified for solar trackers for photovoltaic systems and provides recommendations for measurement techniques. No attempt is made to determine pass/fail criteria for trackers. The purpose of this
41、 test specification is to define the performance characteristics of trackers and describe the methods to calculate and/or measure critical parameters. This specification provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Each vendor can design, build, and specify the functionality
42、 and accuracy with uniform definition. This allows consistency in specifying the requirements for purchasing, comparing the products from different vendors, and verifying the quality of the products. In addition, this specification will clarify terminology and definitions for trackers and provide ex
43、amples of measurement techniques. This technical specification will be a foundation for other standards to follow, including (but not limited to) design qualification and reliability. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. For additional
44、 tracker-specific terminology, see Clause 5. 2.1 photovoltaics PV devices that use solar radiation to generate electrical energy 2.2 concentrating photovoltaics CPV devices that focus magnified sunlight on photovoltaics to generate electrical energy. The sunlight could be magnified by various differ
45、ent methods, such as reflective or refractive optics, in dish, trough, lens, or other configurations. 2.3 concentrator module CPV module a group of receivers (PV cells mounted in some way), optics, and other related components, such as interconnections and mechanical enclosures, integrated together
46、into a modular package. The module is typically assembled in a factory and shipped to an installation site to be installed along with other modules on a solar tracker. Note 1 to entry: A CPV module typically does not have a field-adjustable focus point. In addition, a module could be made of several
47、 sub-modules. The sub-module is a smaller, modular portion of the full-size module, which might be assembled into the full module either in a factory or in the field. 8 TS 62727 IEC:2012(E) 2.4 concentrator assembly a concentrator assembly consists of receivers, optics, and other related components
48、that have a field-adjustable focus point and are typically assembled and aligned in field EXAMPLE: A system that combines a single large dish with a receiver unit which must be aligned with the focal point of the disk. Note 1 to entry: This term is used to differentiate certain CPV designs from the
49、CPV modules mentioned above. 3 Specifications for solar trackers for PV applications a) Specification template All trackers complying with this specification should provide, as part of their product marking and documentation, a table in the form specified below (see Table 1). See later clauses and subclauses of this Technical Specification for further explanation of individual specifications. Some of the specifications within the table are optional; however, if a tracker man
