IEC 60510-2-1-1978 Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in satellite earth stations. Part 2 Measurements for sub-system Section One - General Sectio.pdf

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1、NORME CE1 INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 6051 0-2-1 1976 AMENDEMENT 7 AMENDMENT 1 1989-1 2 Amendement I Mthodes de mesure pour les quipements radiolectriques utiliss dans les stations terriennes de tlcommunication par satellites Partie 2: mesures sur les sous-ensembles Section un - Gnrali

2、ts Section deux - Antenne, ensemble dexcitation hyperfrquence inclus Amendment 1 Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in satellite earth stations Part 2: Measurements for sub-systems Section One - General Section Two - Antenna (including feed network) O IEC 1989 Droits de reproduction rse

3、rvs -Copyright - all rights reserved International Electrotechnical Commission Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmailiec.ch 3, rue de Varembe Geneva, Switzerland IEC web site http: /www.iec.ch G Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX International Electrotechnical Commission MernnyHap

4、oAHaR 3nepoexqecna HOMHCCMR PRICE CODE Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue O -2- Rgle des Six Mois 12ECBC1127 510-2-1 mod. 1 O CE1 Rapport de vote 12E( BC) 133 PREFACE La prsente modification a t tablie par le Sous-Comit 12E: Faisceaux hertziens et systmes fixes de

5、tlcommunication par satellite, du Comit dEtudes no 12 de la CEI: Radiocommunications. Le texte de cette modification est issu des documents suivants: Le rapport de vote indiqu dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute infor- mation sur le vote ayant abouti lapprobation de cette modification. Aprs la pag

6、e 50, ajouter la nouvelle annexe suivante: ANNEXE D LE DECOUPLAGE DE POLARISATION DES GRANDES ANTENNES D1. Domaine dapplication Cette annexe traite de la mesure du dcouplage de polarisation des grandes antennes de station terrienne aptes la rutilisation des frquences et dcrit une variante de la mtho

7、de indique au para- graphe 7.2. D2. Dfinition et gnralits Les mthodes de mesure du dcouplage de polarisation dcrites dans la prsente norme sont parfois inapplicables aux grandes antennes de station terrienne cause de la difficult de placer une antenne de mesure en zone loigne (rgion de Fraunhofer) u

8、ne hauteur suffi- sante pour que les rflexions sur le sol de la base dessai puissent tre ngliges. On utilise alors habituellement une mthode de mesure employant des satellites oprationnels. Cette mthode est simple, base seulement sur des mesures de puissance relatives, et donne une prcision de mesur

9、e acceptable condition que le dcouplage de polarisation de lantenne du satellite soit suffisant (voir appendice). Elle est presque toujours applicable aux satellites oprationnels existants, de sorte que cette mesure du dcouplage de polarisation utilisant comme source un satel- lite est devenue la mt

10、hode prfre. 510-2-1 Amend. 1 0 IEC Six Months Rule 12E(C0)127 -3- Report on Voting lZE(C01133 PREFACE This amendment has been prepared by Sub-Committee 12E: Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems, of IEC Technical Committee No. 12: Radiocommunications. The text of this amendment is b

11、ased on the following documents: Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the Voting Report indicated in the above table. After page 51, add the following new appendix: APPENDIX D THE CROSS-POLARIZATION DISCRIMINATION OF LARGE ANTENNAS D1. Scope This appendix

12、 is concerned with the measurement of cross-polariz- ation discrimination for large earth station antennas with frequency re-use capability, and describes an alternative to the method given in Sub-clause 7.2. D2. Definition and general considerations The methods of measurement of cross-polarization

13、discrimination described in this standard may be inadequate for large earth station antennas, because of the difficulty of locating a source antenna in the far-zone (Fraunhofer region) at such a height that ground reflections within the test range are negligible. in such cases, a method of measureme

14、nt using operational satellites is usually adopted and simple tests, which depend only on relative power (level) measurements, give an acceptable accuracy provided that the polarization purity of the satellite antenna is high enough (see annex). The method is simple and almost universally applicable

15、 with currently operating satellite systems, so that the measurement of the cross-polarization discrimination using a satellite source has become the prefer red tech n iq ue . -4- 510-2-1 mod. 1 0 CE1 Notes 1. 2. I1 convient que le dcouplage de polarisation soit mesur dans une fraction de la largeur

16、 du faisceau incluant au moins le domaine de fonctionnement du dispositif de pour- suite. De plusr comme le dcouplage de polarisation est fonction de la frquence, il convient, pour chaque accs de lantenne, deffectuer les mesures dans toute la bande de frquences dmission ou de rception. Dans le cas d

17、utilisation dun satellite oprationnel, la gamme de frquences utilisable pour les mesures peut se trouver limite. De plusr lorsque la polarisation est circulaire, il convient den vrifier le sens. D3. Mthode de mesure Les conditions de fonctionnement du satellite doivent permettre ltablissement dune b

18、oucle aux frquences radiolectriques la station terrienne o il faut effectuer la mesure. De plus, il convient de pouvoir mesurer indpendamment le dcouplage de polarisation de lantenne lmission et la rception. Le montage de mesure prfr est donn par la Figure 1. La station terrienne met vers le satelli

19、te une porteuse r.f. non module, et le signal reu “en boucle“ du satellite est mesur la station terrienne au moyen dun analyseur de spectre. Si lon dispose dun rcepteur accordable, lanalyseur de spectre peut aussi tre connect la sortie f.i. de ce dernier. Les paramtres de transmission devront tre rg

20、ls de manire que le satellite et la station terrienne travaillent tous les deux dans la rgion linaire de leur fonction de transfert. Les conditions de fonctionnement du satellite devront tre telles que seul le signal co-polaire puisse transiter par le rpteur. La p.i.r.e. de la station terrienne et l

21、a bande passante de lanalyseur de spectre devront tre telles que le rapport porteuse bruit soit au moins 45 dB, pour la mesure copolaire. Pour les systmes polarisation linaire, il convient de rgler la polarisation pendant lmission dans le sens contra-polaire, en tournant le polariseur de la station

22、terrienne de sorte obtenir un minimum. II convient que le rglage du polari- seur reste ensuite inchang. Si le rglage dpend de la frquence, il y a lieu de choisir celui qui donne le meilleur dcouplage de polarisation sur lensemble de la gamme de frquences. D3.1 Dcouplage de polarisation a lmission Un

23、e porteuse est mise en co-polarisation vers le satellite par Iinter- mdiaire de lamplificateur de puissance no 1 et on mesure la puissance (niveau) de la porteuse reue “en boucle“ la sortie de lamplificateur faible bruit no 1. La station terrienne met alors la mme puissance rayonne en contra-polaris

24、ation par lintermdiaire de lamplificateur de puissance no 2. Cest alors la composante de la porteuse contra-polaire qui est reue par lamplificateur faible bruit no 1. 510-2-1 Amend. 1 O IEC -5- Notes 1.- The antenna cross-polarization discrimination should be measured over an angular beamwidth exten

25、ding to at least the tracking beamwidth. Furthermore, since cross-polariz- ation discrimination varies with frequency, measurements across the whole transmit and receive bandwidths should be made at each polarization port. 2.- It should be noted that, when using operational satellites with circular

26、polarization, the sense of polarization should be verified. Also, the available test frequencies at which the tests may be carried out may be limited. D3. Method of measurement The satellite needs to be operated so that measurements can be made under r.f. loop conditions at the earth station where t

27、he tests are to be carried out. Furthermore, the measurement configuration should permit independent measurements of cross-polarization discrimination of the antenna under transmit and receive conditions. The preferred measurement arrangement is shown in Figure 1. The earth station radiates an unmod

28、ulated C.W. r.f. signal to the satellite and the “looped-back“ signal is received by the earth station where the power (level) of the received signal is measured by means of a spectrum analyser. If a tunable down-converter is available, the spectrum analyser can alternatively be connected to the i.f

29、. output of the down-converter. Transmission parameters should be established in such a manner that both the satellite and earth station are operated in the linear region of their transfer characteristics. The satellite needs to be operated in such a way that only the co-polarized transfer signal ca

30、n pass through the transponder. The e.i.r.p. of the earth station and the measurement bandwidth of the spectrum analyser should be such that for the co-polarized measure- ment the carrier-to-noise ratio is not less than 45 dB. For linearly polarized systems, the polarization should be adjusted durin

31、g trans- mission in the cross-polarized sense by rotating the earth station polarizer to achieve the best null. The polarizer setting should be maintained at this setting. If the setting depends on the frequency, a setting should be used which gives the best cross-polarization discrimination across

32、the whole frequency band. 03.1 Transmit cross- polarization discrimination The carrier is transmitted co-polarized to the satellite through high-power amplifier No. 1 and the power (level) of the received carrier is measured, on a “looped-back“ basis, through low-noise amplifier No. 1. The earth sta

33、tion then radiates the same power in the cross-polarized mode through high-power amplifier No. 2. The cross- polarized component of the carrier is then received by low-noise amplifier No. 1. -6- 510-2-1 mod. 1 O CE1 Le dcouplage de polarisation lmission est gal au rapport exprim en dcibels entre les

34、 deux puissances mesures prcdemment. 03.2 Dcouplage de polarisation la rception Une porteuse est mise en co-polarisation vers le satellite par Iinter- mdiaire de lamplificateur de puissance no 1, et les puissances des composantes reues “en boucle“, co-polaires et contra-polaires, sont mesures la sor

35、tie des amplificateurs faible bruit no 1 et 2, res- pect i vemen t. Le dcouplage de polarisation la rception est gal au rapport, exprim en dcibels, des deux puissances prcdentes ramenes aux deux sorties de rception du duplexeur de polarisation. Notes 1.- Avant chaque mesure, il convient dvajuster le

36、 Pointage de lantenne de faon optimiser la transmission en mode co-polai re. 2.- I1 convient que le rapport de puissance mesure entre les sorties des deux amplificateurs faible bruit soit corrig pour la diffrence en gain entre les deux amplificateurs faible bruit. D4. Prsentation des rsultats Les dc

37、ouplages de polarisation mesurs Jmission et la rception doivent tre exprims en dcibels et prsents sous forme de table pour chaque frquence de mesure. II convient dindiquer le domaine angulaire de rayonnement dans lequel la mesure est effectue. D5. Dtails spcifier Lorsque ces mesures sont exiges, il

38、y a lieu dinclure les dtails suivants dans le cahier des charges du matriel: u) b) type de polarisation (linaire ou circulaire); c) d) gamme de frquences de mesure; domaine angulaire de rayonnement utilis pour les mesures; dcouplage de polarisation minimal spcifi. 510-2-1 Amend. 1 0 IEC -7- The powe

39、r ratio, expressed in decibels between the two measure- ments, is the transmit cross-polarization discrimination. D3.2 Receive cross -polarization discrimination A carrier is transmitted co-polarized to the satellite through high- power amplifier No. 1 and the power of the received co-polarized and

40、cross-polarized components are measured through low-noise amplifier No. 1 and low-noise amplifier No. 2, respectively, on a “looped-back“ basis. The power ratio expressed in decibels between measurements at the two receive ports of the orthogonal-mode transducer (OMT) is the receive cross -pol a ri

41、zat ion discr imi nation . Notes I.- Before starting each measurement the antenna pointing should be optimized in terms of its co-polar response. 2.- The measured power ratio between the two low-noise amplifier outputs should be corrected for the difference in gains in the two low-noise amplifiers.

42、D4. Presentation of results The measured transmit and receive cross-polarization discrimination ratios should be expressed in decibels and tabulated for each measure- ment frequency. The beamwidth within which the measurements were made should be stated. D5. Details to be specified The following ite

43、ms should be included, as required, in the detailed equipment specification : a) b) type of polarization (linear or circular); c) d) permitted minimum cross-polarization discrimination. frequency range within which measurements are to be made; antenna beam angle within which measurements are to be m

44、ade; -8- 510-2-1 mod. 1 O CE1 1. APPEND1 CE PRECISION DE MESURE Gnralits Lorsquon utilise une source imparfaite (satellite), le dcouplage de polarisation “X,“ entre deux accs dune antenne deux polarisations orthogonales est fonction du rapport axial de lantenne de la station terrienne, du rapport ax

45、ial de lantenne du satellite et de lcart angulaire entre les axes principaux des deux ellipses de polarisation. Cela est illustr, approximativement, par les quations suivantes, quation (1) pour la polarisation circulaire, quation (2) pour la polarisation linaire: o : X est le rapport de dcouplage de

46、 polarisation mesur m r est le rapport axial en tension de lantenne de la station ter- e rienne r est le rapport axial en tension de lantenne du satellite a est lcart angulaire entre les axes principaux de lellipse de polarisation de lantenne de la station terrienne et de lellipse de polarisation de

47、 lantenne du satellite S Les quations (1) et (2) sont dduites de la dfinition mme du dcouplage de polarisation : puissance Co-polaire rl puissance contra-polaire 1-rl - - = o: rl est lefficacit de polarisation dfinie la section un de la prsente norme. 510-2-1 Amend. 1 0 IEC -9- ANNEX MEASUREMENT ACC

48、URACY 1. General The polarization discrimination “X,“ between related ports of an antenna for dual orthogonal polarization, when using an imperfect source (satellite), is a function of the axial ratio of the earth-station antenna, the axial ratio of the satellite antenna and of the tilt-angle difference between the main axes of the two polarization ellipses. This is illustrated by the following approximate equations for circular (1) and linear (2) polarization: where : X is the measured polarization discrimination ratio r is the voltage axial ratio of the earth station antenna m

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