IEC 61262-6-1994 Medical electrical equipment - Characteristics of electro-optical X-ray image intensifiers - Part 6 Determination of the contrast ratio and vei.pdf

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1、NORME CE1 INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 126216 Premire dition First edition 1994-07 Appareils lectromdicaux - Caractristiques des intensificateurs lectro-optiques dimage radiologique - Partie 6: Dtermination du rapport de contraste et du voile lumineux Medical electrical equipment - Char

2、acteristics of electro-optical X-ray image intensifiers - Part 6: Determination of the contrast ratio and veiling glare index Numro de rfrence Reference number CEI/IEC 1262-6: 1994 Numros des publications Depuis le ler janvier 1997, les publications de la CE1 sont numrotes partir de 60000. Publicati

3、ons consolides Les versions consolides de certaines publications de la CE1 incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par exemple, les numros ddition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent respectivement la publication de base, la publication de base incorporant lamendement 1, et la publication de base incorp

4、orant les amendements 1 et 2. Validit de la prsente publication Le contenu technique des publications de la CE1 est constamment revu par la CE1 afin quil reflete ltat actuel de la technique. Des renseignements relatifs la date de reconfirmation de la publication sont disponibles dans le Catalogue de

5、 la CEI. Les renseignements relatifs des questions ltude et des travaux en cours entrepris par le comit technique qui a tabli cette publication, ainsi que la liste des publications tablies, se trouvent dans les documents ci- dessous: Cite web de la CEI* Catalogue des publications de la CE1 Publi ann

6、uellement et mis jour rgulirement (Catalogue en ligne)* Disponible la fois au 4te web, de la CEI* et comme priodique imprim Bulletin de la CE1 Terminologie, symboles graphiques et littraux En ce qui concerne la terminologie gnrale, le lecteur se reportera la CE1 60050: Vocabulaire Electro- technique

7、 International (VEI). Pour les symboles graphiques, les symboles littraux et les signes dusage gnral approuvs par la CEI, le lecteur consultera la CE1 60027: Symboles littraux A utiliser en lectrotechnique, la CE1 6041 7: Symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matriel. Index, releve et compilation d

8、es feuilles individuelles, et la CE1 6061 7: Symboles graphiques pour schmas. * Voir adresse -site web, sur la page de titre. Numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. Consolidated publications Consolidated versions of some IEC publicati

9、ons including amendments are available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Validity of this publication The technical content of IEC publ

10、ications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the publication is available in the IEC catalogue. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken

11、by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources: IEC web cite“ Catalogue of IEC publications Published yearly with regular updates (On-line catalogue)* Available both at the IEC web site* and as a

12、 printed periodical IEC Bulletin Terminology, graphical and letter symbols For general terminology, readers are referred to I EC 60050: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to pu

13、blications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology, I EC 6041 7: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and IEC 60617: Graphical symbols for diagrams. * See web site address on title page. NORME I NTE RN AT1 ON ALE INTERNATION

14、AL STANDARD CE1 IEC 1262-6 Premire dition First edition 1994-07 Appareils lectromdicaux - Caractristiques des intensificateurs lectro-optiques dimage radiologique - Partie 6: Dtermination du rapport de contraste et du voile lumineux Medical electrical equipment - Characteristics of electro-optical X

15、-ray image intensifiers - Part 6: Determination of the contrast ratio and veiling glare index 0 CE1 1994 Droits de reproduction rservs - Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quehue forme que soit et par aucun pro- cd. lectronique o

16、u mcanique. y compris ia photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord cri de diteur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and microfilm. without permksion in writing from the publisher. Bureau Central de

17、 ia Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varemb Genve, Suisse Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE M eVHapoHaR 3nemporexecnan KOMHCCUR Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueui For price. see current catalogue -2- SOMMAI

18、RE 1262-6 O CEI:1994 Pages AVANT-PROPOS . 4 INTRODUCTION 6 Articles 1 Domaine dapplication 8 2 Rfrence normative . 8 3 Terminologie 8 3.1 Dfinitions 8 3.2 Degr des prescriptions et instructions relatives la lecture . 10 4 Prescriptions 12 4.1 Montage dessai . 12 4.3 Rayonnement dentre . 12 4.4 DISPO

19、SITIF DESSAI 14 4.5 Appareils de mesure 14 4.2 INTENSIFICATEUR DIMAGE RADIOLOGIQUE . Conditions de fonctionnement 12 5 Dtermination du RAPPORT DE CONTRASTE et du COEFFICIENT DE VOILE LUMINEUX . 16 5.1 Prparation . 16 5.2 Mesure 16 5.3 Corrections . 16 5.4 Dtermination . 18 6 PrSentatiOn du RAPPORT D

20、E CONTRASTE et du COEFFICIENT DE VOILE LUMINEUX 18 7 Dclaration de conformit . 18 Annexes A Terminologie . Index des termes 20 B Dtermination dune mthode de correction du voile lumineux des photomtres . 22 1262-6 O I EC: 1994 -3- CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 5 INTRODUCTION 7 Clause 1 Scope . 9 2 Normative

21、 reference . 9 3 Terminology . 9 3.1 Definitions 9 3.2 Degree of requirements and reading instructions 4 Requirements 13 4.1 Test set-up . 13 4.2 X-RAY IMAGE INTENSIFIER - Operating conditions . 13 4.3 Input radiation . 13 4.5 Measurement equipment . 15 4.4 TESTDEVICE 15 5 Determination of the CONTR

22、AST RATIO and the VEILING GLARE INDEX 17 5.1 Preparation . 17 5.2 Measurement . 17 5.3 Corrections . 17 5.4 Determination 19 6 PreSenttiOn of the CONTRAST RATIO and the VEILING GLARE INDEX . 19 7 Statement of compliance 19 Annexes A Terminology . Index of terms . 21 B Determination of a correction f

23、or photometer veiling glare . 23 -4- 1262-6 O CEIz1994 COM M ISS ION LECTROTECH N I Q U E I NTE RN AT1 ON ALE APPAREILS LECTROMDICAUX - CARACTRISTIQUES DES INTENSIFICATEURS ELECTRO-OPTIQUES DIMAGE RADIOLOGIQUE - Partie 6: Dtermination du rapport de contraste et du voile lumineux AVANT-PROPOS LaCEI (

24、Commission Eiectrotechnique internationale) estuneorganisation mondiale de normalisation composede rensemble des comits lecbotechniques nationaux (Comits nationaux de ia CEI). La CE1 a pour objet de favoriser ia coopration internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines d

25、e llectricit et de rlectronique. A cet effet, ia CEI, entre autres activits, publie des Normes internationales. Leur laboration est confhe des comits d8tudes. aux travaux desquels tout Comit national intress par le sujet trait peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et n

26、on gouvernementales, en liaison avec ia CEI, participent galement aux travaux. La CE1 collabore troitement avec lOrganisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixes par accord entre les deux organisations. Les dcisions ou accords officiels de la CE1 en ce qui concerne les

27、questions techniques, prpars par les comits dtudes o sontreprsents tous les Comits nationaux sintressant ces questions, exprimentdans ia plus grande mesure possible un accord international sur les sujets examins. Ces dcisions constituent des recommandations internationales publies sous forme de norm

28、es, de rapports techniques ou de guides et agres comme teles par les Comits nationaux. Dans le but dencourager lunification internationale, les Comits nationaux de ia CE1 sengagent appliquer de faon transparente, dans toute ia mesure possible, les Normes internationales de ia CE1 dans leurs normes n

29、ationales etrgionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de ia CE1 et ia norme nationale conespondante doit tre indique en termes ciairs dans cette dernire. La Norme internationale CE1 1262-6 a t tablie par le sous-comit 628: Appareils dimagerie de diagnostic, du comit dtudes 62 de la CEI: Equipements

30、 lectriques dans la pratique mdicale. Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants: Rapport de vote 62B(BC)117 62B(BC)129 Le rapport de vote indiqu dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti 21 lapprobation de cette norme. Les annexes A et B sont donnes uni

31、quement a titre dinformation Dans la prsente norme, les caractres dimprimerie suivants sont utiliss: - Prescriptions dont la conformit peut tre vrifie par un essai, et dfinitions: caractres romains. - Explications, conseils, introductions, noncs de porte gnrale et exceptions: petits caractres romain

32、s. - Modalits dessais: caracteres italiques. - TERMES UTILISES DANS CETTE NORME QUI SONT DEFINIS EN 3.1 ET A LANNEXE A: PETITES CAPITALES. 1262-6 O IEC:1994 -5- DIS INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION Report on voting MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - 62B(C0)117 CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL

33、 X-RAY IMAGE INTENSIFIERS - 62B(C0)129 Part 6: Determination of the contrast ratio and veiling glare index FOREWORD The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprishg all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The ob

34、ject of the IEC is to promote international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic feld. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC Natio

35、nal Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC alsa participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the Intemational Organization for Standardization

36、(I=) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on which all the National Committees having interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible,

37、 an international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with. They have the form of recornmendations for international use published in the form of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. In order to promote international unificatio

38、n, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. Inter

39、national Standard IEC 1262-6 has been prepared by sub-committee 628: Diagnostic imaging equipment, of IEC technical committee 62: Electrical equipment in medical practice. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: Annexes A and 8 are for information only. In this standard, the f

40、ollowing print types are used: - Requirements, compliance with which can be tested, and definitions: in roman type. - Explanations, advice, introductions, general statements, and exceptions: in smaller type. - Test specifications: in italic type. - TERMS USED THROUGHOW THIS STANDARD WHICH HAVE BEEN

41、DEFINED IN 3.1 AND IN ANNEX A: SW CAPITALS. 1262-6 O CEI:1994 -6- INTRODUCTION Le RAPPORT DE CONTRASTE (CR) et le COEFFICIENT DE VOILE LUMINEUX (VGI), qui est dfini comme IinVerSe du CR, sont des mesures de la rponse dun systme de formation dimages aux basses frquences spatiales et de ce fait elles

42、compltent la resolution spatiale limite qui est une mesure de la rponse haute frquence dun systme. Bien que les estimations de CR et de VGI puissent en principe tre effectues partir de la fonction de transfert de modulation, il est plus simple de les mesurer directement. Le contraste reprsent par la

43、 diffrence de fluence de RAYONNEMENT X entre un objet et son environnement peut tre rduit par le systme de formation dimages. Gnralement, cette perte de contraste est due a ia diffusion des quanta porteurs dimages en dehors des chemins thoriques. La partie de la luminance dimage due aux quanta diffu

44、ss sappelle le voile lumineux. Parmi les processus contribuant au voile lumineux se trouve la diffusion de RAYONNEMENT X lentre de lINTENSIFICATEUR ELECTRO-OPTIQUE DIMAGE RADIOLOGIQUE et la diffusion de la lu miere a Sa Sortie. Pour un INTENSIFICATEUR ELECTRO-OPTIQUE DIMAGE RADIOLOGIQUE, le CR est l

45、e rapport entre la luminance au CENTRE DE LIMAGE DE SORTIE, sans DISPOSITIF DESSAI dans le FAISCEAU DE RAYONNEMENT x et la luminance au CENTRE DE LIMAGE DE SORTIE IOrSqUUn DISPOSITIF DESSAI du CR est plac dans le faSCeaU de rayons x. Contrairement la valeur du CR qui est illimite, et qui est compris

46、e entre 1 et linfini, la valeur du VGI est limite entre O et 1. 1262-6 O IEC:1994 -7- INTRODUCTION The CONTRAST RATIO (CR) and the VEILING GLARE INDEX (VGI), which is defined as the reciprocal of the CR, are measures of the spatial frequency response of an imaging system at low frequencies and, as s

47、uch, complement the limiting spatial resolution, which is a measure of a systems high-frequency response. simpler to measure them directly. The contrast represented by the difference in X-ray fluence between an object and its surroundings can be diminished by the imaging device. Generally, this loss

48、 of contrast is due to scattering of the image-carrying quanta away from the ideal paths. The radiance in the image due to imaging the scattered quanta is called “veiling glare.“ Processes that contribute to veiling glare of light at its output. Although the CR and the VGI can, in principle, be esti

49、mated from the MODULATIONTRANSFER FUNCTION, it is include the scattering Of X-RADIATION at the ELECTRO-OPTICAL X-RAY IMAGE INTENSIFIER input and the scattering For an ELECTRO-OPTICALX-RAY IMAGE INTENSIFIER, the CR is the ratio Of the luminance at the CENTREOFTHE with a CR TEST DEVICE in the X-RAY BEAM. While the CR is unbounded, ranging

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