1、 ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014 American National Standard Administrative Practices for Nuclear Criticality SafetySecretariatAmerican Nuclear SocietyPrepared by theAmerican Nuclear SocietyStandards CommitteeWorking Group ANS-8.19Published by theAmerican Nuclear Society555 North Kensington AvenueLa Grange Park,
2、Illinois 60526 USAApproved July 28, 2014 by theAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.Designation of this document as an American National Standard attests that the principles of openness and due process have been followed in the approval procedure and that a consensus of those directly and mate
3、rially affected by the standard has been achieved.This standard was developed under the procedures of the Standards Committee of the American Nuclear Society; these procedures are accredited by the Amer-ican National Standards Institute, Inc., as meeting the criteria for American National Standards.
4、 The consensus committee that approved the standard was balanced to ensure that competent, concerned, and varied interests have had an opportunity to participate.An American National Standard is intended to aid industry, consumers, govern-mental agencies, and general interest groups. Its use is enti
5、rely voluntary. The existence of an American National Standard, in and of itself, does not preclude anyone from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, process-es, or procedures not conforming to the standard.By publication of this standard, the American Nuclear Society does not ins
6、ure anyone utilizing the standard against liability allegedly arising from or after its use. The content of this standard reflects acceptable practice at the time of its approval and publication. Changes, if any, occurring through developments in the state of the art, may be considered at the time t
7、hat the standard is subjected to periodic review. It may be reaffirmed, revised, or withdrawn at any time in accordance with established procedures. Users of this standard are cautioned to determine the validity of copies in their possession and to establish that they are of the latest issue. The Am
8、erican Nuclear Society accepts no responsibility for interpretations of this standard made by any individual or by any ad hoc group of individuals. Responses to inquiries about requirements, recommendations, and/or permis-sive statements (i.e., “shall,” “should,” and “may,” respectively) should be s
9、ent to the Standards Department at Society Headquarters. Action will be taken to provide appropriate response in accordance with established procedures that ensure consensus.Comments on this standard are encouraged and should be sent to Society Head-quarters.Published byAmerican Nuclear Society555 N
10、orth Kensington AvenueLa Grange Park, Illinois 60526 USAThis document is copyright protected. Copyright 2014 by American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved. Any part of this standard may be quoted. Credit lines should read “Extracted from Ameri-can National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014 with permiss
11、ion of the publisher, the Ameri-can Nuclear Society.” Reproduction prohibited under copyright convention unless written permission is granted by the American Nuclear Society.Printed in the United States of AmericaAmerican National StandardAmerican National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014The American Nuc
12、lear Society (ANS) Standards Committee will provide responses to inquiries about requirements, recommendations, and/or permissive statements (i.e., “shall,” “should,” and “may,” respectively) in American National Standards that are developed and approved by ANS. Responses to inquiries will be provid
13、ed according to the Policy Manual for the ANS Standards Committee. Nonrelevant inquiries or those concerning unrelated subjects will be returned with appropriate explanation. ANS does not develop case interpretations of requirements in a stan-dard that are applicable to a specific design, operation,
14、 facility, or other unique situation only, and therefore is not intended for generic application.Responses to inquiries on standards are published in the Societys magazine, Nu-clear News, and are available publicly on the ANS Web site or by contacting the ANS standards administrator.Inquiry requests
15、 shall include the following:(1) the name, company name if applicable, mailing address, and telephone number of the inquirer;(2) reference to the applicable standard edition, section, paragraph, figure and/or table;(3) the purposes of the inquiry; (4) the inquiry stated in a clear, concise manner; (
16、5) a proposed reply, if the inquirer is in a position to offer one.Inquiries should be addressed to:American Nuclear SocietyATTN: Standards Administrator 555 N. Kensington AvenueLa Grange Park, IL 60526or standardsans.org Inquiry RequestsInquiry FormatAmerican National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014Ame
17、rican National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014-i-(This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard “Administrative Practices for Nuclear Criticality Safety,” ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014.) Administrative practices for nuclear criticality safety evolved in the various orga-nizations processing fissionable
18、 materials in ways appropriate to these organiza-tions. In response to interest expressed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Subcommittee ANS-8 of the Standards Committee of the American Nuclear Society initially established this standard in 1984 to codify the best of those administrative pr
19、actices. Typical of the differences among organizations is the nature of the nuclear criticality safety staff. While the functions assigned to the staff by this standard are being carried out by all these organizations, the administrative arrangements are so diverse that a concise definition of the
20、term “nuclear criticality safety staff” has not been developed. In essence, the staff comprises those elements of the organization that, in concert, carry out the functions described.During the 2005 revision of this standard, there was much discussion regarding the use of the term “fissile.” Some th
21、ink the broader term “fissionable” should be used in place of “fissile,” while others held to the opinion that the standard does not apply to all fissionable materials. The term “fissile” is the most commonly used term and is appropriate in the majority of applications, although it does not include
22、every nuclide that could present a nuclear criticality safety concern. Facilities that have nuclear criticality safety concerns with nuclides that are fissionable, but not fissile, can also apply this standard to those situations. For the purposes of this standard, the term “fissile” is intended to
23、apply to any nuclide that presents a nuclear critical-ity safety concern.This revision provides additional clarification, while retaining well-established safe-ty principles consistent with the evolution of this standard and industry practices. This revision also recognizes that some sites and facil
24、ities face changing missions, or in some cases decommissioning. As a result, this revision recommends continued application of these safety principles with an acceptable and practical balance of risk and benefit. Some sections of the standard were reordered to improve overall cohesiveness.This stand
25、ard might reference documents and other standards that have been su-perseded or withdrawn at the time the standard is applied. A statement has been included in the references section that provides guidance on the use of references.This standard does not incorporate the concepts of generating risk-in
26、formed in-sights, performance-based requirements, or a graded approach to quality assurance. The user is advised that one or more of these techniques could enhance the applica-tion of this standard.This revision was developed under the direction of Subcommittee ANS-8, Fission-able Materials Outside
27、Reactors. The working group would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of Leslie C. Davenport, who died prior to this revisions gaining approval. The membership of the working group at the time of the revision was as follows:R. W. Carson, Jr. (Chair), Enercon Federal Services, Inc.W. J.
28、 Anderson, AREVA Federal Services, LLCJ. S. Baker, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLCL. C. Davenport, IndividualB. A. Purnell, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionThe membership of the ANS-8 Subcommittee at the time of its approval of this standard was as follows:ForewordAmerican National Standard
29、ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014-ii-American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-2014T. P. McLaughlin (Chair), Los Alamos National LaboratoryB. O. Kidd (Vice Chair), Babcock the word “should” is used to denote a rec-ommendation; and the word “may” is used to denote permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendati
30、on.4 Management responsibilities4.1Management shall accept overall responsibility for safety of operations. Continuing commitment to safety should be evident.4.2Management shall formulate nuclear criticality safety policy and make it known to all personnel involved in operations with fissile materia
31、l. 4.3Management shall assign responsibility and delegate commensurate authority to implement established policy. Responsibility for nuclear criticality safety should be assigned in a man-ner consistent with that for other safety disci-plines. Each individual, regardless of position, shall be made a
32、ware that nuclear criticality safety in his or her work area is his or her re-sponsibility.4.4Management shall provide personnel familiar with the physics of nuclear criticality and with associated safety practices to furnish techni-cal guidance appropriate to the scope of op-erations. This function
33、 should, to the extent practicable, be administratively independent of operations. 4.5Management shall establish a training and qual-ification program for nuclear criticality safety staff. Guidance for establishing that program may be obtained from ANSI/ANS-8.26-2007 (R2012) 3.4.6Management shall es
34、tablish a method to moni-tor the nuclear criticality safety program.1)Numbers in brackets refer to corresponding numbers in Sec. 9, “References.”American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-20142American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-20144.7Management shall participate in auditing the overall effectiv
35、eness of the nuclear criticality safety program at least once every 3 years.4.8Management may use consultants and nuclear criticality safety committees to achieve the ob-jectives of the nuclear criticality safety program.4.9Management shall establish and maintain a con-figuration management system t
36、hat identifies, and controls changes to, facilities, equipment, and processes important to nuclear criticality safety.4.10Management shall establish a process for devel-oping, reviewing, supplementing, and revising operating procedures.5 Supervisory responsibilities5.1Each supervisor shall accept re
37、sponsibility for the safety of operations under his or her control.5.2Each supervisor shall be knowledgeable in those aspects of nuclear criticality safety relevant to operations under his or her control. Training and assistance should be obtained from the nu-clear criticality safety staff.5.3Each s
38、upervisor shall ensure that nuclear criti-cality safety training is provided to the person-nel under his or her supervision. 5.3.1Each supervisor shall require that the person-nel under his or her supervision understand procedures, limits, controls, and other nuclear criticality safety consideration
39、s such that per-sonnel can be expected to perform their func-tions without undue risk. 5.3.2Records of training activities and verification of personnel understanding shall be maintained.5.3.3General guidance for a nuclear criticality safety training program may be obtained from ANSI/ANS-8.20-1991 (
40、R2005) 4. 5.4Supervisors shall develop or participate in the development of procedures applicable to the operations under their control. Maintenance of these procedures to reflect changes in operations shall be a continuing supervisory responsibility.5.5Supervisors shall verify compliance with nucle
41、ar criticality safety specifications for new or modi-fied equipment before its use. Verification may be based on inspection reports or other features of the quality assurance system.5.6Supervisors shall be responsible for the inspec-tion, testing, and maintenance of engineered controls.5.7Each super
42、visor shall require conformance with good safety practices, including unambig-uous identification of fissile materials and good housekeeping.5.8Supervisors may obtain assistance for fulfilling the responsibilities outlined in Secs. 5.3 through 5.7 from other functions, such as facility opera-tions a
43、nd maintenance.6 Nuclear criticality safety staff responsibilities6.1The nuclear criticality safety staff shall provide technical guidance for the design of equipment and processes and for the development of oper-ating procedures.6.2The staff shall maintain familiarity with current developments in n
44、uclear criticality safety stan-dards and guides. Knowledge of nuclear critical-ity information should be maintained.3American National Standard ANSI/ANS-8.19-20146.3The staff should consult with knowledgeable individuals to obtain technical assistance as needed.6.4The staff shall maintain familiarit
45、y with all operations within the organization requiring nuclear criticality safety controls. This shall be accomplished by individual staff members main-taining familiarity with operations for which they provide guidance.6.5The staff shall assist supervision, on request, in training personnel.6.6The
46、 staff shall conduct or participate in au-dits of nuclear criticality safety practices, including compliance with procedures, as direct-ed by management.6.7The staff shall examine reports of procedur-al violations and other deficiencies for possible improvement of safety practices and procedur-al re
47、quirements. Findings shall be reported to management.6.8The staff should periodically review nuclear criticality safety evaluations to determine their continued applicability and validity. This should include a review of elements of the evaluation such as scope, assumptions, normal conditions, credi
48、ble abnormal conditions, controls, and limits.7 Evaluations for nuclear criticality safety2)7.1Before a new operation with fissile material is be-gun, or before an existing operation is changed, it shall be determined and documented that the entire process will be subcritical for both normal and cre
49、dible abnormal conditions. 7.1.1Normal and credible abnormal conditions shall be determined with input from operations or other knowledgeable individuals. 7.1.2During development of the nuclear criticality safety evaluation, the staff performing the eval-uation should personally observe relevant exist-ing equipment, activities, and processes. 7.2The nuclear criticality safety evaluation shall determine and explicitly identify the controlled parameters and their associated limits upon which nuclear criticali
