1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 7Recommended Practices for Developing Barge Control Factors (Volume Ratio)FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1995REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 17Marine MeasurementSection 7Recommended Practice
2、s for Developing Barge Control Factors (Volume Ratio)Measurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 1995REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2012SPECIAL NOTES1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERALNATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATEAND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS S
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8、pyright 1995 American Petroleum InstituteiiiFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however,the Institute makes no representation, warranty or guarantee in conne
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10、the Measurement Coordina-tion, Exploration and Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.vCONTENTSPageSECTION 7RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR DEVELOPING BARGE CONTROL FACTORS (VOLUME RATIO)17.7.1 Scope 117.7.2 Normative References 117.7.3 General Reco
11、mmendations and Precautions 117.7.4 Metered Quantity 217.7.5 ProceduresBarge. 317.7.6 ProceduresShore. 417.7.7 Factor Calculation 517.7.8 Application . 517.7.1 ScopeThis procedure is intended to determine a fixedbarge/shore ratio which can be used either when no reliableVessel Experience Factor (VEF
12、) is available or to verify andvalidate an existing VEF. The resultant ratio may be used asa Control Factor to ascertain a corrected barge volume forcomparison against future shore delivery or receipt volumes.This procedure describes the method for determining thevolume ratio of a barge relative to
13、an accurate knownvolume, measured by shore tank or meter; this will be knownas the Control Factor. The procedures and practices relate toaction by buyers, sellers, shore terminal operations, bargeowners, independent inspectors, and other parties having aninterest in the measurements. If the methods
14、stated in thisprocedure are followed, the measurements will form a reli-able basis for comparing relative shore and barge volumes inthe production of a Control Factor. The procedures containedin this method apply to a single transfer between the shoreand the barge, preferably using a light or medium
15、 product orchemical with an approximate volume of at least 80 percentfill of the barge capacity. The procedure may be conductedagain at a later date for added assurance or to update thefactor for any structural change(s) or damage to the barge.This method is not a substitute for, nor does it replace
16、,barge calibration (strapping) tables or the need for recalibra-tion.The gauging procedures outlined herein and known asDouble Reference Gauging may also be employed inregular inspection of barge and shore quantification as a losscontrol technique.This method is intended for inland waterway barges.O
17、cean-going barges should use VEF method.17.7.2 Normative ReferencesNormative references for Section 7 include the following:Chapter 2Tank CalibrationChapter 3Tank Gauging (In preparation)Chapter 4Proving SystemsChapter 5MeteringChapter 7Temperature DeterminationChapter 8SamplingChapter 9Density Dete
18、rminationChapter 12Calculation of Quantities17.7.3 General Recommendations andPrecautions 17.7.3.1 TEST CRITERIABefore these procedures are implemented, parties respon-sible for the various activities should be clearly designatedand should ensure that all procedures can be accomplishedwithin the cri
19、teria outlined herein. Should any one of theseprocedures be in reasonable doubt or considered unreliable,then the test should not be conducted, or continued, until thereason for doubt is removed or corrected.17.7.3.2 TEST CONDITIONSPrior to testing, ensure that the conditions in this methodcan be me
20、t; verify that the terminal and barge equipment arecapable of meeting the required procedures and that theoperation facilities are conducive and in accordance withAPI standards and practices.17.7.3.3 PROCEDURE CONTROLTo ensure the accuracy of the volumes, both that of thebarge and of the test volume
21、 (shore tank or meteredvolume), it is necessary to adopt strict procedures to controlthe movement of the test medium and to control associatedmeasurement techniques. 17.7.3.4 TEST MEDIUM (TYPE OF PRODUCT)For increased accuracy of the test, it is preferable to use alight or medium oil (such as Diesel
22、 oil) or a chemicalproduct of known fixed standard density. The product shouldbe homogeneous. Tank mixers or circulation should beemployed to avoid temperature and density measurementerror. 17.7.3.5 GRAVITY/DENSITY DETERMINATIONFor calculation and comparison purposes, it is usuallybetter to use one
23、standard density than to use separate anal-yses of barge and shore tank samples. If the product isuniform and from one tank, then the same reference densityfor both barge and shore tank calculation of quantity shouldbe used. For the purposes of development of a B.C.F., it isassumed that the barge an
24、d the shore tank have the same stan-dard density.17.7.3.6 SHORE LINE INTEGRITYAll relevant shore pipelines must be checked for fullness.This should be accomplished by use of a method whichdetermines the pipeline condition, and one which is docu-Chapter 17Marine MeasurementSECTION 7RECOMMENDED PRACTI
25、CES FOR DEVELOPING BARGE CONTROLFACTOR (VOLUME RATIO)12CHAPTER 17MARINE MEASUREMENTmented as the preferred method utilized at the facility.Ideally, the product should be routed from the shore supplytank through the lines and pumps being used to the dockmanifold, and returned to the same (or other) s
26、hore tank. All branch lines leading off the line being used in the testshould be isolated by closing at least two valves between theseparate systems; or by fitting blanks into the branch line(s).It is preferable to use a tank that has the shortest pipelinedistance to the barge.17.7.3.7 SHORE TANK IN
27、TEGRITY The use of a large tank will decrease the accuracy due tothe gauging tolerance when a relatively small volume istransferred from a large tank. Select a tank size that is suit-able for test volume. To ensure accuracy in uncertainty betterthan 0.20 percent of the volume, a single shore tank sh
28、ouldbe used that has sufficient volume to conduct the test: onethat allows a minimum of 2 meters (about 6 feet) of tankvolume to be transferred to the barge. However, the levelremaining in the tank on completion of the test should be atleast 2 feet above the top of the main tank outlet pipe. Prefer-
29、ably, the tank should be more than half full prior to the test.The tank bottom should be stable, and have no knownappreciable flexing. Flexing in excess of 15 millimeters(about 12 inch) may not be suitable for use in development ofa B.C.F. Check any available records and inquire of terminalexperienc
30、e with variance in total gauge height.17.7.3.8 BARGE BOTTOMS (CARGO RESIDUES)The barge should be essentially empty prior to the test.Minor quantities and puddles may be acceptable, providedthat the total does not exceed 0.10 percent (10 barrels in10,000) of the volume to be transferred. 17.7.3.9 TRI
31、M AND LIST CONSIDERATIONSThe barge should be on even keel (no trim) and upright (nolist) when loading is completed. Where the gauging locationis situated on or near to the geometric center of the compart-ment, a small degree of list and/or trim is permissible. 17.7.4 Metered QuantityA Positive Displ
32、acement (PD) meter is preferred for usewith this method. The meter should have been proven inaccordance with the relevant API standards, preferably justprior to conducting this test (control factor). A meter factorand proving data should be available and be valid for theintended product (density ran
33、ge). Obtain a copy of the provingcertificate to be included as part of the records for the test. 17.7.4.1 READING AND RECORDINGMEASUREMENTSAll measurements should be recorded at the time themeasurement is taken. A minimum of 3 measurementsshould be taken, gauging the product until 2 consecutivereadi
34、ngs are the same; the readings should be recorded to anaccuracy of plus or minus 116 of an inch. Record the measure-ment immediately after it is taken.17.7.4.2 READING OF DRAFTSIf the draft marks are difficult to read, freeboard measure-ments should be taken.17.7.4.3 SHORE TANK STANDPIPES(UNPERFORAT
35、ED)Tanks with unslotted standpipes should not be used forthis test. If no other aperture exists for gauging of productlevel, do not conduct the test until a suitable replacementtank is available.17.7.4.4 SAMPLINGEffective mixing and/or circulation is the key to obtaininga representative sample. In a
36、ll cases, samples should bedrawn in a manner consistent with API procedures. In addi-tion, and if practical, line samples should be drawn atfrequent intervals, sampling at approximately one sampleevery 500 barrels.17.7.4.5 BARGE CAPACITY TABLESTRIM ANDLIST READINGSIn cases where trim or list exist a
37、nd are not removed byinternal transfer, correct using an applicable trim/list correc-tion table or formula. However, the correction table must bechecked for validity. If the gauging location has beenchanged, verify that applicable trim/list corrections are avail-able for that location.17.7.4.6 BARGE
38、 DECK STANDPIPESIf deck standpipes are fitted, special care should be takenwhen these extend into the compartment (below the deck)and into the product. In such cases it is usual for the productto pump within the pipe directly after filling of a compart-ment or when river traffic is passing. 17.7.4.7
39、 INNAGE GAUGINGOn a fixed roof tank, ascertain if there is any flexing of theroof by the weight of persons. One person only should standin the same location relative to the gauging hatch, for bothopening and closing measurements, to avoid errors. 17.7.4.8 OUTAGE GAUGING The outage is taken in additi
40、on to the innage gauge for adouble reference and as a tool in reconciliation, should alater unexplained difference be apparent.SECTION 7RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR DEVELOPING BARGE CONTROL FACTOR (VOLUME RATIO)317.7.4.9 SAMPLE HANDLING Sampling and sample handling described in this documentare limited
41、 to the need for accurate density determination only.The application is for measurement, not product quality.17.7.5 ProceduresBarge17.7.5.1 BARGE OBQ Prior to loading, inspect all cargo compartments forresidual water (from cleaning) or previous product. It ispreferable to inspect the compartments vi
42、sually as, due tobarge trim and/or the gauging location, material may remainundetected in the tank. This inspection can normally beaccomplished from deck level.The cargo system (hoses, pipelines, pumps, and valves)being used for the test should be opened in order to drainresidues into barge tanks fo
43、r observation and measurement.Ensure that all valves in the pipeline system are opened, toprevent entrapment of residues. This includes crossovers,deck lines, and cargo riser valves. Trim corrections shouldnot be used. In general, if there is sufficient volumeremaining in a compartment in which to a
44、pply the correc-tion, there is too much to conduct the test, and it should beremoved. The bottom of barges compartments is the area ofmost imprecision and one of the main reasons that tests arenecessary.Prior to loading, observe the standpipes (if fitted) anddetermine if they extend to the tank bott
45、om. Determine andreport whether or not the pipe is slotted (perforated).Measure and record the total height at both standpipe (iffitted) and ullage hatch (manway) gauging locations; this isto be compared with similar readings taken after loading iscomplete. 17.7.5.2 BARGE INNAGE GAUGING After comple
46、tion of product transfer (loading) and prior togauging for level, observe river traffic for passing vessels.These will, invariably, affect the measurements. Ensure thatthe product level is stable (that is, no movement) whengauging for level.Gauge the tank for product level only, using a suitableprod
47、uct finding paste. Probe the bottom of the tank aroundthe full perimeter of the gauging hatch (if not a standpipe)with tape and bob to ascertain the nature of materials on thetank bottom. This may be helpful if there is a problem inlater gauging.Establish the total gauge height.Note: Gauging for wat
48、er is not necessary in establishing a control factor,unless required as part of a general inspection or loss control measure.17.7.5.3 BARGE MEASUREMENTS Trim and list should be checked before loading iscomplete in order to use the balance of the cargo to adjusttrim, and or list, where necessary. Fil
49、ling of individualcompartments should be adjusted where necessary in orderto complete the loading without any appreciable trim/listcondition existing. However, if the barge is trimmed and/orcannot be avoided, apply the applicable correction. List canbe avoided in most cases and should be eliminated if present.17.7.5.4 TRIM CORRECTION The calculation to check for trim correction is:D TRIM LBDWhere:D = longitudinal (fore this is referred to as Ullage distance (U).Obtain or measure the length of the tank. (If the expansionhatch is in the sam
