1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 19.3Evaporative Loss MeasurementPart HTank Seals and FittingCertificationAdministrationFIRST EDITION, MARCH 1998REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2009Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 19.3Evaporative Loss MeasurementPart HTank Seals and FittingsCertif
2、icationAdministrationMeasurement Coordination DepartmentFIRST EDITION, MARCH 1998REAFFIRMED, FEBRUARY 2009SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API i
3、s not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning saf
4、ety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by
5、implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewe
6、d and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been grante
7、d, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updatedquarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under AP
8、I standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standar
9、d was developedshould be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the titlepage of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the materialpublished her
10、ein should also be addressed to the director.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards
11、should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all t
12、he applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanic
13、al, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1998 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Eve
14、ry effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage res
15、ultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Measurement Coordinator,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTS
16、Page0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 SUMMARY OF THE CER
19、TIFICATION PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 TESTING LABORATORY CERTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 PREPARATION FOR PROTOCOL TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PERFORMING PROTOCOL TESTING. . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PETITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROTOCOL TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 Deck Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 Rim Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8APPENDIX A FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM . . . . . . . 11APPENDIX B STATISTICAL
22、CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17APPENDIX C WIND TUNNEL VELOCITY PROFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23APPENDIX D TESTING OF STANDARD DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27APPENDIX E RANGE OF VARIATION IN DEVICE DESCRIP
23、TION . . . . . . . . . . . 41APPENDIX F STEADY STATE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43APPENDIX GDE MINIMIS LOSS FACTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45APPENDIX H UNCERTAINTY IN THE CERTIFIED LOSS FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . .
24、47APPENDIX I METRIC UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51APPENDIX J BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Tables1 Description of the Symbols and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Instrument Requirements for the API MPMS 19.3, Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Minimum Number of Tests for Deck Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Minimum Number of Tests for Rim Seals. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Rim-Seal Gap Areas and Distributions for Average-Fitting Rim Seals . . . . . . . . 9B-1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17B-2 Summary of Parameters and Statistical Calculations f
27、or the API MPMS 19.3,Part A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20C-1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23C-2 Velocity Profile Survey Da
28、ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24D-1A Standard Device Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28D-1B Standard Device Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . 29vPageD-1C Standard Device Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30D-1D Standard Device Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31D-2A Standard Device Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32D-2B Standard Device Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34D-2C Standard Device Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36D-2D Standar
31、d Device Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38H-1 Comparison to the Generic Loss Factor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47H-2 Deck Fitting Reference Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . 48I-1 Metric Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Figures1 Elevation View of a Typical Wind Tunnel Test Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Plan View of a Typical Wind Tunnel Test Facility. . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Test Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A-1 Testing Laboratory Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A-2 Preparation for
34、Protocol Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A-3 Performing Protocol Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14A-4 Review of Certification Petitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . 15C-1 Grid for Velocity Profile Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24C-2 Grid Display of Normalized Wind Speeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25vi1Chapter 19.3Evaporative Loss MeasurementPART HTANK SEALS AND F
36、ITTINGS CERTIFICATIONADMINISTRATION0 IntroductionThe purpose of this standard is to provide guidance for theadministration of the API Tank Seals and Fittings Certifica-tion Program. Detailed requirements for this program arespecified in other parts of APIs Manual of Petroleum Mea-surement Standards(
37、MPMS), Chapter 19.3, as listed in thereference section below. The standards of the API MPMS,Chapter 19.3, collectively describe the certification programby which petitioners may have the evaporative loss factors ofproprietary floating-roof devices measured by laboratoriesthat are registered with API
38、 for that purpose.It is not the purpose of the certification program to specifyprocedures to be used in the design, manufacture, or fieldinstallation of floating-roof rim seals or deck fittings. Further-more, equipment should not necessarily be selected for usesolely on the basis of evaporative-loss
39、 considerations. Manyother factorssuch as tank operation, maintenance, andsafetyare important in designing and selecting tank equip-ment for a given application.1 ScopeThis standard illustrates how other standards of the APIMPMS, Chapter 19.3, referenced below, are integrated intothe overall certifi
40、cation program, and it presents proceduresfor the evaluations to be performed by API under this pro-gram. These evaluations include review of the start-up docu-mentation for registered testing laboratories, approval ofproposed protocol testing for individual devices, monitoringof the tests, and anal
41、ysis of test results.This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations,and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety problems associated with its use. It is the respon-sibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and de
42、termine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2 ReferencesThe most recent editions of the following standards containprovisions that, through reference in this text, constitute a partof this standard.API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS)Chapter 15“Guidelines for the U
43、se of the Interna-tional System of Units (SI) in the Petroleumand Allied Industries”Chapter 19.2“Evaporative Loss from Floating-RoofTanks”Chapter 19.3Part A, “Wind Tunnel Test Method for theMeasurement of Deck-Fitting Loss Fac-tors for External Floating-Roof Tanks”Chapter 19.3Part B, “Air Concentrat
44、ion Test Methodfor the Measurement of Rim-Seal LossFactors for Floating-Roof Tanks”Chapter 19.3Part C, “Weight Loss Test Method for theMeasurement of Rim-Seal Loss Factors forInternal Floating-Roof Tanks”Chapter 19.3Part E, “Weight Loss Test Method for theMeasurement of Deck-Fitting Loss Fac-tors fo
45、r Internal Floating-Roof Tanks”Chapter 19.3Part F, “Evaporative Loss Factor for Stor-age Tanks Certification Program”Chapter 19.3Part G, “Certified Loss Factor TestingLaboratory Registration” Publ 2517DDocumentation File for API Publication2517Evaporative Loss from ExternalFloating-Roof TanksASTM1D
46、323Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petro-leum Products (Reid Method)3 Terminology3.1 DEFINITIONS3.1.1 certification petition:The documentation of testresults submitted to API by a petitioner for the purpose ofapplying for a certified loss factor for a given device.3.1.2 certification program:The A
47、PI Tank Seals andFittings Certification Program, by which petitioners may havethe evaporative loss factors of proprietary floating-roofdevices measured by laboratories that are registered with APIfor that purpose; and the review by API, at the petitionersdiscretion, of a certification petition for a
48、pproval and publica-tion of a certified loss factor.3.1.3 data acquisition:The process of receiving signalsfrom the sensors, determining the values corresponding to thesignals, and recording the results.3.1.4 deck:That part of a floating roof which providesbuoyancy and structure, and which covers th
49、e majority of theliquid surface in a bulk liquid storage tank. The deck has an1American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428.2CHAPTER19.3EVAPORATIVELOSSMEASUREMENTannular space around its perimeter to allow it to rise anddescend (as the tank is filled and emptied) without bindingagainst the tank shell. This annular space is closed by a flexi-ble device called a rim seal. The deck may also have penetra-tions, closed by deck fittings, which accommodate somefunctional or operational feature of the tank.3.1.5 deck fitting
