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1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 20.3Measurement of Multiphase FlowFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2013Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 20.3Measurement of Multiphase FlowMeasurement Coordination DepartmentFIRST EDITION, JANUARY 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily addre

2、ss problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied

3、, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consult

4、ants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Insti

5、tute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publ

6、ications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publicat

7、ion of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard.

8、 API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing

9、 the information contained herein.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with authoriti

10、es having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials andconditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safetydata sheet.All rights reserved. No part of this w

11、ork may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Co

12、pyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis edition of API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 20.3 supersedes APIRecommended Practice 86-2005 8, which is withdrawn.This edition of API MPMS Chapter 20.3 also supersedes the below listed sections of API MPMS Chapter 20.1

13、,Allocation Measurement, First Edition, 1993: Section 1.16.1Flow Measurement Systems, Section 1.16.3Proving and Calibration Techniques and Equipment, Section 1.16.3.1Equipment Considerations, Section 1.16.3.2Field Test Separators, and Section 1.16.3.3Portable Test Separators.This edition of API MPMS

14、 Chapter 20.3 also supersedes the below listed sections of API Recommended Practice 85,Use of Subsea Wet-gas Flowmeters in Allocation Measurement Systems, First Edition, 2003: Section 4Subsea Meter Calibration and Testing, Section 6.1Overview, Section 6.2Normal Operating Conditions Over Field Life,

15、Section 6.2.1Pressure, Section 6.2.2Temperature, Section 6.2.3Flow Rates, Section 6.2.4Gas and Liquid Volume Fractions (GVF/LVF), Section 6.2.5Water Volume Fraction, Watercut, Section 6.2.6Fluid Properties, Section 6.3Measurement Uncertainty Expected for Normal Operating Conditions, Section 6.4Desig

16、n Considerations, Section 6.4.1External Design Pressure, Section 6.4.2Internal Design Pressure, Section 6.4.3Material Selection and Manufacture, Section 6.4.4Erosion and Corrosion, Section 6.4.5Hydrate Susceptibly Analysis,iii Section 6.4.6In-situ Re-Calibration, Section 6.4.7Sensor Redundancy, Sect

17、ion 6.4.8Leak Path Minimization, Section 6.4.9Installability/Removability from Service, Section 6.4.10Stresses Due to Environmental Conditions, Section 6.4.10.1Handling, Lifting and Installation, Section 6.4.10.2Thermal Effects, Section 6.4.10.3Pressure, Section 6.4.10.4Hydrodynamic Loading, Section

18、 6.4.10.5Impact Loading, Section 6.4.11Collapse, Section 6.4.12Other Factors, Section 6.4.12.1Sensor Accuracy, Section 6.4.12.2Power Requirements, Section 6.4.12.3Mechanical Protection, Section 6.4.12.4Software Development, Section 6.5Installation Effects on Measurement, Section 6.6Additional Testin

19、g on Measurement Systems Section 6.6.1Systems Integration Test (SIT), Section 6.6.2Installation Demonstration, Section 6.6.3Software Testing, Section 6.7Routine Verification, Section 6.7.1Comparison of Redundant Sensors, Section 6.7.2Monthly System Balance Check, Section 6.7.3Sensor Zero and Offset

20、check at Shut-in, Section 6.7.4Other Recommended Diagnostics.ivNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingconta

21、ined in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is

22、advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the cont

23、ent of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate al

24、l or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be asc

25、ertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington

26、, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.vContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Abbreviations and Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Multiphase and Wet Gas Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 Multiphase Flow RegimesOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Multiphase Flow RegimesGraphical Represe

30、ntation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 Composition and Fluid Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 Piping Aspects of Multiphase Flow. . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.6 Multiphase Operating Envelope (OE), Well Production Profile, and Trajectory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Techniques of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.1 In-line Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.2 Compact or Partial Separation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.3 Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Multiphase Flow Metering SystemsCalibration, Corr

34、ection, Performance Testing, and Verification . 265.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.2 Sensor Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.3 Static Meter Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.4 Operating Condition Testing . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.5 Test/Verification in a Reference Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.6 Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.7 System Integration Test (SIT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.8 Commissioning .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.9 Site Acceptance Test (SAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . 295.10 Ongoing Testing/Verification at the Production Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.11 Fluid Property Determination/Sampling/Fluids Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.12 PVT Ch

40、aracterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.13 Other Performance Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . 336 Multiphase Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.2 Uncertainty Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.3 Uncertainty Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.4 Multiphase/Wet Gas Flow Measurement Systems Uncertainty DeterminationMethodologies . . . . . . 406.5 Influence Factors and Their Effect on Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . 416.6 Uncertainty Changes During Field Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.7 Graphical Representations of Multiphase Measurement Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.8 Requirements

45、 for Documenting of Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Operation and Application of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.1 Radiation Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.2 Flow Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.3 Allocat

47、ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.4 Bypass of Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.5 Additional Applications of Multiphase Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48viiPage8 Selection of Multiphase Flow Metering Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . 488.1 Intended Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.2 Meter Selection Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.3 Meter Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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