1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 1General Considerations forMeasurement by MetersFOURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2005ERRATA, JUNE 12, 2008ERRATA 2, JUNE 27, 2011REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2011Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 1General Considerations fo
2、rMeasurement by MetersMeasurement CoordinationFOURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2005ERRATA, JUNE 12, 2008ERRATA 2, JUNE 27, 2011REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2011Date of Issue: June 27, 2011 Affected Publication: API MPMS Chapter 5.1, General Considerations for Measurement by Meters, 4thEdition, October 2005 ERRATA 2 (
3、This errata contains changes made in an Errata published June 12, 2008) Remove Paragraph 5.1.6.3 i Paragraph 5.1.9.4.2, the reference at the end of the paragraph should read: (see 5.1.9.5) Date of Issue: June 12, 2008 Affected Publication: API MPMS Chapter 5.1, General Considerations for Measurement
4、 by Meters, 4thEdition, October 2005 ERRATA Paragraph 5.1.9.4.2, the reference at the end of the paragraph should read: (see 5.1.9.5) SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulati
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12、N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2005 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDChapter 5 of the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (API MPMS) pro-vides recommendations, based on best industry practice, for the custody transfer metering ofliquid hydrocarbons. The various sections of this
13、Chapter are intended to be used in con-junction with API MPMS Chapter 6 to provide design criteria for custody transfer meteringencountered in most aircraft, marine, pipeline, and terminal applications. The informationcontained in this chapter may also be applied to non-custody transfer metering.The
14、 chapter deals with the principal types of meters currently in use: displacement meters,turbine meters and Coriolis meters. If other types of meters gain wide acceptance for themeasurement of liquid hydrocarbon custody transfers, they will be included in subsequentsections of this chapter.Nothing co
15、ntained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liabil
16、ity for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication
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19、 Standards Department, telephone(202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually andupdated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and PublicationsDepartment, API, 1220 L
20、Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage5.1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.1.2 SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . .15.1.2.1 Field of Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.1.3 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.1.4 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF METER INSTALLAT
22、IONS . . . . . .15.1.5 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING METERS AND METER ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.1.6 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING TYPE OF METER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.1.6.1 Displacement Meters . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.1.6.2 TurbineMeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.1.6.3 Coriolis Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.
24、1.7 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1.7.1 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.1.7.2 Piping Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.1.7.3 Electrical Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.1.8 METER PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.1.9 METER
26、OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.9.1 Conditions That Affect Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.9.2 Precautions for Operating Newly Installed Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.9.3 Instructions fo
27、r Operating Meter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.9.4 Meter Proving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.9.5 Methods of Controlling Meter Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.1.9.6
28、 Meter Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Figures1 Selection Guide for Displacement and Turbine Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Turbine Meter Performance Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . .6v1Manual of Petroleum Measurements StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 1General Considerations for Measurement by Meters5.1.1 IntroductionAPI MPMS Chapter 5 covers the general installation andoperation of meters and accessory equipment, without respectto the arrangements necessary t
30、o meet special problems. Theguidelines are common to all metering systems, but appropri-ate precautions should be taken when they are used for spe-cialized metering systems, as discussed in API MPMSChapter 6, “Metering Assemblies,” and for mass measure-ment, as discussed in API MPMS Chapter 14.8, “L
31、iquefiedPetroleum Gas Measurement.”Some of the advantages of metering are as follows:a. Metering can increase the availability of tanks, since notank needs to be isolated for the sole purpose ofmeasurement.b. Metering lends itself to the calculation, indication, and dis-play of instantaneous flow ra
32、te and volume.c. Metering can deliver a measured volume taken from sev-eral sources at the same time into a single receiver, or it candeliver a measured volume taken from a single source intoseveral receivers.d. Metering accuracy can be readily checked by the use ofstandard references.e. Metering al
33、lows dynamic volume averaging of tempera-tures and samples to be applied to volumes.This publication does not endorse or advocate the preferen-tial use of any specific type of equipment or systems, nor is itintended to restrict future development of such equipment.5.1.2 ScopeAPI MPMS Chapter 5 is in
34、tended to be a guide for theproper specification, installation, and operation of meter runsdesigned to dynamically measure liquid hydrocarbons so thatacceptable accuracy, service life, safety, reliability, and qual-ity control can be achieved. API MPMS Chapter 5 alsoincludes information that will as
35、sist in troubleshooting andimproving the performance of meters.5.1.2.1 FIELD OF APPLICATIONThe field of application of API MPMS Chapter 5 is themeasurement of liquid hydrocarbons and chemicals by meter,at the temperature and pressure conditions that prevail insidea meter during flowing conditions. A
36、PI MPMS Chapter 5 isalso concerned with the metering of hydrocarbons that can,by heating, cooling, and/or compressing, be made and keptliquid by maintaining the proper temperature and pressure. The chapter does not apply to the metering of two-phasefluids.5.1.3 Referenced PublicationsAs stated in th
37、e foreword, this edition of API MPMS Chap-ter 5 contains six main sections; others may be added if theneed arises. The current editions of the following API MPMSStandards contain information applicable to this chapter:API Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 1 “Vocabulary”Chapter 4 “Prov
38、ing Systems”Chapter 6 “Metering Assemblies”Chapter 7 “Temperature”Chapter 8 “Sampling”Chapter 9 “Density”Chapter 11 “Physical Properties Data”Chapter 12 “Statistical Aspects of Measuring andSampling”Chapter 13 “Application of Statistical Methods”Chapter 14 “Natural Gas Fluids Measurement”Chapter 20.
39、1 “Allocation Measurement”Chapter 21.2 “Flow Measurement Using ElectronicMetering Systems”5.1.4 Considerations for the Design of Meter InstallationsThe design of meter installations should take into accountthe following considerations:a. The installation should be capable of satisfying therequired p
40、erformance characteristics for the applicationbetween the maximum and minimum flow rates, at the maxi-mum operating pressure, and over the temperature range andliquid types to be measured. If necessary, the installationshould include protective devices that keep the operation ofthe meter within desi
41、gn limits.b. The installation should ensure a maximum, dependableoperating life. Strainers, filters, air/vapor eliminators, or otherprotective devices may be provided upstream of the meter toremove solids and/or gases that could cause meter damage,premature meter wear and/or measurement error.c. The
42、 installation should maintain adequate pressure on theliquid in the metering system at all temperatures to ensure2CHAPTER 5METERINGthat the fluid being measured will be in the liquid state at alltimes.d. The installation should provide for proving each meter andshould be capable of duplicating norma
43、l operating conditionsat the time of proving.e. The installation should ensure, where necessary, appropri-ate flow conditioning both upstream and downstream of themeter or meters.f. The installation should comply with all applicable regula-tions and codes.5.1.5 Factors to Consider in Selecting Meter
44、s and Meter Accessory Equipment API MPMS Chapter 5.4 provides information that willassist in selecting the appropriate meter accessory equipment.In addition, the manufacturer should be consulted anddetailed consideration should be given to the following items:a. The properties of the metered liquids
45、, including viscosity,density, vapor pressure, toxicity, corrosiveness, abrasivenessand lubricating ability. Toxic and environmentally controlledfluids must receive special consideration to prevent and con-trol potential leaks or spills.b. The operating flow rates and whether the flow is continu-ous
46、, intermittent, fluctuating, bidirectional, and/or reversible.c. The performance specifications (e.g., meter linearity andrepeatability) that are required for the application (e.g., seeFigure 1). d. The class and type of piping connections and materialsand the dimensions of the equipment to be used.
47、e. The space required for the meter installation and the prov-ing facility.f. The range of operating pressures (including surges),acceptable pressure losses through the meter, and whetherpressure on the liquid is adequate to prevent vaporization.g. The operating temperature range and the applicabili
48、ty ofautomatic temperature compensation.h. The effects of corrosive contaminants on the meter.i. The quantity and size of foreign matter, including abrasiveparticles, carried in the liquid stream.j. The types of readout and printout devices or systems to beused, signal preamplification (see API MPMS
49、 Chapter 5.4),and the standard units of volume or mass that are required.k. The type, method, and frequency of proving (see APIMPMS Chapter 4).l. The method by which a meter can be proved at its normaloperating rate and the method by which a meter in a bank ofmeters can be put on or taken off line as the total ratechanges.m. Whether volume or mass registration is required.n. The method of factoring a meters registration.o. The need for accessory equipment, such as totalizers,pulsers, additive injection apparatus, combinators, anddevices for controlling delivery of a predetermined
