1、Designation: B1009 18Standard Specification forTitanium Alloy Bars for Near Surface Mounts in CivilStructures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B1009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers titanium alloy bars with sur-face deformations and 90-degree anchorage hooks for use asnear su
3、rface mounts for flexural and shear strengthening ofconcrete beams. The product can be furnished with or withoutanchorage hooks as specified by the purchaser. If suppliedwithout hooks, the hooks shall be bent on-site prior toinstallation, as this method requires two 90-degree anchoragehooks.1.2 The
4、values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
5、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized
6、 principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A944 Test Method for Compa
7、ring Bond Strength of SteelReinforcing Bars to Concrete Using Beam-End Speci-mensB348 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Barsand BilletsD7913/D7913M Test Method for Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars to Concreteby Pullout TestingE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension
8、 Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE539 Test Method forAnalysis of TitaniumAlloys by X-RayFluorescence SpectrometryE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys
9、 by Inert Gas FusionE1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion ThermalConductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and TheirAlloys by CombustionAnalysisE2371 Test Metho
10、d for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively CoupledPlasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)3E2994 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium an
11、d TitaniumAlloys by SparkAtomic Emission Spectrometry and GlowDischarge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Method)2.2 CRSI Standard:4CRSI Manual of Standard Practice2.3 ACI Standard:5ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specif
12、ic to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. DOI:10.1520/B1009-XX.2For referenced
13、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.as
14、tm.org.4Available from Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), 933 N. PlumGrove Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60173, www.crsi.org.5Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), 38800 Country Club Dr.,Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3439, www.concrete.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
15、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issu
16、ed by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.1 bar, na hot rolled, forged, extruded or cold workedsemi-finished solid section product whose cross-sectional areais equal to or less than 16 in.2(10 323 mm2).3.1.2 bonding material, nmaterial used to bond the tita-
17、nium near surface mount to the concrete substrate; thesematerials can include epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester resins, andcementitious grouts.3.1.3 deformed bar, ntitanium bar with rough surface topromote bond strength with bonding material and concrete; abar that is intended for use as reinforcement i
18、n concreteconstruction.3.1.4 out to out dimension, nif a bar contains two 90-degree anchorage hooks, it is the dimension from the outside ofthe one hook to the outside of the other hook.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information as
19、applicable:4.1.1 Quantity (length),4.1.2 Bar designation number (size) of deformed bars,4.1.3 Number of anchorage hooks (0, 1, or 2) to be suppliedby manufacturer along with length and bend diameter of hookper CRSI Manual of Standard Practice,4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.5 Mechanical
20、 Properties or Class (Table 1),4.1.6 Marking (Section 15.1),4.1.7 Packaging (Section 15.2),4.1.8 Required reports (Section 14), and4.1.9 Disposition of rejected material (Section 13).4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additionalrequirements including but not limited to, the following
21、:4.2.1 Require bars in each bundle to be supplied from asingle heat,4.2.2 Requirements for inspection,4.2.3 Other special requirements.5. Chemical Composition5.1 The titanium alloy metal covered by this specificationshall conform to the requirements as to the chemical compo-sition prescribed in Tabl
22、e 2 (reference Specification B348Grade 5).5.1.1 The elements listed in Table 3 are intentional alloyadditions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture oftitanium sponge, ingot or mill product.5.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 2 aredeemed to be capable of occurring in the gra
23、des listed in Table2 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrapadditions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis forelements not listed in Table 2 shall not be required unlessspecified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intentof this specification.5.1.2 Elements intenti
24、onally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis.5.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser andrequested by the purchaser in his written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in this specificatio
25、n.5.3 Product Analysis:5.3.1 Product analysis tolerances do not broaden the speci-fied heat analysis requirements but cover variations betweenlaboratories in the measurement of chemical content. Themanufacturer shall not ship material which is outside the limitsspecified in Table 2. Product analysis
26、 limits shall be asspecified in Table 3.5.3.2 The product analysis is either for the purpose ofverifying the composition of a heat or manufacturing lot or fordetermining variations in the composition within the heat.5.3.3 Acceptance or rejection of a heat or manufacturing lotof a material must be ma
27、de by the purchaser on the basis of thisproduct analysis. Product analyses outside the tolerance limitsallowed in Table 3 are cause for rejection of the product. Areferee analysis may be used if agreed upon by supplier andpurchaser.5.3.4 For referee purposes, use Test Methods E539, E1409,E1447, E194
28、1, E2371, E2626, and E2994 or other analyticalmethods agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.5.4 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative ofthe material being tested. The utmost care must be used insampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its greataffinity for elem
29、ents such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.Therefore, in cutting samples for analysis, the operation shouldbe carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere.Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should beclean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored insuitable con
30、tainers.5.5 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall betested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall betaken from the ingot or from the opposite extremes of theproduct to be analyzed.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Material supplied under this specification shall conformto the mechanic
31、al property requirements given in Table 1,asapplicable. Higher strength bars can be ordered if agreed uponbetween purchaser and supplier.6.2 Tension testing specimens shall be the full cross-sectionof the as-supplied bar with surface deformations and tested inaccordance with Test Method E8/E8M. Unit
32、 stress determina-tions for yield and tensile strength shall be based on theaverage cross sectional-area defined in 8.2. Tensile propertiesshall be determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007in./in./min through the specified yield strength, and thenincreasing the rate so as to produce failure i
33、n approximatelyone additional minute.TABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsClassTensile Strength,minYield Strength(0.2 % Offset),min or rangeElongation in4D, min %ksi MPa ksi MPa120 130 895 120 828 10130 140 965 130 895 10B1009 1827. Bond Strength7.1 To enhance bond along the length of the titanium alloybar,
34、surface deformations are required. The surface deforma-tions may be rolled or machined or produced by anothersuitable method to deform the surface. The surface deforma-tions shall be sufficient to preclude failure along the titaniumalloy bar-bonding material interface. The deformations must becapabl
35、e of producing 1.0 ksi (6.9 MPa) average bond stressover the bar surface area based on nominal circumferencealong the straight length of the titanium alloy bar in a directpullout configuration to enable development of the nominalyield stress. The supplier must have evidence that the chosendeformatio
36、n pattern meets the bond strength requirement basedon a pullout test. The type of test shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the producer.8. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations8.1 SizeThe standard sizes and dimensions of the de-formed bars and their number designations are given i
37、n Table4.8.2 Cross-sectional AreaThe cross-sectional area of thebars with surface deformations shall be established based onthe weight of a bar of known length. The minimum length to beused is 3 ft (1 m). The total weight shall be divided by thetitanium unit weight of 276 lb/ft3(4419 kg/m3) and the
38、totalbar length to determine the nominal bar area. A minimum of 5bars shall be used to develop the average (Ti) and standarddeviation (Ti) of the cross-sectional area for a production run.The cross-sectional area used for design, (ATi) shall be deter-mined as:ATi5 ATi2 3.0Tiand reported by the manuf
39、acturer for use in design.8.3 Permissible Variations in Weight (Mass)Deformedbars shall be evaluated on the basis of nominal weight (mass).The weight (mass) determined using the measured weight(mass) of the test specimen and rounding in accordance withPractice E29, shall be at least 94 % of the appl
40、icable weight(mass) per unit length prescribed in Table 4. In no case shalloverweight (excess mass) of any deformed bar be the cause forrejection.8.4 LengthThe length tolerance of each bar shall be -0 in./ +6 in. (-0 mm / + 152 mm) with zero or one hooked end.Hook length tolerance to be provided by
41、purchaser. Out to outtolerance to be provided by purchaser if requesting both hooksto be bent by manufacturer.9. Bending Requirements9.1 The bend-test specimen shall withstand being bentaround a mandrel without cracking on the outside radius of thebent portion. The bar may be heated up to 1250F (677
42、C)prior to bending. The bars shall have a final bend of 90 andshall account for any spring back. The requirements for sizes ofmandrels are prescribed in Table 5.9.2 The bend test shall be made on specimens of specificlength to ensure free bending and with apparatus that provides:9.2.1 Continuous and
43、 uniform application of force through-out the duration of the bending operation.9.2.2 Unrestricted movement of the specimen at points ofcontact with the apparatus and bending around a mandrel freeto rotate.9.2.3 Close wrapping of the specimen around the mandrelduring the bending operation.TABLE 2 Ch
44、emical RequirementsComposition, Weight PercentA,B,C,D,EGradeCarbon,maxOxygen,maxNitrogen,maxHydrogen,maxIron,maxAluminum VanadiumOtherElements,max eachOtherElements,max total5 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.015 0.40 5.5-6.75 3.5-4.5 0.1 0.4AAt minimum, the analysis of samples from the top and bottom of the ingot
45、shall be completed and reported for all elements listed for the respective grade in this table.BFinal product hydrogen shall be reported. Ingot hydrogen need not be reported. Lower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.CSingle values are maximum. The percentage of titanium is
46、 determined by difference.DOther elements need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each, or 0.4 % total. Other elements may not be added intentionally. Otherelements may be present in titanium or titanium alloys in small quantities and are inherent to the manufacturi
47、ng process. In titanium these elements typically includealuminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron,manganese, and tungstenEThe purchaser may, in the written purchase order, reque
48、st analysis for specific elements not listed in this specification.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Product AnalysisElementProduct Analysis Limits,max or Range, %Permissible Variation inProduct AnalysisAluminum 2.5-6.75 0.40Carbon 0.10 +0.02Hydrogen 0.02 +0.002Iron 0.80 +0.15Nitrogen 0.05 +0.02Oxyg
49、en 0.30 +0.03Vanadium 0.6-4.5 0.15Residuals,Aeach 0.15 +0.02AA residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities and isinherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium theseelements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium,zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt,tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.TABLE 4 Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nominal Diameter,Nominal WeightBar DesignationNo.Nominal DiameterAin. (mm)Nominal Weightlb/ft (kg
