1、Designation: C1618M 13C1618M 19Standard Test Method forConcrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe by Negative (Vacuum) orPositive Air Pressure (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1618M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precast concrete pipe sections, prior to
3、delivery, where maximum fieldleakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be used at the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are not intendedfor testing installed pipe (for field tests see Practices C924, C969, and C1214). The user of this specification
4、is advised thatindividual or multiple pipe sections may be tested for the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally the joints in straightalignment when multiple pipe sections are tested.1.3 Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameter and
5、are constant for any lengthof test pipe or pipeline.1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However,since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have be
6、en successfulwhen tested with water. The leakage rates of 0.0017 CFM/ft2 and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determined empirically as the maximumsfor pipe to meet the 50 and 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates, respectively1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
7、 standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe varies from location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability andrecommendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety co
8、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish the appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determinethe applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use. See Section 6 for specific safety precauti
9、ons.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers t
10、o Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines by Low-Pressure Air Test Method (Withdrawn 2013)3C969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of
11、 Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesC1214 Test Method for Concrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to precast concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The pipe to be tested shal
12、l be sealed at the outer ends with suitable airtight bulkheads. The manufacturer shall choose touse either low-pressure air or negative pressure air (vacuum) test methods to evaluate the condition of the pipe before delivery.The change in the internal pressure during a specified time is used to dete
13、rmine the acceptability of the pipe.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2019. Published December 2013January 2019. Originally approv
14、ed in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asC1618M 05C1618M 13.(2013). DOI: 10.1520/C1618M-13.10.1520/C1618M-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer t
15、o the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websiteThis document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
16、 accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
17、d States15. Significance and Use5.1 This is a quality test control performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets theleakage limits stated in the specifications.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The user of this specification is advised of the following:6.1.1 This t
18、est may be dangerous if a pipe is not prepared properly and proper procedures are not followed.6.1.2 No one should be allowed near the ends of the pipe or test bulkheads during the test.7. Apparatus7.1 For positive air pressure test, one bulkhead shall include a remote controlled valve that will rel
19、ease the internal test pressure.7.1 For the low-pressure air test, tie rods or an external test frame that is designed to resist the force caused by internal airpressure shall be used to restrain the bulkheads. The low-pressure air test assembly shall be protected by a relief valve set to releaseat
20、a pressure no greater than 42 kPa. The The bulkheads used for negative pressure air tests do not require external restraints.7.2 The pressure or vacuum pumpspump shall have adequate capacity to obtain the required test pressure.7.3 The test pressure shall be measured with a gage or manometer that is
21、 precise enough to measure the increments of pressurechange specified by this standard.7.4 The pressure measuring devices shall be located in a safe area where they can be observed without danger to test personnel.8. Preparation of the Pipe8.1 Allow the test pipe to cool to ambient air temperature.N
22、OTE 2A wetted pipe is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Air may pass through the walls of dry pipe.8.2 The pipe joint shall be visually inspected for smoothness. The dimensions of the gasket bearing surfaces shall be verifiedto be within tolerances that were established in the
23、 design criteria.8.3 Test bulkheads shall be installed on the outer ends of the pipe section(s).8.4 Longitudinal tie rods or an external test frame shall be used to secure bulkheads used for low-pressure air tests. Reviewsafety precautions found in Section 6.9. Procedure for Negative Air Pressure (V
24、acuum) Test9.1 Negative air pressure tests are intended for use on pipe 2400 mm in diameter and smaller.9.2 A vacuum pump shall be used to increase the negative pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the manometer readsapproximately 27.6 kPa. Close off the vacuum source.9.3 When the negative pressure
25、 and temperature have stabilized and the negative pressure is less than the starting test pressureof 24.1 kPa, begin the test by allowing the negative pressure to increase to 24.1 kPa. At that point, the recording of test time shallbe initiated. If the change in pressure is no greater than 0.3667 kP
26、a in the test time specified in Table 1, the pipe is acceptable.NOTE 3The manufacturer is not prohibited from increasing the test pressure above the required 24.1 kPa and reducing the test times found in Table1 proportional to the increase in test pressure. The allowable change in pressure of 0.3667
27、 kPa must be maintained.10. Procedure For Positive Air Pressure Test10.1 Positive pressure air tests are intended to be used on pipe 600 mm in diameter and smaller.10.2 A pressure pump shall be used to increase the internal air pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the pressure gage readsapproximate
28、ly 27.6 kPa. Close off the air pressure source.10.3 When the pressure and temperature have stabilized and the pressure is above the starting test pressure of 24 kPa, beginthe test by allowing the pressure to drop to 24 kPa. At that point, the recording of the test time shall be initiated. If the dro
29、p inpressure is no greater than 0.3668 kPa in the test time specified in Table 2, the pipe is acceptable.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of being made either on the precision or bias of this procedure since the testresults merely state whether there is confor
30、mance to criteria for the success specified. Due to sealing effects of ground water andinternal flow on the pipeline, the test conditions and results are not reproducible.11. Repairs11.1 This specification does not prohibit concrete pipe sections that fail the air leakage test from being repaired an
31、d retested.C1618M 192ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
32、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo
33、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
34、 to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM
35、at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600;
36、http:/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.TABLE 2 Test Times For Positive Air Pressure Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure decrease of 0.3668 kPa was chosen because it corresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 38 mm (37.4015mm exactly)
37、 and a change in manometer oil column height (specific gravity 2.945) of 12 mm.Test times shall be increased proportionally if larger changesin the height of the manometer column are required.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculating the test times, were chosen based on two g
38、enerally accepted field air and vacuumtest criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length of test pipeor pipeline.Pipe Size, mm 0.000523 CMM/m2 0.000921 CMM/m2300 32 18375 41 23450 49 28525 57 32600 64 36T
39、ABLE 1 Test Times For Negative Pressure Air Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure increase of 0.3667 kPa was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 38 mm(37.4015 mm exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) of 12 mm. Test times sha
40、ll be increased propor-tionally if larger changes in the height of the manometer column arerequired.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rat
41、es and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, mm 0.000523 CMM/m2 0.000921 CMM/m2300 32 18375 41 23450 49 28525 57 32600 64 36675 73 41750 81 46825 90 51900 97 551050 114 641200 128 721350 146 821500 162 921650 180 1021800 194 1101950 209 1182100 226 128C1618M 193
