1、Designation: C1825 181Standard Guide forDeveloping Specifications for Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEChanges were editorially made throughout the standard in December 2018.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides general guidance for developingASTM unit specifica
3、tion for masonry units manufactured withconstituent materials, manufacturing methods, and combina-tions thereof, that are not included in a currentASTM standard.This guide shall not be construed as permitting the use of aproduct conflicting with requirements of the governing build-ing code.1.2 This
4、standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This
5、 international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (
6、TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1072 Test Methods for Measurement of Masonry FlexuralBond StrengthC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1232 Terminology for MasonryC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of MasonryPrismsC1363 Test Method for Thermal Per
7、formance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusC1601 Test Method for Field Determination of Water Pen-etration of Masonry Wall SurfacesD3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on theSurface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-berD3345 Test Met
8、hod for Laboratory Evaluation of SolidWood for Resistance to TermitesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions andElementsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Co
9、nstructionand MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE514 Test Method for Water Penetration and LeakageThrough MasonryG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definition
10、s:3.1.1 Terminology defined in Terminologies C1180 andC1232 shall apply in this guide.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 non-traditional masonry units, nmasonry unitsmanufactured from constituent materials, methods, or combi-nation thereof, that are not included in current ASTM
11、 masonryunit specifications.4. Background of Guide4.1 Traditional masonry units, such as brick, structural claytile and concrete masonry units, have a long history of use aswell as broad applications in masonry assemblies. Unit speci-fications and test methods for these masonry units are wellestabli
12、shed and based on historical performance, empiricalevidence, research, and testing. Applying existing unit speci-fications to non-traditional masonry units may not address allpertinent properties necessary to ensure performance in realworld applications.4.2 As manufacturers continue to innovate, opp
13、ortunitiesare created for units manufactured from non-traditional1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.12 on Alternative Masonry Materials and Related Units.Current edition approved July 1, 2
14、018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/C182518E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
16、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1materials, methods, or combination thereof, not currentlycovered by any existing ASTM masonry unit specification.4.3 Non-traditional masonry units may require additionalevaluatio
17、n and assessment, in addition to those required oftraditional units, to ensure that the product is suitable for itsintended use.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for develop-ing ASTM unit specifications for nontraditional masonry units.The user of this guide is en
18、couraged to review the Form andStyle for ASTM Standards as well as the referenced unitspecifications and test methods. Note that not all items pre-sented in this guide are necessarily applicable or appropriate inall cases.5.2 ASTM specifications are not intended for proprietaryproducts, but rather f
19、or a class of products that multiplemanufacturers can produce, and are intended to ensure perfor-mance using those constituent materials or processes.Therefore, specific attributes that only relate to a specific brandshould be avoided.5.3 This guide does not identify the complete range ofconsiderati
20、ons that may be required for a masonry unitmanufactured using a non-traditional material. Traditionalmasonry units possess intrinsic properties that are commonlyassociated with masonry including but not limited to strength,fire resistance, durability, thermal and acoustical attributes.5.4 Non-tradit
21、ional masonry unit products may meet all thephysical property requirements of an existing ASTM standardunit specification, when tested using ASTM standard testmethods. Nevertheless, performance of non-traditional ma-sonry units is not assured since the intrinsic properties that areassociated with tr
22、aditional masonry units and assemblies maynot be specifically evaluated through testing for specificationcompliance. Additionally, compliance with the physical prop-erties in existing unit specifications does not mean thatnon-traditional units are in compliance with those specifica-tions as traditio
23、nal unit standards are only applicable to unitsproduced with those materials and processes defined withinthat specification (refer to Appendix X1).6. Procedure6.1 Preparation:6.1.1 Review the referenced Specifications, Test Methods,Terminology standards and Form and Style for ASTM Stan-dards for gen
24、eral background information and required sec-tions and components. Include all mandatory sections de-scribed by the Form and Style for ASTM Standards documentsduring the development of the unit specification.NOTE 1During this review, it may be determined that the product doesnot satisfy the definiti
25、on of a manufactured masonry unit and is outside ofthe scope of Committee C15. In that case, developing a unit specificationunder another ASTM committee can be considered.6.1.2 The unit specification must be written in a manner toavoid contractual language.6.1.3 Consider and develop mandatory and no
26、n-mandatorysections including but not limited to Scope, ReferencedDocuments, Terminology and Ordering Information Sections(see Section 7). Modify accordingly as the specification isdeveloped.6.1.4 Select appropriate standard test methods to determinethe required physical properties. All modification
27、s to thestandard test methods should be identified.7. Typical Sections7.1 The following list of sections are typically provided in aunit specification. Depending on the scope of the non-traditional unit specification some sections may not apply.7.2 Materials and Manufacturing:7.2.1 Constituent Mater
28、ial(s)Define the range of constitu-ent material(s) that may be used in the manufacture of themasonry unit. Include constituent materials and any additives.There may be a wide range of materials allowed by thespecification if specific performance criteria for the unit andassemblage are defined.7.2.2
29、Manufacturing ProcessDefine the manufacturingprocess and the mechanism(s) that bonds the materials in theunit.7.2.3 Coating or Surface TreatmentsConsideration shouldbe given to whether coatings or surface treatments at point ofmanufacture should or can be applied to the unit. The type anddurability
30、of those coatings should be established. Thereshould be a requirement that the effects of any coatings on theproperties and performance of the unit and the assembly beidentified and where possible, quantified.7.3 Defects and DeficienciesProvide limitations for de-fects and deficiencies that may inte
31、rfere with the proper layingof the unit or significantly impair the strength or performanceof the construction.7.4 Physical PropertiesPhysical properties are an impor-tant predictor of the unit performance as well as the perfor-mance of unit assemblies. The physical property requirementsof the speci
32、fication should ensure that the masonry unit andunit assemblies perform as required in use, both in theshort-term and long-term, including consideration of the vari-ous environments to which the unit and assembly likely will beexposed to in service. Consideration should be given whetherdifferent uni
33、t classifications will be needed for different appli-cations. These unit classifications will likely have differentphysical properties and specifications.7.4.1 StrengthMinimum unit strength requirements maybe required to ensure that when units are placed in an assembly,it will possess sufficient str
34、ength to retain integrity for itsintended application and use. Consideration needs to be givento whether the units are intended to be used in non-structuralfacing or structural applications, or both. Typical strengthrequirements include minimum compressive, flexural, andshear strengths. Effects of u
35、nit strengths on the structuralperformance of the assembly must be considered includingrequired, or limits on, mortar types or mortar properties shouldbe stated so that the anticipated performance is achieved.Strength may change with unit orientation and this shouldaddressed in the standard.C1825 18
36、127.4.2 AbsorptionConsideration needs to be given as towhether maximum or minimum absorption requirements arenecessary to ensure adequate unit performance, compatibilityof other materials in the assembly, and satisfactory minimumassembly performance.NOTE 2Traditional masonry unit specifications have
37、 used absorptionrequirements as indicators of various properties, such as unit quality,durability, compatibility with mortar, or combinations thereof. Some or allof these may be necessary with non-traditional masonry units.7.4.3 DensitySome traditional masonry unit specificationshave density require
38、ments. Densities of some units manufac-tured from traditional materials are dependent on the density ofthe material(s) within the unit. In addition, variations in thedensity of these materials may affect the physical characteris-tics of the units. Consideration should be given as to whetherdensity r
39、equirements should be provided.7.4.4 Soundness and Dimensional StabilityThe ability ofthe unit to remain sound in use and to be dimensional stableneeds to be addressed in the unit standard through control ofconstituents and or unit characteristics.7.4.5 Chemical CompatibilityChemical compatibility o
40、fthe units with other materials and components included in theassembly, or commonly found in other construction assembliesto which the units or its assemblies join or junction is importantand needs to be addressed in the unit standard through controlof constituents, unit characteristics, or notes fo
41、r materials toavoid in use.7.4.6 Volume Change:7.4.6.1 Moisture ExpansionNot all traditional masonryunit specifications provide moisture expansion requirements.Consideration should be given as to whether cyclic moistureexpansion requirements should be provided.7.4.6.2 Linear Drying ShrinkageNot all
42、traditional ma-sonry unit specifications provide linear drying shrinkage re-quirements. Consideration should be given as to whether cycliclinear drying shrinkage requirements should be provided.7.4.6.3 Thermal ExpansionNot all traditional masonryunit specifications provide thermal expansion requirem
43、ents.Consideration should be given as to whether cyclic thermalexpansion requirements should be provided.7.4.6.4 CreepNot all traditional masonry unit specifica-tions provide creep requirements. Consideration should begiven as to whether creep requirements should be provided.7.4.7 Durability:7.4.7.1
44、 Freezing and ThawingNot all traditional masonryunit specifications have explicit freezing and thawing durabil-ity requirements (some use strength and absorption limits toensure adequate performance). Consideration should be givento whether explicit freezing and thawing durability require-ments shou
45、ld be provided. Ideally, freezing and thawingrequirements should be correlated with in-situ performance ofthe units. In reality, this may be difficult in the time scalenecessary to allow for innovation and new product develop-ment (new products do not have decades of field performanceor testing data
46、). Existing masonry specifications have perfor-mance requirements based on parameters such as maximumbreakage, weight loss cracking requirements, or combinationsthereof. Performance requirements for non-traditional unitsmay use these performance criteria, or others more relevant tothe given unit. Co
47、nsideration shall be given to what type oftesting best ensures adequate performance in the field (con-tinuous versus discontinuous tests, level of saturation, brine orwater solutions should all be considered).7.4.7.2 Mold ResistanceNo traditional masonry unitspecifications have mold resistance requi
48、rements. The lowpotential for the unit assembly to promote the growth of moldduring service is an important aspect of masonry construction.Consideration should be given to whether the non-traditionalmasonry unit incorporates materials that may promote moldgrowth. One method that can be used to deter
49、mining whethera constituent material may support or encourage the growth ofmold or mildew is ASTM D3273, Standard Test Method forResistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of InteriorCoatings in an Environmental Chamber.7.4.7.3 Termite ResistanceTraditional masonry unit speci-fications have no termite resistance requirements. In regionsprone to subterranean termite infestation, the InternationalBuilding Code and the International Residential Code providerequirements on materials that can be placed in contact with ornear the ground. Consideration should be gi
