1、Designation: C413 01 (Reapproved 2012)C413 18Standard Test Method forAbsorption of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts,Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of De
3、fense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the absorption of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacings, andpolymer concretes. These materials may be based on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 Mold Method A is used for systems containing aggregates les
4、s than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) in size. Mold Method B is usedfor systems containing aggregates from 0.0625 to 0.4 in. (1.6 to 10 mm) in size. Mold Method C is used for systems containingaggregates larger than 0.4 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values giv
5、en in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establis
6、h appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Princip
7、les for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders VerticallyC904 Terminolog
8、y Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic MaterialsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test met
9、hod, see Terminology C904.4. Significance and Use4.1 The results obtained by this test method should serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. No attempt has been made to incorporate in the test method all the variousf
10、actors which may affect the performance of a material when subjected to actual service.4.2 This is not a test for permeability and the test results are not to be interpreted as a measurement of, or indication of, thepermeability properties of the materials tested.5. Apparatus5.1 Equipment, capable o
11、f weighing materials or specimens and for determining specific gravity to 60.03 % accuracy.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coa
12、tings.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012July 1, 2018. Published September 2012November 2018. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20062012as C413 01 (2006).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/C0413-01R12.10.1520/C0413-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.o
13、rg, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of w
14、hat changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered t
15、he official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting of a flat-bottom container of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, and a trowelhaving a 4 to 5 in. (100 to 125 mm) bla
16、de, and a spatula or a rounded-end rod.5.3 Container, a glass flask of suitable size to hold the specimens and the water and connected reflux condenser.5.4 Equipment for Heating, a hot plate or heating mantle.5.5 Specimen Molds:5.5.1 Mold Method AThese molds shall be right cylinders 1 6 132 in. (25
17、6 0.8 mm) in diameter by 1 6 132 in. (25 6 0.8mm) high. The molds may be constructed in any manner that will allow formation of a test specimen of the desired size. Typicalmolds may consist of a 1 in. thick flat plastic sheet in which 1 in. diameter, smooth-sided holes have been cut, and to the bott
18、omof which a 14 in. (6 mm) thick flat plastic sheet (without matching holes), is attached by means of screws or bolts. Alternatively,the molds may consist of sections of round plastic tubing or pipe, 1 in. in inside diameter and 1 in. long, having sufficient wallthickness to be rigid and retain dime
19、nsional stability during the molding operation, and a 14 in. thick flat plastic sheet on whichone open end of each section can be rested. With the latter style of mold, the tubing segment may be sealed with a material suchas caulking compound or stopcock grease. For most types of specimens it is sat
20、isfactory to simply seal one end of the tubingsegment with strips of 2 in. wide masking tape.NOTE 1For use with sulfur materials, an additional piece of flat plastic sheet at least 18 in. (3 mm) thick containing a 14 in. (6 mm) hole and a sectionof plastic tubing 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. h
21、igh are required. They are used to form a pouring gate and reservoir in the preparation of sulfurmaterial specimens.5.5.2 Mold Method BMolds for the 2 in. (50 mm) cube specimens shall be tight fitting and leakproof. The parts of the molds,when assembled, shall be positively held together. The molds
22、shall be made of metal not attacked by the material. The sides ofthe molds shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent spreading or warping. The interior faces of the molds shall be manufactured toensure plane surfaces with a permissible variation of 0.002 in. (0.05 mm). The distances between opposite fa
23、ces shall be 2 6 116in. (50 6 0.8 mm). The height of the molds, measured separately for each cube compartment, shall be 2 6 116 in. The anglebetween adjacent interior faces and top and bottom planes of the mold shall be 90 6 0.5 measured at points slightly removed fromthe intersection of the faces.5
24、.5.3 Mold Method CMolds shall be right cylinders made of heavy gage metal or other nonabsorbent material. The cylinderdiameter shall be at least four times the nominal maximum aggregate size in the mix. The minimum cylinder diameter shall be2 in. (50 mm). The cylinder height shall be two times the d
25、iameter. The plane of the rim of the mold shall be at right angles tothe axis within 0.5. The mold shall be at right angles to the axis within 0.5. The mold shall not vary from the prescribed diameterby more than 116 in. (1.5 mm) nor from the prescribed height by more than 18 in. (3 mm). Molds shall
26、 be provided with a flat baseplate with a means for securing it to the mold at a right angle to the axis of the cylinder in the instance of reusable metal molds.Single-use molds shall conform to Specification C470/C470M.NOTE 2The material from which the mold is constructed must be corrosion resistan
27、t and have antistick properties. Polyethylene, polypropylene,polytetrafluoroethylene, and metal forms having either a sintered coating of tetrafluoroethylene or a suitable release agent compatible with the materialbeing tested are satisfactory. Because of their superior heat resistance, only trifluo
28、rochloroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene mold release agents should beused with sulfur materials.6. Temperature6.1 The temperature in the vicinity of the mixing operation shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).7. Test Specimens7.1 Number of SpecimensAt least six specimens shall be prepared.7.2 Preparation of Sp
29、ecimens:7.2.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficient amount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the molds one-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end
30、rod. Fill the remainder of the mold, working down into the previously placedportion. Upon completion of the filling operation, the tops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops of the molds.When the molds have been filled, strike off the excess material, even with the top of the mold.
31、Permit the material to remain inthe mold until it has set sufficiently to allow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.7.2.2 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require covering during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance wi
32、th the recommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treatment shallbe permitted. Record the method of treatment in the report section under Conditioning Procedure.7.2.3 Sulfur Materials:7.2.3.1 Sulfur MortarsSlowly melt a minimum of 2 lb (900 g) of the material in a suitable container at a te
33、mperature of 265to 290F (130 to 145C) with constant agitation. Stir to lift and blend the aggregate without beating air into the melt. Place thepiece of plastic sheet containing the 14 in. (6 mm) round hole over the open face of the mold with the hole centered on the face.On top of the piece of plas
34、tic sheet and surrounding the hole, place a section of plastic tubing or pipe 1 in. (25 mm) in diameterC413 182by 1 in. (25 mm) high. Pour the melted material through the hole into the mold and continue to pour until the section of tubingor pipe is completely filled. The excess material contained in
35、 the hole in the plastic sheet acts as a reservoir to compensate forshrinkage of the material during cooling.7.2.3.2 Allow the specimen to remain in the mold until it has completely solidified. Upon removal, file, grind, or sand thesurface flush, removing the excess material remaining at the pouring
36、 gate.7.2.3.3 Sulfur ConcreteHeat and mix a sufficient amount of aggregate components and sulfur cement in the proportions andin the manner specified by the manufacturer to a temperature of 265 to 290F (130 to 145C). Fill the molds one-half full. Rod25 times using a rounded 58 in. (15 mm) diameter r
37、od. Distribute the strokes uniformly over the cross section of the mold. Repeatwith two additional portions allowing the rod to penetrate about 12 in. (12 mm) into the underlying layer. After consolidation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops of the molds. Finish the top s
38、urface by striking off the excess materialeven with the top of the mold. Permit the material to remain in the mold until it has cooled sufficiently to allow removal withoutdanger of deformation or breakage.NOTE 3Use of vibrators is generally not required for sulfur concrete but may be required for o
39、ther materials using Mold Method C. The type andmethod of vibrating will be as recommended by the manufacturer and shall be specified in the test report.7.3 Conditioning Test Specimens:7.3.1 Resin and Silica MaterialsAge the specimens in air at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C), for a period of seven days including
40、 thetime in the mold before testing. Use longer cure times if recommended by the manufacturer.7.3.2 Silicate MaterialsFollow the same procedure as given in 7.3.1, the only exception being that the relative humidity ofthe surrounding air must be kept below 80 %.7.3.3 Sulfur MaterialsThe standard cond
41、itioning time for the specimen, in air at 73 6 4F, is to be 24 h, including the timein the mold. If conditioning time is more or less than24 h, report the actual time conditioned, including the time in the mold.8. Procedure8.1 After the conditioning period, weigh the specimens to the nearest 1 mg (s
42、ee D in 9.1.)8.2 Place the weighed specimens in the flask (Note 4), and add water (for resin and sulfur materials) or xylene (for silicate orsilica materials) until the specimens are completely covered. Install the water-cooled condenser, and heat the flask by means of ahot plate or heating mantle.N
43、OTE 4The flask shall have a wire screen or glass beads on the bottom to prevent the specimens from coming in contact with the heated bottom ofthe flask.8.3 Boil the liquid for 2 h.NOTE 5For sulfur materials, the temperature shall be held at 190F (88C) instead of boiling.8.4 After the heating period,
44、 cool the flask to room temperature, 73 6 4F (23 6 2C). The cooling may be accelerated byrunning cold water over the outside of the flask while swirling the flask.8.5 After cooling the flask, remove and blot each specimen with a damp cotton cloth to remove all liquid droplets from thesurface, and de
45、termine the saturated weight, W, to the nearest 1 mg. Excessive blotting will introduce error by withdrawing liquidfrom the pores of the specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the absorption, in weight % as follows:A 5W 2D!/D# 3100C413 183where:A = absorption, %,W = saturated weight of specimen, g (se
46、e 8.5), andD = weight of specimens after conditioning, g (see 8.1).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete material identification, date,10.1.2 Mixing ratio,10.1.3 Conditioning Procedure, including whether silicate or silica materials were acid treated, and how,10.1.4 Whether
47、 water or xylene was used,10.1.5 Individual and average values for the specimens as percentage of absorption, and10.1.6 Conditioning time.10.2 Report the average values for the six specimens as percentage of absorption.11. Precision and Bias311.1 Precision and bias for The precision of this test met
48、hod have not been established.is based on an interlaboratory study ofASTM C413, Standard Test Method for Absorption of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, and PolymerConcretes, conducted in 2017. Six facilities participated in this study. Each participant reported three replic
49、ate test results. Every“test result” reported represents the average of six individual determinations. Except for the inclusion of just a single material type,Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis of the data; the details are given inASTM Research Report RR:D01-1186.11.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitive results obtained by the same operator in a given laboratory applyingthe same test method with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material within short inte
