1、Designation: C822 19Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete Pipe and Related Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2C497 Test Methods for Concr
3、ete Pipe, Concrete BoxSections, Manhole Sections, or Tile2. Terminologyabsorptionthe increase in weight of concrete resulting fromthe penetration of water into the concrete.absorption testa test made to determine the absorption ofconcrete.admixturea material other than water, aggregates, cementand f
4、ibre reinforcing used as an ingredient of concrete andadded to the batch immediately before or during its mixture.ambient conditionscommon, prevailing, and uncontrolledatmospheric and weather conditions in a room or place.annular spacethe space between the inner surface of thefemale end and the oute
5、r surface of the male end of anassembled pipe joint.bellsee female end of pipe.blenda combining of various cementitious materials.box sectiona concrete pipe with a rectangular cross section.box section bottom slablower horizontal portion of a boxsection in the installed condition.box section top sla
6、bupper horizontal portion of a boxsection in the installed condition.box section wallvertical sides of a box section in theinstalled condition.cagean assembled unit of steel reinforcement consisting ofcircumferential and longitudinal bars or wires.circular reinforcementa circular-shaped line of rein
7、force-ment.circumferential reinforcementreinforcement that is ap-proximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of theconcrete pipe, box, or bined sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage andstorm pression testa test made on a concrete specimen todetermine the compressive pressive strengththe m
8、aximum resistance of a concretespecimen to axial compressive loading; or the specifiedresistance used in design calculations.concretea mixture of portland cement, fine aggregate, coarseaggregate, and water. The mixture may also containadmixtures, or other cementitious materials, or both.corea cylind
9、er of concrete obtained from concrete by meansof a core drill.crownthe top or highest point of the internal surface of thetransverse cross section of a pipe.culverta pipeline intended to convey water under a highway,railroad, canal, or similar facility.cylinder (test)a cast cylindrical specimen of c
10、oncrete.design strengththe minimum acceptable 0.01-in. (0.3-mm)crack D-load.designated sizethe dimensional name for a particular sizethat may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensionsused for design purposes or of the manufactured product.distribution reinforcementreinforcement, typically
11、running90 to the main or circumferential reinforcement, intended todisperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a structuralmember.D-loadthe supporting strength of a pipe loaded underthree-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds per1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
12、ttee C13 onConcrete Pipe and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.10 onCorrelation and Editorial.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C822 18. DOI:10.1520/C0822-19.2For referenced ASTM stand
13、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
14、 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization T
15、echnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1linear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span, orexpressed in newtons per linear metre per millimetre ofinside diameter or horizontal span.D-load, 0.01-in. (0.3-mm) crackthe maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a concrete pipe bef
16、ore a crackhaving a width of 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) occurs, measured atclose intervals, throughout a continuous length of 1 ft (300mm) or more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis ofpipe barrel expressed as D-load.D-load ultimate (Du)the maximum three-edge-bearing testload supported by a pipe, expr
17、essed as D-load.drain tilepipe for collecting and conveying surface andsubsurface water from an area.elliptical reinforcementa line of reinforcement in the ap-proximate shape of an ellipse.exfiltrationthe volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer andits connections into the soil from pipe, joints, con
18、nections,and appurtenances.external load-crushing strength testa test of the pipe inwhich external crushing forces are exerted in specifieddirections and locations on a specified length of pipe.external sealing bandsflexible wrappings that are applied tothe outside of a concrete pipe, box section, o
19、r manholesection joint intended to control the movement of fluids orsolids through the joint.female end of pipe (bell, socket, groove, modified groove)that portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape ordimensions, which overlaps a portion of the end of theadjoining pipe.flow linea line f
20、ormed by the inverts of pipe.gradationthe distribution of particles of granular materialamong standard sizes usually expressed in terms of cumu-lative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series ofsieve openings.grade ringsprecast concrete rings used for vertical adjust-ment at the top of a
21、manhole to set manhole casting to propergrade.groovesee female end of pipe.handling reinforcementreinforcement intended to reducethe risk of collapse of the pipe or section during handling orstorage prior to and during final placement.hydrostatic pressurethe pressure exerted by water at rest.hydrost
22、atic testa test of the ability of a pipe or its joint towithstand internal hydrostatic pressure.infiltrationthe volume of groundwater entering a sewer andits connections from the soil through pipe, joints,connections, or appurtenances.inflowthe volume of any kind of water entering a sewer andits con
23、nections from outside sources not including thosesources described under “infiltration.”installed lengthfinal length, along the centerline, of a pipeor box section in place including the longitudinal jointseparation between the section and the last section placed.invertthe bottom or lowest point of
24、the internal surface ofthe transverse cross section of a pipe.irrigation pipepipe intended for the distribution of irrigationwater by pumping or gravity.jointa connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends,made either with or without the use of additional parts and/ormaterials.joint angular d
25、eflectionchange in alignment commencingin the joint caused by opening or closing one side of thejoint.joint at normal (design) closureposition of the joint whenclosed to the manufacturers recommended inside longitudi-nal separation without joint angular deflection.joint in off-center positionwith th
26、e joint at normal or designclosure, without joint angular deflection, when the spigot orbell has been moved in a radial direction. The maximumoff-center position occurs when the outer surface of thespigot and the inner surface of the bell are in contact.joint leakage testtest procedure, utilizing wa
27、ter pressure, airpressure or a vacuum, intended to determine the acceptabil-ity of an individual joint relative to leakage.joint leakage test apparatussealing device used to isolate asingle joint so that the joint can be tested for leakage. Seejoint leakage test.joint reinforcementreinforcement, in
28、or near the joint,intended to enhance the structural characteristics of the jointarea of a concrete pipe or box section.joint shear testa proof-of-design test procedure to deter-mine minimum shear strength of a joint.layer of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement that isone bar or wire in thick
29、ness.laying lengthpipe section center-line dimension used forpreparing pipeline layout plans. The length as measuredfrom a point on a pipe to an identical point of an adjacentpipe of an installed pipeline.lift holea small hole cast or drilled in the wall of the pipe orsection for inserting a bolt, l
30、oop of cable or other device usedin handling the pipe or section.line of reinforcementcircumferential reinforcement com-prised of one or more layers.longitudinal reinforcementreinforcement, in a concretepipe or box section, running parallel to the intended flow.lotan assemblage of concrete products,
31、 all being of like size,material, and strength designation, manufactured by thesame process. The lot size may differ from the quantitydesignated in the contract or order.C822 192low-pressure air testtesting procedure, utilizing com-pressed air, intended to determine the acceptability of a pipesectio
32、n, joint, or pipeline.male end of pipe (spigot, tongue, modified tongue)thatportion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its shape ordimensions, which is overlapped by a portion of the end ofthe adjoining pipe.manholea precast concrete structure for vertical access to apipeline or other closed stru
33、cture.manhole basea concrete slab foundation and the bottommanhole riser section or a bottom manhole riser section witha connected concrete slab.manhole base sectionprecast concrete slab foundation andthe bottom manhole riser section, or the bottom riser sectionwith precast monolithic or integral sl
34、ab. A monolithic basesection is cast as a single unit. An integral base section ismade into a single unit by interconnecting precast manholecomponents such as a riser section and base slab.manhole reducer sectiona concrete section used as atransition between different diameter manhole riser sections
35、.manhole riser sectiona concrete section used to construct amanhole exclusive of the base, reducers, and top section.manhole topthe concrete slab top or conical top used toreduce the manhole riser diameter to that of the desiredaccess hole.manufactured lengththe length from spigot/tongue endface to
36、bell/groove inside shoulder. An alternative definitionof the length from the spigot/tongue outside shoulder tobell/groove end face may also be used.manufacturerthe group, corporation, partnership, or indi-vidual that manufactures or supplies a product.mat reinforcementsee quadrant mat.material tests
37、the quality and property tests of componentmaterials.modified designa concrete pipe design changed from astandard design.modified groovesee female end of pipe.modified tonguesee male end of pipe.monolithiccast as one complete piece by a continuousplacement of concrete.negative air pressure (vacuum)
38、testtest procedure utilizingair at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, intended todetermine the acceptability of a pipe section or multiple pipesections, or an installed pipeline or manhole before or afterbackfill.nonreinforced pipeconcrete pipe designed without rein-forcement.O-ring gasketa
39、solid gasket of circular cross section.overall lengththe length from the spigot/tongue end face tobell/groove end face.ownerthe public agency or authority, group, corporation,partnership, or individual that specifies products or servicesfor use on a project that it presently or eventually will ownor
40、 administrate.permeabilitythat property which permits movement of aliquid through the pores and interstices of the concrete.permeability testa test to determine the movement of aliquid through concrete under a hydraulic or pressure gradi-ent.pipea tube or elongated hollow concrete structure intended
41、to transmit flow between locations.pipe diameterthe inside diameter of a concrete pipe.pipe sectiona single pipe.pipelinepipe sections joined together.plant teststhe quality assurance tests performed prior todelivery as a basis of acceptance.preformed flexible joint sealantpliable bitumen or elasto-
42、meric polymer (butyl) material, formed into a defined crosssection, that is applied to the section joint surface of a pipe,box section, or manhole.production runquantity of concrete products of like size,material, and strength designation produced uninterrupted bya change in the size, material, prod
43、uction method, or strengthdesignation of the product.quadrant matadditional tension zone circumferential rein-forcement secured to a layer of reinforcement in the concretepipe wall.reinforced concrete pipea pipe structure comprised ofconcrete and steel reinforcement. Such reinforcement iscomprised o
44、f steel wire, welded wire fabric, or bars, ofknown strength, formed into a cage and positioned in theconcrete wall in a specific location in such a manner that thetwo materials act together to resist stresses.reinforcementsteel in the form of continuous wire, weldedwire fabric, or bars embedded in c
45、oncrete in such a mannerthat the above referenced concrete and steel act together toresist stresses.resilient connectora flexible connection for joining pipe tostructures capable of being deformed and deflected withoutrupture or leakage.rubber gasketrubber formed and used as a seal in concretepipe j
46、oints.samplethe number of specimens drawn from a lot.sewage (wastewater)the spent water of a community whichis a combination of liquid and water-carried wastes.sewera pipeline intended to convey sewage.special designa concrete pipe design for sizes, loads, orservice conditions not covered by a stand
47、ard design.C822 193specimenan individual unit on which a test can be made.spigotsee male end of pipe.splice (reinforcement)junction of two sections of parallelreinforcement intended to provide continuity and to transferforces between the two sections.springlinethe points on the internal surface of t
48、he transversecross section of a pipe intersected by the line of maximumhorizontal dimension; or in box sections, the mid-height ofthe internal vertical wall.standard designa published and proven concrete pipedesign.storm draina pipeline intended to convey storm water.storm sewera pipeline intended t
49、o convey storm water.storm waterprecipitation run-off.three-edge-bearing methoda method for applying the loadto a pipe in an external load-crushing strength test.tonguesee male end of pipe.ultimate strengththe maximum three edge bearing test loadsupported by a pipe.wall (pipe)the structural element composed of concrete orconcrete and steel between the inside and outside surfaces ofa concrete pipe.watertightwill restrain the passage of
