1、Designation: C985M 15aC985M 19Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified str
3、engths and intended to be used for theconveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C985.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include
4、requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, type of bedding and backfill, and care th
5、at the installation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the pipe strength specifiedand provide inspection at the construction site.1.3 This international standard was developed in
6、accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS
7、TM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150C150/C150M Specification for Por
8、tland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specif
9、ication for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Conc
10、reteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminolo
11、gy C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, production pipe shall be accepted inaccordance with 4.2.1
12、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2019. Published October 2015January 2019. Originally app
13、roved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asC985M 15.C985M 15a. DOI: 10.1520/C0985M-15A.10.1520/C0985M-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to
14、 the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
15、 accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for DefectsDetermine inaccordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guid
17、ance, see Practice E105.4.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated bythe specified tests.5. Design and Manufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the own
18、er:5.1.1 Basis of acceptance and supporting data,5.1.2 Designated pipe strength,5.1.3 Physical CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details,5.1.4 Admixtures,5.1.5 Manufacturing and curing process, and5.1.6 Handling Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable
19、reinforcement specification, and grade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerance, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral a
20、ggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:6.1.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M, or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the r
21、equirements ofSpecification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of
22、 Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Portland-pozzolan cement only,(4)
23、 Portland-limestone cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,(6) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,(7) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash, or(8) A combina
24、tion of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirement forgradation shall not apply.6.1.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.1.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming
25、to Specification C260/C260M;6.1.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.1.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.1.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.1.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement
26、 shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M for steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete. If billet steel is used, it shall be usedconforming to Specification A615/A615M.6.1.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers sh
27、all be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C11
28、16/C1116M shall beaccepted.6.1.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with cementitious materials, water
29、, andadmixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly-mixed concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the design andtest requirements of this specification.C985M 1926.2.2 Handling ReinforcementCircumferential handling reinforcement shall be provided in all pipe larger than 900 mm ind
30、iameter.6.2.2.1 PlacementWhere one line of circular reinforcement is used, it shall be placed between 30 and 50 % of the wallthickness from the inside surface. Where two lines of circular reinforcement are used, each line shall be so placed that theprotective covering over the circumferential reinfo
31、rcement in the wall of the section shall be 25 mm.6.2.2.2 SplicesIf the splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars,and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirementsab
32、ove, there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm and pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 50 % of theminimum specified strength of the steel.6.2.2.3 SpacingHandling reinforcements shall be individual hoops or shall be formed into a cage or cages. It shall bedistributed along the l
33、ength of the pipe section, or one half of the minimum reinforcement shall be allowed to be placed in eachof the extreme quarters of the length of a 2.4-m or less pipe section, or one third of the minimum reinforcement shall be allowedto be placed in each third of the length of a longer than 2.4-m pi
34、pe section. Additionally, at least 75 % of the minimum area shallbe located not less than one fifteenth of the length of the pipe section from any portion of the joint.6.2.2.4 AreaThe minimum area of circumferential handling reinforcement shall be equal to 0.06 (D + t)2 in square mm perm of pipe, wh
35、ere “D” equals the designated diameter in mm and “t” equals the wall thickness in mm.6.2.2.5 Special DesignsThe manufacturer shall be allowed to submit special designs to the owner for approval.Approval shallbe based on structural calculations or on load tests. The minimum ultimate three-edge bearin
36、g load shall be equal to the weightof the pipe and shall be sustained by the pipe after cracking at the top, bottom and sides the full length of the pipe. The pipe shallalso meet the strength requirements of Section 7 and Section 10 or 11, or both.6.2.3 JointsThe joints shall be of such design and t
37、he ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free from appreciable irregularities in the flowline,all compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed u
38、pon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.7. Physical Properties7.1 Pipe StrengthPipe strength may be either a designated strength or a cracking strength. The designated strength is thatspecified as the minimum load required to produ
39、ce the cracking strength when tested in three-edge bearing in accordance with TestMethods C497M. The cracking strength is the actual maximum load observed in the three-edge bearing test, and shall be assumedto have been reached when any continuous visible crack caused by the test load exceeds 300 mm
40、 in length measured parallel tothe longitudinal axis of the pipe.NOTE 3For pipe made without handling steel, the designated strength is the minimum load required to produce the ordinary nonreinforced pipe loadat ultimate failure. For safety reasons, do not look for a visible crack during a three-edg
41、e bearing test of pipe without reinforcing.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish, without charge, all samples, facilities, and personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.7.3 Test MethodsThe tests for crushing strength shall be made in accordanc
42、e with Test Methods C497M. When alternativemethods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard DiametersPipe shall be manufactured in the standard designated internal diameters listed in Table
43、 1.NOTE 4Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 may be available. When such sizes are required, the owner shall contact the manufacturers inthe project area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissible design tolerances shall be provided underrequirements in Section
44、 5.8.2.1 Diameter TolerancesThe internal diameter shall not vary from the designated diameter by more than 65 mm for pipe300 mm in diameter; by more than66 mm for pipe 375 or 450 mm in diameter; by more than68 mm for pipe 525 mm in diameter;by more than 610 mm for pipe 600 to 900 mm in diameter; and
45、 by more than 61 % for pipe larger than 900 mm in diameter.TABLE 1 Standard Designated Internal Diameters, mm100 600 900150 675 1050200 750 1200250 825 1350300 1500375450525C985M 1938.2.2 Handling Reinforcement Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcementsha
46、ll be 610 % of the wall thickness or 616 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcementexceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge bearing strength requirements are met by a representativesample. In no case, however, shall the cover over
47、 the circumferential reinforcement be less than 13 mm.8.2.3 Laying Length TolerancesThe length of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 13 mm from a specified ordesignated design length. The length of two opposite sides of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 6 mm or 2 % of thedesigna
48、ted diameter, whichever is larger.8.2.4 Wall Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness shall not be less than the thickness specified under 5.1.3 by more than 5 %or 3 mm for pipe 300 to 600 mm in diameter, whichever is greater; and by more than 5 % or 5 mm for pipe larger than 600 mmin diameter, whiche
49、ver is greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if thephysical test requirements specified herein are met. A wall thickness greater than that required by the design is not a cause forrejection, except that such pipe shall not be used for tests required in Section 4.8.2.5 Straightness TolerancesPipe intended to be straight shall not vary in alignment more than 10 mm/m of length.9. Acceptance of Design9.1 Acceptance by Tests of SpecimensThree to five representative specimens, or speci
