1、Designation: D2050 111D2050 19Standard Terminology Relating toFasteners and Closures Used with Subassemblies Used inthe Manufacture of Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEA term was added editorially in September 2016.1. Scope1.1 This terminology document covers
3、terminology pertaining to items that are considered fasteners and closures such asbuttons, standard identifies terminology related to subassemblies used in the construction of textiles both general and specific andcan be categorized as any component or structure that is used in the construction or a
4、ssembly of a textile product. Subassembliescan be in the form of closures (for example, slide fasteners, buttons, snap fasteners, hook and loop touch fasteners, snap fastenersand slide fasteners used in the manufacture of textile products, except for seams and stitches. (touch) fastners) or methods
5、ofjoining (for example, stitches and seams).1.2 Section 3, Terminology, is categorized into four subsections, specific to the four areas of specialization under this document:1.2.1 Relating to Buttons1.2.2 Relating Hook and Loop Touch Fasteners1.2.3 Relating to Snap Fasteners1.2.4 Relating to Slide
6、Fasteners1.3 Terminology relating specifically to buttons covers special terms or special meanings used in the button industry. Theseapply only to sew-through flange and shank buttons.1.3.1 The principal types of buttons defined in this terminology document are illustrated in Figs. 1-8.1.3.2 These f
7、igures are descriptive only and are not intended to be restrictive as to design.1.2 Terminology relating specifically to snap fasteners includes illustration of prong-ring attached fastener parts Thesubassembly terms relating to Buttons are found in Fig. 9Terminology Section 3.1.4.1 These figures ar
8、e descriptive only and are not intended to be restrictive as to design.1.3 Terminology relating specifically to the principle parts of slide fasteners defined in this terminology are illustrated Thesubassembly terms relating to Hook and Loop (Touch) fasteners are in Figs. 10-19. Terminology Section
9、4.1.5.1 These figures are descriptive only and are not intended to be restrictive as to design.1.4 The subassembly terms relating to Snap Fasteners are found in Terminology Section 5.1.5 Terminology relating specifically to the textile joining structures (seams and stitches) are discussed in detail
10、in Thesubassembly terms relating to Slide Fasteners are found in Terminology D5646Section 6.1.6 For other terms associated with textiles, refer to Terminology D123.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof th
11、e user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationest
12、ablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct respons
13、ibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies. Thesedefinitions were developed in cooperation with the American Fastener and Closure Assn. Inc.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2011 February 2019. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2
14、0092011as D2050 09.D2050 111. DOI: 10.1520/D2050-11E01.10.1520/D2050-19.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately dep
15、ict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
16、428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel TextilesD2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper DimensionsD2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for ZippersD3657 Specification for Zipper DimensionsD4
17、846 Test Method for Resistance to Unsnapping of Snap FastenersD5169 Test Method for Shear Strength (Dynamic Method) of Hook and Loop Touch FastenersD5171 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Plastic Sew-Through ButtonsD5646 Terminology Relating to Seams and Stitches Used in Home SewingD7142 Test Met
18、hod for Holding Strength of Prong-Ring Attached Snap Fasteners2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website
19、.FIG. 9 Prong-ring Attached Fastener PartsFIG. 10 BottomBottom StopFIG. 11 BridgeBridge StopFIG. 12 TopTop StopD2050 1923. TerminologyRELATING TO BUTTONS3.1 Terminology relating specifically to buttons covers special terms or special meanings used in the button industry. Theseapply only to sew-throu
20、gh flange and shank buttons.3.2 The principal types of button defined in this terminology document are illustrated in Figs. 1-8. These figures are descriptiveonly and are not intended to be restrictive as to design.assembled button, na decorative button consisting of combinations of similar or dissi
21、milar materials, such as plastic and metalor metal and metal, which have been joined together by such processes as gluing, swedging or metal stamping.bridge, nthe area of a button between the holes partially covered by the sewing threads with dimensions varying upon designand end use.button, na knot
22、, disc, or similar object which when forced through a narrow opening or buttonhole, fastens one part of a garmentor other flexible substrate to another. D5171DISCUSSIONAlthough the primary purpose of buttons is to serve as fasteners, buttons can also be used as decoration. D5171centrifugal cast butt
23、on, nsee rotation cast pression molding, nthe method of molding a material already in a confined cavity by applying pressure and usually pression molded button, na button or button blank which is produced by compression molding thermoset-moldingcompounds such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldeh
24、yde, styrene-modified polyester, or any combination thereof. ThisFIG. 13 PrinciplePrinciple Parts of Slide FastenersContinuous Fasteners Continuous Element Slide FastenerFIG. 14 ElementElement (one side of element on sewn type CEfastener)D2050 193method using styrene modified polyester resin, and ha
25、ving in its formulation pearlescent pigments which are oriented in themolding process, form a button or button blank which resembles natural shell.drycleanable button, na button that can be solvent-cleaned without damage such as dissolving or loss of finish.electroplated button, nplastic buttons whi
26、ch have been made conductive by chemical treatment followed by the electroplatingof metallic coatings.DISCUSSIONFIG. 15 PrincipalPrincipal Parts of Slide FastenersIndividualFasteners Individual Element Slide FastenersFIG. 16 MovableMovable RetainerD2050 194In buttons, plastics such as polyester, ace
27、tate, ABS, melamine, and urea formaldehyde are the materials usually electroplated.fabricate, vin buttons, the conversion of a blank into a completed button.DISCUSSIONFabricating may require the turning of the face or back of the button with shaping tools, the drilling of sewing holes, and if requir
28、ed the grinding,slotting and any other decorative tooling or shank insertion which may be required.face, nin buttons, that portion which will be exposed after attachment to the substrate.finish, nin buttons, the surface condition or texture.hole spacing, n on a button, the distance from the center o
29、f one hole to another.impact resistance, nresistance to fracture under the sudden application of an external force. D5171injection molded button, na method of forming which requires the filling of a cavity under pressure with polymer that will takethe form of the mold when cooled.injection molding,
30、nthe process of forming a material by forcing it, in a fluid state under pressure, through a runner system(sprue, runner, gate(s) into the cavity of a closed mold.laundering, na process used to refurbish a textile product or parts thereof by (1) cleaning it in water containing a cleaning agent,and p
31、ossibly bleach, (2) drying it, and (3) usually ironing or pressing it.laundering, nin textile product care, a process intended to remove soils by treatment (washing) with an aqueous detergentsolution (and possibly bleach) and nominally including subsequent rinsing, extraction, and drying. D1230laund
32、erability, nthe ability of a button to undergo multiple cycles of laundering without damage such as cracks or loss of finish.ligne, na unit of measure for button; one ligne equals 0.635 mm (0.025 in.).luster, nin buttons, the degree of brilliance exhibited in pearlized or pearl buttons.metal cast bu
33、tton, na button produced by the casting of molten metals and metal alloys into single-cavity or multiple-cavitymolds.DISCUSSIONCast metal buttons can be electroplated and treated to produce other finishes.orientation, nin buttons, the degree of order and spatial alignment of pearlescent pigment crys
34、tals internally or in a coating.pearlized, nin buttons, the addition of synthetic or natural pearlescent pigments to the button resin formulation or to theformulation used for coating.DISCUSSIONButtons exhibiting a pearl-like luster are made in either of two ways: (1) by incorporating pearlescent pi
35、gments into the resin formulation prior tocasting or molding the button, or (2) by applying to the button an external coating containing pearlescent pigments either by spraying or dipping.ring, nin buttons, a split ring used to fasten a staple attached button to the substrate.FIG. 17 ReleasingReleas
36、ing StopsFIG. 18 SeparatingSeparating PartsD2050 195rod cast button, na button fabricated from a disk sliced or sawed from a cast rod of formulated styrene-modified polyester resin.DISCUSSIONFIG. 19 SlidersSlidersFIG. 1 Sew-Through Flange ButtonD2050 196Formulated styrene-modified polyester resin is
37、 cast into aluminum or glass tubes which are sealed at one end. The flaccid or rigid rod formed aftergelation is removed from the tube and sliced or sawed into button blanks. The blanks are then fully polymerized (cured) in hot brine solution andfabricated into buttons. This method is used for butto
38、ns which are mottled, and multicolored.rotation cast button, na button fabricated from a disk blanked from a partially polymerized sheet formed in a rotating cylinder(also known as centrifugal casting and wheel casting).DISCUSSIONA resin mix prepared with catalyzed, promoted, and pigmented styrene-m
39、odified polyester resin is poured into a rotating cylinder to form a sheet ofuniform layer. When gelled (polymerized) the flexible sheet is sliced in the cylinder for removal from the cylinder. The flaccid sheet is dye cut, witha multi-cutter tool, into button blanks. The blanks are then cured, usua
40、lly in hot brine solutions, and fabricated into buttons. This method is best forbuttons produced with oriented pearlescent pigments, opaque white pigments, and multilayer combination of colors and mottles.FIG. 2 Sew-Through ShankFIG. 3 Pin ShankFIG. 4 ”U” ShankFIG. 5 Stab or Screw Shank Staple Butto
41、nsFIG. 6 Bell Shank Staple ButtonsFIG. 7 Toggle Staple Attached ButtonsFIG. 8 Ring Staple Attached ButtonsD2050 197sewing hole, na hole in either the flange or shank of a button used to attach the button to the substrate by means of a needleand thread.sew-through flange button, na button attached to
42、 one part of a flexible substrate by means of needle and thread passed throughtwo or more holes in its flange and through the substrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (See Fig. 1.) D5171sew-through shank button, na button attached to one part of a flexible substrate by means of needle and thr
43、ead passed througha hole or loop in the integral shank and through the substrate. (Compare sew-through flange button.) (See Fig. 2.) D5171shank, nin buttons, that part positioned perpendicular to and at the center back of the flange, and having a hole or loop for usein attaching the button to one pa
44、rt of a flexible substrate by means of a needle or thread, a ring, or a toggle. (See Figs. 3-6.)shank eye, nin buttons, the hole or loop in the shank of a sew-through shank button or the hole in the loop of the staple of astaple button.sheet cast button, na button fabricated from a disk blanked from
45、 a cast sheet of formulated styrene-modified polyester resin.DISCUSSIONThe formulated polyester resin mix (see rotation cast buttons) is poured into gasketed open molds or between gasketed sheets of glass.After gelationthe sheet is stripped from the mold and die cut into multiple button blanks. The
46、blanks are then cured (fully polymerized) and fabricated into buttons.This method is best for buttons produced with oriented pearlescent pigments or opaque white pigments.staple, nin buttons, a looped metal shank securely positioned perpendicular to and at center back of the button flange for usein
47、attaching the button to one part of a flexible substrate by means of a needle and thread, a ring, or a toggle.toggle, nin buttons, a clip used to fasten a staple button to the flexible substrate.ring or toggle attached staple button, na button attached to one part of a flexible substrate by means of
48、 a ring or toggle ratherthan a needle or thread. The staple passes through an eyelet in the flexible substrate and is secured by the ring or toggle thatpasses through the staple eye. (See Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.two-front button, na button in which the face and back shape are identical.DISCUSSIONIdentical
49、 faces allow for easier feeding of buttons in automatic sewing machines without the use of a well for side-selection.vacuum plated button, na button that is flash metal coated in vacuum chambers and subsequently colored to simulate othermetal finishes.DISCUSSIONThis is the least durable of metallized finishes.well, nin buttons, a recess in center of sew-through flange button that give aesthetics and identifies the face side.wheel cast button, nsee rotation cast button.4. TerminologyRELATING T
