1、Designation: D3690 19Standard Performance Specification forVinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery FabricsIndoor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3690; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers performance re-quirements for vinyl-coated and urethane-coated upholsteryfa
3、brics produced with woven, knit, or nonwoven substrateswhich are used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for plain knitfabrics and plain, tufted, or flocked, woven upholstery fabrics.1.
4、3 These requirements apply to the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
5、ate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelop
6、ment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1175 Method of Test for Abrasion Resista
7、nce of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion);Replaced by D 4157, D 4158 (Withdrawn 1981)3D1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss From Plastics UsingActivated Carbon MethodsD2097 Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on UpholsteryLeatherD2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Tempe
8、ratureBend TestD4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Standards:4TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC CrockmeterMethodTM16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon-A
9、rcTM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crock-meter MethodEP1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEP8 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale2.3 Chemical Fabrics and Film Association Standards:5CFFA-5 Test for BlockingCFFA-20 Test for Tearing Strength, Procedure BTongueMethodNOTE 1Reference to test me
10、thods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blocking, nthe measurement of the development ofsurface tack and the thermal softening poi
11、nt of the material.3.1.2 hydrolytic stability, nthe ability to withstand theenvironmental effects of high humidity.3.1.3 tack tear, nthe measurement of the resistance of acoated fabric to tearing under conditions simulating an instal-lation that has been tacked in place.1This performance specificati
12、on is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originally approved in1978. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3690 02(2008) which waswithdrawn Jan
13、uary 2018 and reinstated in January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D3690-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
14、te.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from Chemical Fabrics and Film Association, 1230 Keit
15、h Bldg.,Cleveland, OH 44115.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
16、 for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.3.1 DiscussionTack tear is intended primarily fortesting vinyl-coated fabrics for furniture or automotive appli-cations.3.2 For definitio
17、ns of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123 and to the TechnicalManual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists.44. Significance and Use4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all therequirements listed in Table 1.4.2 It should be reco
18、gnized that fabric can be producedutilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-struction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical andmechanical finished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dic-tate that the ultimate
19、 consumer may find acceptable articlesmade from fabrics that do not conform to all of the require-ments in Table 1.4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular proper
20、ties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified methods.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The properties of vinyl-coated or urethane-coated up-holstery fabrics shall conform to the specification requirementsof one of the three categories in Table 1.6. Test Methods (see No
21、te 1)6.1 Breaking ForceDetermine the dry breaking force inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D5034, using a constant- rate- of- extension (CRE)tensile testing machine.6.2 Tongue Tear StrengthDetermine tongue tear strengthas directed in Procedure B of CFFA Method
22、20 using a CRTtensile testing machine.6.3 Tack-Tear ResistanceDetermine the tack-tear resis-tance as directed in Sections 43 to 47 of Test Methods D751.6.4 Adhesion of Coating to Substrate:6.4.1 Determine the adhesion of coating to substrate asdirected in Sections 39 to 42 of Test Methods D751, with
23、 thespeed of the pulling clamp at 12 612 in. (305 6 13 mm)/min.6.4.2 Report adhesion in pounds-force per inch (newtonsper metre) of width.6.5 Surface Abrasion:6.5.1 Determine the surface abrasion as directed in Sections33 to 42 of Test Methods D4157.6.5.2 After 200 cycles, the test specimens are rat
24、ed visuallyfor color change.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsPropertyRequirementsSectionGrade A Grade B Grade CBreaking strength (load) (CRT Method):A6.1LengthWidth244 N (55 lbf), min244 N (55 lbf), min222 N (50 lbf), min222 N (50 lbf), min200 N (45 lbf), min178 N (40 lbf), minTongue tear strength (C
25、RT Method)A6.2LengthWidth27N(6lbf),min22N(5lbf),min18N(4lbf),min13N(3lbf),min13N(3lbf),min9N(2lbf),minTack-tear resistance: 6.3LengthWidth133 N (30 lbf), min133 N (30 lbf), min111 N (25 lbf), min89 N (20 lbf), min67 N (15 lbf), min67 N (15 lbf), minAdhesion of coating to substrate 525 N/m (3.0 lbf/i
26、n.),min525 N/m (3.0 lbf/in.),min525 N/m (3.0 lbf/in.),min6.4Surface abrasion no appreciable color change at 200 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.5Resistance to flexing no cracking or delamination at 15 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.6Blocking at elevated temperature rating 2, min, no blocking; coating a
27、dheres slightly,grade A, B, and C 6.7Resistance to cracking at low temperature no cracking at 10 1F (23 1C), grade A, B, and C 6.8Colorfastness to crocking:B6.9.1DryWetgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCColorfastness to light (xenon)A(120 AATCC fading
28、units)grade 4.0 minDgrade 4.0 minDgrade 4.0 minD6.9.2Loss of plasticizer 10 % max 10 % max 10 % max 6.10Hydrolytic stability: 6.11Adhesion must maintain 75 % of original strength, grade A, B, and C 6.11.3.1Surface abrasion no cracking or delamination at 25 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.11.3.2Resis
29、tance to flexing no breaks in coating at 15 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.11.3.3Flammability pass pass pass 6.12AThere is more than one standard test method that can be used to measure breaking strength, tongue tear strength, and lightfastness. These test methods cannot beused interchangeably sinc
30、e there may be no overall correlation between them (see Note 2).Bgrade in b and c is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible color transfer or color change to 1 for very severe color transfer or color change. The numerical ratingin Table 1 or higher is acceptable.CAATCC 9Step Chromatic Transf
31、erence Scale.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.D3690 1926.6 Resistance to FlexingDetermine the resistance to flex-ing as directed in Methods D2097 with the specimens mountedface side out.6.7 Blocking at Elevated Temperature Determine theblocking at elevated temperature as directed in CFFA Method5.6
32、.8 Resistance to Cracking at Low TemperatureDetermine the resistance to cracking at low temperature asdirected in Test Method D2136 with the cold chamber tem-perature at 10 6 1F (23 6 1C).6.9 Colorfastness:6.9.1 CrockingDetermine the colorfastness to wet and drycrocking as directed in AATCC TM8 for
33、solid shades andAATCC TM116 for prints.6.9.2 LightDetermine the colorfastness to light as directedin AATCC TM16.3.NOTE 2There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC TM16.3, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these m
34、achines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with AATCCTM16.3, Option 3 shall prevail.NOTE 3Standardization of the xenon-arc lamp to 120 AATCC FU (orAFU or AATCC Fading Units) can be done by using six L2 Blue WoolLightfastness Standards with a 20 AFU end point.6.10
35、 Loss of Plasticizer from Plastics (Activated CarbonMethod)Determine the loss of plasticizer as directed inMethod A of Test Methods D1203.NOTE 4The loss of plasticizer test only applies to vinyl-coatedfabrics.6.11 Hydrolytic StabilityThe following tests cover accel-erated determinations of changes t
36、hat might occur when coatedfabrics are subjected to a combination of specific conditions ofelevated temperature and high humidity. These tests are in-tended to detect changes that may occur in the coating whichwould reduce the surface abrasion resistance, change theadhesion of the coating to the sub
37、strate, or alter the resistanceof the coating to cracking or delamination due to flexing inrelation to end-use performance.NOTE 5Moisture alone can also cause hydrolytic degradation in thecoating of these fabrics.6.11.1 Apparatus:6.11.1.1 Laboratory Chamber, capable of maintaining therequired test t
38、emperature within 62F (61C) and maintainingthe relative humidity of the test within 65%.6.11.1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Tensile TestingMachine, with the speed of the pulling jaw at 12 612 in. (3056 13 mm)/min as described in Test Methods D751.6.11.1.3 Oscillatory Cylinder Abrasion Tester, a
39、s describedin Test Methods D1175.6.11.1.4 Newark Flex Tester, as described in MethodsD2097 69(1974).6.11.2 Test SpecimensThe sample to be exposed to hightemperatures and humidity shall be a panel large enough toprovide the specimens required for the following tests;6.11.2.1 AdhesionFour specimens, 2
40、 in. (51 mm) wide by8 in. (203 mm) long shall be cut, two of which shall have thelonger dimensions parallel to the lengthwise direction of thefabric; and the other two specimens shall be cut with the longdimension parallel to the widthwise direction of the fabric.Adhesion shall be reported as the va
41、lue per inch of width.6.11.2.2 Surface AbrasionThree specimens in the fabriclength direction, each measuring 178 in. (48 mm) wide by 9 in.(229 mm) long with the long dimension cut parallel to thefabric length direction.6.11.2.3 Resistance to FlexingPrepare two specimensmeasuring 3 by 4.5 in. (76 by
42、114 mm); one in the lengthwisedirection and the other in the crosswise direction.6.11.3 ProcedureExpose the large sample of coatedfabric, from which test specimens will be taken, in thehumidity chamber at 158 6 2F (70 6 1C) and 95 6 5%relative humidity for 15 days. Following this exposure, condi-tio
43、n the sample for 24 h at 70 6 2F (21 6 1.1C) and 65 62 % relative humidity. After conditioning for 2 h, cut thespecimens for adhesion, surface abrasion, and flex testing inaccordance with the sizes given in 6.11.2.6.11.3.1 AdhesionDetermine the adhesion as directed inSections 39 to 42 of Test Method
44、s D751 with the speed of thepulling clamp at 12 612 in. (305 6 13 mm)/min.6.11.3.2 Surface AbrasionDetermine the surface abrasionas directed in Sections 26 to 29 of Test Methods D1175(Oscillatory Cylinder Method), with the following modifica-tions:NOTE 6The Oscillatory Cylinder Method of Test Method
45、s D1175 isspecified due to the historical usage of this method by furniture manufac-turers; and one by which they have accumulated much data which,reportedly, has correlated with end-use performance in certain cases.Nonetheless, Section 5 of Test Methods D1175 states that the procedure isnot recomme
46、nded for acceptance testing. Consequently, the test require-ments for this performance factor should be used with caution, with theknowledge that different fabrics will not always be ranked by this test inthe same order as by actual abrasive wear which takes place on specificpieces of furniture.a) T
47、he abradent to be used is a desized and bleached 100 % cotton sateenfabric,653 in. (135 cm) wide with a thread count of 96 by 60 and havinga yield of 1.12 yd/lb (2.3 m/kg). Expose the face side of the fabric to thecoated fabric being abraded.(b) The tension on the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) and
48、the compressionforce shall be 3 lbf (13 N).(c) Give the specimen 25 000 double rubs (cycles).6.11.3.3 Resistance to FlexingDetermine the resistance toflexing as directed in Methods D2097, with the specimensmounted face side out. Flex the specimen for 15 000 cycles andthen remove from the machine for
49、 examination.6.11.4 Report of Hydrolytic Stability ParametersReportthe vinyl-coated or urethane-coated specimens tested for hy-drolytic stability with respect to adhesion, surface abrasion,and resistance to flexing as follows:6.11.4.1 AdhesionAverage the values of adhesion for thetwo specimens tested in each direction. Calculate L, the percentloss, using Eq 1:L 5 100 O 2 H!/O (1)6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Testfabrics Inc., P.O. Box 118, Middlesex, NJ 08846. If you are
