1、Designation: D3699 18D3699 18aStandard Specification forKeroseneKerosine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two grades of kerosenekerosine suitable for
3、use in critical kerosenekerosine burner applications:1.1.1 No. 1-KA special low-sulfur grade kerosenekerosine suitable for use in nonflue-connected kerosenekerosine burnerappliances and for use in wick-fed illuminating lamps.1.1.2 No. 2-KA regular grade kerosenekerosine suitable for use in flue-conn
4、ected burner appliances and for use in wick-fedilluminating lamps.1.2 This specification is intended for use in purchasing, as a reference for industry and governmental standardization, and asa source of technical information.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the
5、 purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of kerosenekerosine at the time and place of custody transfer.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of kerosenes.kerosines. For more information on thesubject, see Guide D4865.1.4
6、Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in
7、 accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
8、STM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petrole
9、um Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D187 Test Method for Burning Quality of KeroseneD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D2386 Test Method for Freezing Poin
10、t of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Tu
11、rbine, and Distillate Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
12、Spectrometry1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2018. P
13、ublished August 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 asD3699 13bD3699 18.1. DOI: 10.1520/D3699-18.10.1520/D3699-18A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、 Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be te
15、chnically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of th
16、is standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Sol
17、vents (Doctor Test)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5901 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automated Optical Method) (Withdrawn 2010)3D5972 Test Method
18、for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point
19、 by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)D7345
20、Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)2.2 Energy Institute Standard:4IP 10 Burning Test24 Hour, Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products, Vol 12.3 Other Documents:526 CFR Part 48 Diesel
21、 Fuel Excise Tax; Dye, Color, and Concentration3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology D4175 for terms used in this standard.4. General Requirements4.1 KeroseneKerosine shall be a refined petroleum distillate consisting of a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons essentiallyfree of water, inorganic acidic or
22、 basic compounds, and excessive amounts of particulate contaminants. Additive usage can beestablished by mutual agreement of the supplier and the purchaser.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The kerosenekerosine shall conform to the detailed requirements prescribed in Table 1.3 The last approved version of
23、 this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.5 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Keros
24、eneKerosineProperty ASTMTest Method LimitAFlash Point C, min D56 38Distillation temperature, C D8610 % volume recovered, max 205Final boiling point, max 300Kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s D445min 1.0max 1.9Sulfur, % mass D2622No. 1-K, max 0.04No. 2-K, max 0.30Mercaptan sulfur, % mass, maxB D3227
25、0.003Copper strip corrosion rating max,3 h at 100 CD130 No. 3Freezing point, C, max D2386 30Burn QualityTime of Burning D187 Minimum 16 h continuous after first weighingRate of Burning IP 10 18 g/h to 26 g/h after first weighingChimney Appearance D187 Maximum light white deposit (at end of test)Flam
26、e Characteristics(comparison of properties from beginningand end of test)D187 Maximum variance of flame width 6 mmMaximum variance of flame height lowered 5 mmSaybolt color, min D156 +16CA To meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements, except sulfur, can be
27、agreed upon among purchaser, seller and manufacturer.B The Mercaptan sulfur determination can be waived if the fuel is considered sweet by Test Method D4952.C Appendixes X1.1 and X1.12 contain additional information on color, red dye, and potential application problems.D3699 18a25.2 The kerosenekero
28、sine shall conform to the following requirements when tested for burning quality as specified:5.2.1 Time of BurningA minimum of 16 h continuous burning after the first weighing shall be required.5.2.2 Rate of BurningAfter the first weighing, the rate of burning shall be 18 gh to 26 gh with Test Meth
29、od IP 10.5.2.3 Appearance of Chimney at End of TestsThe chimney shall have no more than a light, white deposit.5.2.4 Flame Characteristics at End of TestAt the end of test, the width of the flame shall not vary by more than 6 mm, andthe height of the flame shall not have lowered by more than 5 mm fr
30、om the respective measurements recorded at the start of thetest.NOTE 2The significance of ASTM specifications for kerosenekerosine is discussed in Appendix X1.6. Test Methods6.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM methodsexcept
31、as noted.6.1.1 Flash PointTest Method D56, except where other methods are prescribed by law. Test Method D3828 and D7094 maybe used as an alternative with the same limits. In case of a dispute, Test Method D56 shall be used as the referee method.6.1.2 DistillationDistillation shall be determined in
32、accordance with Test Methods D86, D2887, D7344, or D7345. Resultsfrom Test Method D2887 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results by application of the correlation in Appendix X4 of TestMethod D2887 to convert the values. Results from Test Method D7344 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results
33、 by applicationof the corrections described in Test Method D7344 to improve agreement with D86 values. Results from Test Method D7345 shallbe reported as “Predicted D86” results by application of the corrections described in Test Method D7345 to improve agreementwith D86 values. In case of dispute,
34、Test Method D86 shall be used as the referee test method.66.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445. Test Method D7042 may be used with the same limits. Bias-corrected results from TestMethod D7042 shall be reported as “Predicted D445.” Use bias correction for diesel fuel according the Precision and Bias sect
35、ionof Test Method D7042. In case of dispute, Test Method D445. shall be used as the referee test method.6.1.4 SulfurTest Method D2622. Test Methods D1266, D4294, or D5453 may also be used.Alternatively, Test Method D7220may be used if the sulfur result is less than 942 mgkg or 0.094 % by mass. In ca
36、se of a dispute, Test Method D2622 is the refereesulfur test method for this specification.6.1.5 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D3227.6.1.6 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h test at 100 C.6.1.7 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.Automatic Test Methods D5901 and D5972 can be used as alternates wi
37、th the samelimits. In case of a dispute, Test Method D2386 shall be used as referee.6.1.8 Burning QualityTest Method D187.6.1.9 Saybolt ColorTest Method D156.7. Keywords7.1 fuel oil; kerosene;kerosine; petroleum and petroleum productsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDARD SPE
38、CIFICATIONS FOR KEROSENEKEROSINEX1.1 ColorAn indication of the overall purity of the product, and is a useful parameter in ensuring the freedom from tracecontamination with heavier products which may render the kerosenekerosine to be unsuitable for designated critical applications.KeroseneKerosine t
39、hat is subjected to long term storage, excessive heat, or both, particularly in summer storage in above groundtanks, can become unsuitable for use due to degradation and associated loss of Saybolt Color quality. Some contaminants canadversely affect the performance of kerosene,kerosine, particularly
40、 in wick-fed, unvented applications like 1-K space heaters.Detection of these contaminants may require additional testing, such as sulfur content or distillation. Unless gross contaminationis present, these tests may not readily identify the presence of contamination.X1.1.1 Red DyeKeroseneKerosine s
41、old exempt from federal motor fuel excise tax sold from terminals may contain the dyeSolvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equivalent to at least 3.9 lb of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 164 per thousandbarrels of kerosene,kerosine, where required in the United States of America (for exa
42、mple, by 26 CFR Part 48). If clear, undyedfuel is desired for tax-exempt applications, the Internal Revenue Service has provided other options, such as blocked pumps, for6 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1553
43、. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D3699 18a3consideration. The addition of red dye makes it more difficult to detect contamination by visual inspection. KeroseneKerosinesubjected to dying must meet the minimum Saybolt Color of +16 prior to the introduction of red dye.X1.2 Mercaptan S
44、ulfurMercaptans are limited to preclude undesirable side-reactions and to minimize the unpleasant odor.X1.3 Doctor TestThe doctor test is an indirect indication of Mercaptan levels.X1.4 SulfurLimited sulfur content of kerosenekerosine may be required for special uses or to meet legal requirements fo
45、r sulfurdioxide emissions.X1.5 Distillation An indication of the volatility of a fuel. The maximum 10 % and final boiling point limits specified establisha suitable boiling range to readily vaporize the kerosenekerosine in normal applications.X1.6 Flash PointThe flash point of kerosenekerosine is us
46、ed primarily as an index of fire hazards. The minimum permissibleflash point is usually regulated by federal, state, or municipal laws and is based on accepted practice in handling and use.X1.7 Freezing PointThe temperature at which crystals of hydrocarbons formed on cooling disappear when the tempe
47、rature ofthe fuel is allowed to rise. The waxy crystals may clog the wick in wick-fed systems and can block filter passages in fuel handlingsystems.X1.8 Viscosity The measure of internal resistance to flow, and an indication of flowability and lubricity.X1.9 Burning QualityAn indication of the keros
48、enekerosine performance in critical applications. The inherent burning qualitypotential of the bulk fuel, as determined by conventional parameters such as smoke point, luminometer number, or hydrogencontent, cannot always be fully realized due to the adverse overriding effect of trace quantities of
49、certain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogencompounds that can be present in some kerosenes.kerosines. Thus, the burning quality of kerosenekerosine must be evaluated bydesignation of a suitable bench-type burning test.X1.9.1 Burning tests are essentially performance tests and are a direct method for determining the quality of the keroseneskero-sines for the specific purpose for which they are intended. However, it is not possible to make tests in all kinds of commercialequipment, or under all the combinations of such factors as location, ti
