1、Designation: D4485 16D4485 18Standard Specification forPerformance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification covers all the
3、currently active American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oilperformance categories that have been defined in accordance with theASTM consensus process.Thereare organizations with specifications not subject to the ASTM consensus process, such as theInternational Lubricant Standardization and Approv
4、al Committee (ILSAC), American PetroleumInstitute (API SM, SN Specifications), and the Association des Constructeurs EuropeansdAutomobiles (ACEA). Certain of these specifications, which have been defined primarily by the useof current ASTM test methods, have also been included in the Appendixes for
5、information.In the ASTM system, a specific API designation is assigned to each category. The system isopen-ended, that is, new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of oilperformance characteristics are defined. Oil categories may be referenced by engine builders inma
6、king lubricant recommendations, and used by lubricant suppliers and customers in identifyingproducts for specific applications. Where applicable, candidate oil programs are conducted inaccordance with theAmerican Chemistry Council (ACC) PetroleumAdditives ProductApproval Codeof Practice.Other servic
7、e categories not shown in this document have historically been used to describe engineoil performance (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH and CA, CB, CC, CD, CD-II, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4,CG-4) (see 3.1.2). SA is not included because it does not have specified engine performancerequirements. SH is not inclu
8、ded because it was a category that could not be licensed for gasolineengine oil use in the API Service Symbol after Dec. 2, 2010. (NoteThe SH category has beenincluded in Appendix X8 as relevant information in combination with “C” categories.) The others arenot included because they are based on tes
9、t methods for which engine parts, test fuel, or reference oils,or a combination thereof, are no longer available.Also, theASTM 5-Car and Sequence VI Proceduresare obsolete and have been deleted from the category Energy Conserving and Energy Conserving II(defined by Sequence VI). Information on exclu
10、ded older categories and obsolete test requirementscan be found in SAE J183.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety ofoperating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial,
11、and construction equipment.1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers,motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing vessels.1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated wit
12、h results obtained on reference oilsin actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel.As it pertains to theAPI SLengine oil category, it is based on enginetest results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests tha
13、tdefined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluatedby the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated underactual operating conditions.1 This
14、specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016July 1, 2018. Published March 2017October 2018. Originally approved i
15、n 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asD4485 15a.D4485 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4485-16.10.1520/D4485-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not b
16、e technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
17、f this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not coveredby the engine tests in this specification.1.5
18、 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1 Exceptions:1.5.1.1 The roller follower shaft wear in Test Method D5966 is in mils.1.5.1.2 The oil consumption in Test Method D6750 is in grams per kilowatthour.NOTE 1The k
19、Wh unit is deprecated. The preferred SI unit is the joule (J); 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.1.5.1.3 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term.1.5.1.4 Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other sources, and non-SI units are included.1.6 This international
20、standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.
21、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized
22、Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and AdditivesD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD2622 Test Method
23、 for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsD4171 Specification for Fuel
24、System Icing InhibitorsD4683 Test Method for MeasuringViscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and HighTemperature byTaperedBearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 CD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD4741 Test Meth
25、od for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug ViscometerD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma AtomicEmission SpectrometryD5119 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-3
26、8 Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)3D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using aTemperature-Scanning TechniqueD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by InductivelyC
27、oupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between 10 C and 35 C Using Cold-CrankingSimulatorD5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInte
28、rnal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)3D5480 Test Method for Engine Oil Volatility by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2003)3D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multi
29、cell CapillaryViscometerD5533 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIE, Spark-Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2003)3D5800 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack MethodD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of R
30、usting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)3D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel EngineD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD620
31、2 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in the Sequence2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
32、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D4485 182VIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)3D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
33、D6335 Test Method for Determination of High Temperature Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation TestD6417 Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas ChromatographyD6483 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-9 Diesel Engine (Withdrawn 2009)3D6557 T
34、est Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine OilsD6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition InternalCombustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Condi
35、tionsD6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 CD6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1P TestProcedureD6709 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition
36、 Engine (CLR Oil TestEngine)D6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine1K Procedure (0.4 % FuelSulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)D6794 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine OilsAfter Treatment with VariousAmount
37、s of Water anda Long (6 h) Heating TimeD6795 Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine OilsAfter Treatment with Water and Dry Ice and a Short(30 min) Heating TimeD6837 Test Method for Measurement of Effects ofAutomotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Du
38、tyTrucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition EngineD6838 Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot TestD6891 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition EngineD6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Aut
39、omotive DieselEngineD6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD6922 Test Method for Determination of Homogeneity and Miscibility in Automotive Engine OilsD6923 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cyl
40、inder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1R TestProcedureD6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR TestD6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineD6987/D6987M Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-10 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
41、D7097 Test Method for Determination of Moderately High Temperature Piston Deposits by Thermo-Oxidation Engine OilSimulation TestTEOST MHTD7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 Cyclesand 90 CyclesD7156 Test Method for Evalua
42、tion of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineD7216 Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal ElastomersD7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition EngineD7422 Test Method for
43、Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineD7468 Test Method for Cummins ISM TestD7484 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISBMedium-Duty Diesel EngineD7528 Test Method for Bench Oxidation of Engine Oil
44、s by ROBO ApparatusD7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output ConditionsCaterpillar C13 Test ProcedureD7563 Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 FuelD7589 Test Method for Measurement of Effects ofAutomotive Eng
45、ine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition EngineD8047 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected TurbochargedAutomotive Diesel EngineD8048 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T
46、-13 Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service ClassificationSAE J300 Engine Oil
47、Classification4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 150960001.D4485 183SAE J1423 Passenger Car and Light-Duty Truck Energy-Conserving Engine Oil ClassificationSAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE) for Characterizing the Effects on Vulcan
48、ized Rubber2.3 American Petroleum Institute Publication:5API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (EOLCS)2.4 Government Standard:6DOD CID A-A-52039A (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, and 15W-40)2.5 American Chemical Council Code:7ACC Petroleum Additives Product Approval Code of Practice3. Terminolog
49、y3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines.3.1.2 category, nin engine oils, a designation such as SJ, SL, SM, SN, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4, Energy Conserving,Resource Conserving, and so forth, for a given level of performance in specified engine and bench tests.3.1.3 classification, nin engine oils, the systematic arrangement into categories in accordance with different levels ofperformance in specified engine and bench tests.3.1.4 heav
