1、Designation: D6557 18Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of AutomotiveEngine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)
3、2services (see Annex A4 to Annex A7).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the test purchaser decides if
4、 a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such astheAmerican Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Instit
5、ute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the test purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was oper
6、ating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.ASTM International policy is to encourage the development of test proced
7、ures based on genericequipment. It is recognized that there are occasions where critical/sole-source equipment has beenapproved by the technical committee (surveillance panel/task force) and is required by the testprocedure. The technical committee that oversees the test procedure is encouraged to c
8、learly identifyif the part is considered critical in the test procedure. If a part is deemed to be critical, ASTMencourages alternative suppliers to be given the opportunity for consideration of supplying the criticalpart/component providing they meet the approval process set forth by the technical
9、committeeAn alternative supplier can start the process by initiating contact with the technical committee(current chairs shown on ASTM TMC website). The supplier should advise on the details of the partthat is intended to be supplied. The technical committee will review the request and determinefeas
10、ibility of an alternative supplier for the requested replacement critical part. In the event that areplacement critical part has been identified and proven equivalent the sole-source supplier footnoteshall be removed from the test procedure.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT)
11、 proce-dure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of fluid lubricants. Theprocedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automo-tive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service condi-tions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses
12、 after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.Current edition
13、 approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6557 13. DOI:10.1520/D6557-18.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. In
14、formationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. This test method is supplemented by InformationLetters and Memoranda issued by the ASTM TMC. This edition incorporatesrevisions in all Information Letters through No. 18-1.*A Summary of C
15、hanges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the
16、Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct equivalent, suchas the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameter
17、s,and tubing size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limita
18、tions prior to use.See 7.1.1 7.1.3 and 8.2.1.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by th
19、e World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive EngineOils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn2
20、003)4E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect toa standard.3.1.2 corrosion, nthe chemical or e
21、lectrochemical reac-tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and itsenvironment that can produce a deterioration of the materialand its properties. D41753.1.3 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil,such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidateoil. D41753.1.4 r
22、eference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D41753.1.4.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils.3.1.5 rust (coating
23、s), nof iron or its alloys, a corrosionproduct consisting of hydrated iron oxides, usually reddish incolor but can also be brown-to-black.3.1.6 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 average gray value (AGV),nmea
24、surement ofbrightness units on test specimens, indicating the degree of rustprotection.3.2.2 specimen, na carbon steel ball, 5.6 mm (AISI 1040).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Multiple test tubes, each containing test oil and aspecimen, are placed in a test tube rack that is attached to amechanical sha
25、ker. The shaker speed and temperature arecontrolled.4.2 Air and an acidic solution are continuously fed into eachtest tube over an 18 h period to create a corrosive environment.4.3 The specimens are then removed, rinsed, and analyzedby an optical imaging system designed to quantify the antirustcapab
26、ility of each test oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 This bench test method was designed as a replacementfor Test Method D5844. Test Method D5844 was designed tomeasure the ability of an engine oil to protect valve traincomponents against rusting or corrosion under lowtemperature, short-trip service, a
27、nd was correlated with ve-hicles in that type of service prior to 1978.55.1.1 Correlation between these two test methods has beendemonstrated for most, but not all, of the test oils evaluated.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen Preparation SystemObtain the specimensfrom the Central Parts Distributor (CPD).6,76
28、.1.1 Specimen preparation equipment includes variouscommon laboratory apparatus and an ultrasonic cleaning bath.6.2 Air Supply SystemA compressed air supply isrequired, with two air filters, two pressure regulators, a gaspurifier, a gassing manifold (25 port outlet), TFE-fluorocarbontubing (25 lengt
29、hs, each 183 m) or equivalent multiport flowcontrol system, and a calibrated flowmeter (see Annex A1 andFigs. 1 and 2).6.3 Acid Solution Delivery SystemAn acid solution deliv-ery system that includes a multiple syringe pump with a tenposition rack is required. The flow rate range minimum, usinga 0.5
30、 L syringe, is 0.0001 Lh. The flow rate maximum,using a 140 mL syringe, is 220.82 mLmin (see Figs. 3 and 4).6.4 Test Tube AssemblyThe test tube assembly consists of24 disposable plastic syringes and other common laboratoryapparatus.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
31、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Special Technical Publication, “Multicylinde
32、r Test Sequences for EvaluatingAutomotive Engine Oils,” Part, Sequence IIID ASTM STP 315H, Available fromASTM Headquarters.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Central Parts Distributor, Test Engineering Inc., 12718 Cimmaron Path, SanAntonio, TX 78249.7If
33、 you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.D6557 1826.5 Temperature and Shaking Speed Control SystemAmechanical shaker, Bench-To
34、p Environ Shaker Model 4628,8,7provides an orbital shaking motion in a controlled speed andtemperature environment.6.5.1 Aspecial test tube assembly rack9,7(see Figs. 5 and 6)has 24 tube positions and is attached to the shaker platform457 mm by 457 mm.6.6 Air Delivery Manifold, required.6.7 Venting
35、SystemCommon laboratory apparatus is em-ployed for the required venting system (see Fig. 7).6.8 Image Analysis SystemA specific imaging analysissystem10,7is required. Three image analysis systems areapproved for use in this test: Generation 1 (Gen 1), Generation2 (Gen 2), and a hybrid of these two s
36、ystems Generation 2H(Gen 2H). This hybrid system is composed of the equipmentdescribed in 6.8.1.1 through 6.8.1.20, 6.8.2.4 through 6.8.2.6,and 6.8.3.3 through 6.8.3.4.6.8.1 Optics and IlluminationThe required optics andillumination equipment are shown below. The Gen 1 and Gen2H system components ar
37、e described in 6.8.1.1 through6.8.1.20. The Gen 2 system components are described in6.8.1.21 through 6.8.1.33.6.8.1.1 Nikon Epiphot 200 inverted metallurgicalmicroscope,6.8.1.2 BZ binocular head,6.8.1.3 RV 3 plate mechanical stage,6.8.1.4 CFWN 10 wide field eyepiece, high pointeyepiece,6.8.1.5 Manua
38、l BD 5 place nosepiece,6.8.1.6 Epiphot 300 EB block,6.8.1.7 DF module,6.8.1.8 CF BD plan 5/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.9 CF BD plan 10/0.13 plan achromat objective,6.8.1.10 EPI polarizer,6.8.1.11 Analyzer,6.8.1.12 Lamphouse for 12 V/100 W quartz halogen lightsource,6.8.1.13 Lamphouse adapter,
39、6.8.1.14 12 V100 W halogen bulbs,6.8.1.15 300/200 100 W power supply,6.8.1.16 Remote control cable,6.8.1.17 C-mount coupler for video camera,8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Labine, Inc., 15thand Bloomingdale, Melrose Park, IL 60160.9The sole source o
40、f supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis West End Machine and Weld, Inc., P.O. Box 9444, Richmond, VA 23228.10The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Meyer Instruments, Inc., 1304 Langham Creek, Suite 235, Houston, TX 77084.FIG. 1 Photo
41、graph of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 2 Schematic of Air Delivery SystemFIG. 3 Photograph of Acid Delivery SystemFIG. 4 Schematic of Acid Delivery SystemD6557 1836.8.1.18 NCB 11 filter,6.8.1.19 Power cords, and6.8.1.20 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer with a 5 mm holedrilled in the center (used as a sample ho
42、lder and samplerandomizer for sample orientation).6.8.1.21 Inverted Metallurgical Microscope NikonECLIPSE MA2006.8.1.22 C-TB Binocular Tube6.8.1.23 MA2-SR Rectangular Stage (with standard holder)6.8.1.24 CFI 10X EYEPIECE F.N. 22MM-NC (2 units)6.8.1.25 LV-NBD5-CH Epi BD 5 Place Nosepiece ESD6.8.1.26
43、CFI TU Plan FLUOR BD 5X (NA=0.15mm /WD=18.0mm)6.8.1.27 CFI TU Plan FLUOR BD 10X (NA=0.30mm /WD=15.0mm)6.8.1.28 MA2-PA Polarizing Filter Cube6.8.1.29 LV-LH50PC Precentered Lamphouse6.8.1.30 LV-HL50W 12V50W Halogen Lamp6.8.1.31 LV-TV Tube adapter6.8.1.32 Power Cord6.8.1.33 Ultracentrifuge tube spacer
44、witha5mmholedrilled in the center (used as a sample holder and samplerandomizer for sample orientation).6.8.2 Image Capture Hardware and SoftwareThe requiredimage capture hardware and software are shown below. TheGen 1 system components are described in 6.8.2.1 through6.8.2.3. The Gen 2 and Gen 2H s
45、ystem components aredescribed in 6.8.2.4 through 6.8.2.6.6.8.2.1 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 camera system,6.8.2.2 Research grade, high resolution, NTSC RGB/RS-170 frame grabber,6.8.2.3 The host computer system (shall meet or exceed thefollowing specifications):(1) HardwarePenti
46、um 133 MHz CPU, 16 MB RAM,540 MB hard drive, 1.44 MB 90 mm floppy, 1.44 MB 130 mmfloppy (optional), CD-ROM (highly recommended option),101 or Windows 95 keyboard, SVGAlocal bus video card with2 MB RAM (4 MB recommended), 2 button serial mouse withpad, 2 parallel ports, and 2 serial ports.(2) Softwar
47、eWindows 3.x/DOS 6.22 or Windows 95 Op-erating System, Microsoft Excel 7.0 (Microsoft Office 97recommended).(3) MonitorMedical grade high-resolution NTSC RGBcolor video monitor, (483 mm (19 in.) diagonal, minimum), allnecessary cables, connectors, and adapters (including a surgeand spike suppressing
48、 power strip).6.8.2.4 Research grade, high resolution camera system,Optronics Microcast.6.8.2.5 DP-Aexeon-PCIAexeon 32MB PCI Video Cap-ture kit.6.8.2.6 The host computer system shall meet or exceed thefollowing specifications(1) Hardware2.1 GHz or faster 64-bit (64) processor, 4gigabyte (GB) RAM (64
49、-bit), 40 GB available hard disk space(64-bit), DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higherdriver, Keyboard, Mouse, and Computer Monitor (1280 1024resolution or greater Min VERT RES = 1024).FIG. 5 Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 6 Photograph of Test Tube Assembly RackFIG. 7 Gassing Manifold for VentingD6557 184(2) SoftwareMicrosoft Windows 7 Pro (or Ultimate) 64-bit, Microsoft Excel 2010.(3) Secondary Monitor (for Camera)Sony LMD-2030MDW.6.8.3 BRT Image Analysis SoftwareThe required BRTimage analysis software for each system is shown
