1、Designation: D7390 181Standard Guide forEvaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by ComparisonBetween Two Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in October 2018.1. Scope1.1 There are multiple purposes for determining the
3、loadingof asbestos in dust on surfaces. Each particular purpose mayrequire unique sampling strategies, analytical methods, andprocedures for data interpretation. Procedures are provided tofacilitate application of available methods for determiningasbestos surface loadings and/or asbestos loadings in
4、 surfacedust for comparison between two environments. At present,this guide addresses one application of the ASTM surface dustmethods. It is anticipated that additional areas will be added inthe future. It is not intended that the discussion of oneapplication should limit use of the methods in other
5、 areas.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
6、 to use.For specific warning statements, see 5.7.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by
7、the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and IndirectAnalysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopyfor Asbestos Structure Number Surface LoadingD6480 Test Method for Wipe Sampli
8、ng of Surfaces, IndirectPreparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure NumberSurface Loading by Transmission Electron MicroscopyE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE2356 Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Sur-veys3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise noted all stat
9、istical termsare as defined in Terminology E456.3.1.1 activity generated aerosol, na dispersion of particlesin air that have become airborne due to physical disturbancessuch as human activity, sweeping, airflow, etc.3.1.2 background samples, nsamples taken from surfacesthat are considered to have co
10、ncentrations of asbestos insurface dust that are representative of conditions that exist in anenvironment that is affected by only prevailing conditions andhas not experienced events, disturbances or activities unusualfor the environment.3.1.3 control, nan area that is used as the basis for acompari
11、son.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis could be an area where the dusthas been previously characterized, an area thought to besuitable for occupancy, an area that has not experienced adisturbance of asbestos-containing materials, or that is forsome other reason deemed to be suitable as the basis for acomparison
12、.3.1.4 control samples, nsamples collected for comparisonto the study samples.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThese differ from background samplesin that they are collected: either: in an area where the dust hasbeen previously characterized, or in an area that has notexperienced a disturbance of asbestos-containi
13、ng materials, orin an area that is for some other reason deemed to be suitableas the basis for comparison.3.1.5 dust, nany material composed of particles in a sizerange of 0,(CHIINV(0.975,2N)/2),0) for the 95 % LCL and (IF(N0,(CHIINV(0.025,2(N+1)/2),(CHIINV(0.05,2)/2) for the 95% UCL.7.3.1 The 95 %
14、LCL and 95 % UCL in Table 1 refer to thenumber of structures at these limits, not the surface loading,which is calculated from the analytical parameters as shown inthe examples.7.3.2 The following terms are used in the tables in theexamples. All of the Analytical Parameters should be in thelaborator
15、y report or available from the laboratory. (See also3.1, Definitions.)7.3.2.1 Effective filter area is the area of the filter on whichthe rinse solution aliquot is deposited for TEM analysis. It isnot the area of the filter in the sample collection cassette, whichis not analyzed.7.3.2.2 Sample area
16、is the area of the surface sampled by theuser and is assumed to be 100 cm unless the user specifiesotherwise. It may vary for different samples.7.3.2.3 Volume filtered is the volume of the rinse solutionaliquot deposited on the filter for TEM analysis. It may vary fordifferent samples.7.3.2.4 Analyt
17、ical Sensitivity is the surface loading calcu-lated on the basis of finding one structure in the sample and isa function of the analytical parameters. It may vary fordifferent samples.7.3.2.5 Number of Structures is the total number counted inall grid openings for the sample according to the countin
18、g rulesof the analytical method.7.3.2.6 Sensitivity Weight is the reciprocal of the AnalyticalSensitivity for each sample.7.3.2.7 Structures 95 % LCL is the lower 95 % confidencelimit of the study samples and Structures 95 % UCL is theupper 95 % confidence limit of the background samples, basedon th
19、e Poisson distribution in Table 1. (See 7.3.)7.4 Example 1 Study Samples Exceed BackgroundSample but No Statistical Difference (Tables 2-6):7.4.1 Example 1 illustrates a hypothetical situation where acontractor scraped off small sections of asbestos-containingfireproofing on one floor of an office b
20、uilding. The work wasdone at several locations and when the error was discovered thearea was cleaned up using a high efficiency particulate airfiltered vacuum cleaner and wet wiping of all surfaces. Thebuilding owner demanded the air and surfaces in the affectedarea be at least as clean as other par
21、ts of the building notaffected. To answer the surface cleanliness question fivesamples were collected from non-porous surfaces in theaffected area and five samples from another floor on a differentventilation system (unaffected or background area). The resultsand analysis of the data are described i
22、n Tables 2-6.7.4.2 This example uses the analytical parameters in Table 2that are taken from the laboratory report.7.4.3 The analytical parameters are used to calculate thestudy area results in Table 3 and Table 4.7.4.4 In Table 3:(1) The number of structures and analytical sensitivity aretaken from
23、 the laboratory report.(2) The Estimated Loading is the product of the Number ofStructures and the Analytical Sensitivity.D7390 1814(3) Structures 95 % LCL is read from Table 1.(4) Loading 95 % LCL is the product of the Structures 95% LCL and the Analytical Sensitivity.7.4.5 In Table 4:(1) Total Str
24、uctures is the sum of the Number of Structuresin Table 3.(2) The Sum of Sensitivity Weights is the sum of Sensitiv-ity Weights in Table 3.(3) The Weighted Analytical Sensitivity is the reciprocal ofthe Sum of Sensitivity Weights.(4) The Estimated Loading is the product of the TotalStructures and the
25、 Weighted Analytical Sensitivity.TABLE 1 Upper and Lower 95 % Confidence Limits for the Poisson DistributionN = Number of Structures N = Number of Structures N = Number of Structures N = Number of StructuresN 95 % LCL 95 % UCL N 95 % LCL 95 % UCL N 95 % LCL 95 % UCL N 95 % LCL 95 % UCL0 0.000 3.0 50
26、 37.1 65.9 100 81.4 122 150 127 1761 0.025 5.6 51 38.0 67.1 101 82.3 123 151 128 1772 0.24 7.2 52 38.8 68.2 102 82.3 124 152 129 1783 0.62 8.8 53 39.7 69.3 103 84.1 125 153 130 1794 1.1 10.2 54 40.6 70.5 104 85.0 126 154 131 1805 1.6 11.7 55 41.4 71.6 105 85.9 127 155 132 1816 2.2 13.1 56 42.3 72.7
27、106 86.8 128 156 132 1827 2.8 14.4 57 43.2 73.9 107 87.7 129 157 133 1848 3.5 15.8 58 44.0 75.0 108 88.6 130 158 134 1859 4.1 17.1 59 44.9 76.1 109 89.5 131 159 135 18610 4.8 18.4 60 45.8 77.2 110 90.4 133 160 136 18711 5.5 19.7 61 46.7 78.4 111 91.3 134 161 137 18812 6.2 21.0 62 47.5 79.5 112 92.2
28、135 162 138 18913 6.9 22.2 63 48.4 80.6 113 93.1 136 163 139 19014 7.7 23.5 64 49.3 81.7 114 94.0 137 164 140 19115 8.4 24.7 65 50.2 82.8 115 94.9 138 165 141 19216 9.1 26.0 66 51.0 84.0 116 95.9 139 166 142 19317 9.9 27.2 67 51.9 85.1 117 96.8 140 167 143 19418 10.7 28.4 68 52.8 86.2 118 97.7 141 1
29、68 144 19519 11.4 29.7 69 53.7 87.3 119 98.6 142 169 144 19620 12.2 30.9 70 54.6 88.4 120 99.5 143 170 145 19821 13.0 32.1 71 55.5 89.6 121 100 145 171 146 19922 13.8 33.3 72 56.3 90.7 122 101 146 172 147 20023 14.6 34.5 73 57.2 91.8 123 102 147 173 148 20124 15.4 35.7 74 58.1 92.9 124 103 148 174 1
30、49 20225 16.2 36.9 75 59.0 94.0 125 104 149 175 150 20326 17.0 38.1 76 59.9 95.1 126 105 150 176 151 20427 17.8 39.3 77 60.8 96.2 127 106 151 177 152 20528 18.6 40.5 78 61.7 97.3 128 107 152 178 153 20629 19.4 41.6 79 62.5 98.5 129 108 153 179 154 20730 20.2 42.8 80 63.4 99.6 130 109 154 180 155 208
31、31 21.1 44.0 81 64.3 101 131 110 155 181 156 20932 21.9 45.2 82 65.2 102 132 110 157 182 157 21033 22.7 46.3 83 66.1 103 133 111 158 183 157 21234 23.5 47.5 84 67.0 104 134 112 159 184 158 21335 24.4 48.7 85 67.9 105 135 113 160 185 159 21436 25.2 49.8 86 68.8 106 136 114 161 186 160 21537 26.1 51.0
32、 87 69.7 107 137 115 162 187 161 21638 26.9 52.2 88 70.6 108 138 116 163 188 162 21739 27.7 53.3 89 71.5 110 139 117 164 189 163 21840 28.6 54.5 90 72.4 111 140 118 165 190 164 21941 29.4 55.6 91 73.3 112 141 119 166 191 165 22042 30.3 56.8 92 74.2 113 142 120 167 192 166 22143 31.1 57.9 93 75.1 114
33、 143 121 168 193 167 22244 32.0 59.1 94 76.0 115 144 121 170 194 168 22345 32.8 60.2 95 76.9 116 145 122 171 195 169 22446 33.7 61.4 96 77.8 117 146 123 172 196 170 22547 34.5 62.5 97 78.7 118 147 124 173 197 170 22748 35.4 63.6 98 79.6 119 148 125 174 198 171 22849 36.3 64.8 99 80.5 121 149 126 175
34、 199 172 229TABLE 2 Analytical Parameters for Example 1Effective filter area 923 mm2Number of grid openings examined 10Average grid opening area 0.009 mm2Sample area 100 cm2Total volume 100 mLVolume filtered 50 mLAnalytical sensitivity 205 s/cm2D7390 1815(5) 95 % LCL Structures is read from Table 1.
35、(6) Loading is the product of 95 % LCL Structures andWeighted Analytical Sensitivity.7.4.6 The same analytical parameters are used to calculatethe background area results in Table 5 and Table 6.7.4.7 The calculation procedures for the backgroundsamples in Table 5 and Table 6 are the same as for the
36、studysamples in Table 3 and Table 4. For example, Table 5 showsthat a structure count of 3 for sample B1 has a 95 % UCL of8.8 structures, giving a 95 % UCL loading of 1804 s/cm2.InTable 6 Total Structures is the sum of the structures in Table 5.7.4.8 The 95 % LCL for the combined set of study sample
37、sin Table 4 1070 s/cm2 is less than the 95 % UCL for thebackground samples 1267 s/cm2inTable 6 . Since thedistributions for the two sample sets overlap, there is nostatistical difference at the 95 % confidence level.7.5 Example 2 Clear Statistical Difference Between Studyand Background Samples (Tabl
38、es 7-11):7.5.1 Example 2 illustrates a hypothetical situation where acontractor scraped off small sections of asbestos-containingfireproofing on one floor of an office building. The work wasdone at several locations and when the error was discovered thearea was cleaned up using a high efficiency par
39、ticulate airfiltered vacuum cleaner only. The building owner demandedthe air and surfaces in the affected area be at least as clean asother parts of the building not affected. To answer the surfacecleanliness question five samples were collected from non-porous surfaces in the affected area and five
40、 samples fromanother floor on a different ventilation system (unaffected orbackground area). The results and analysis of the data aredescribed in Tables 7-11.7.5.2 This example uses the analytical parameters in Table 7that are taken from the laboratory report.7.5.3 The analytical parameters are used
41、 to calculate thestudy area results in Table 8 and Table 9.TABLE 3 Study Samples for Example 1Sample Number Number of StructuresAnalytical Sensitivity(s/cm2)Sensitivity WeightEstimated Loading(s/cm2)Structures 95 % LCL(Table 1)Loading 95 % LCL(s/cm2)S1 10 205 0.0049 2050 4.8 984S2 4 205 0.0049 820 1
42、.1 226S3 13 205 0.0049 2665 6.9 1415S4 4 205 0.0049 820 1.1 226S5 6 205 0.0049 1230 2.2 451TABLE 4 Combined Measurements of Study Samples for Example 1Total StructuresSum of SensitivityWeightsWeighted AnalyticalSensitivity(s/cm2)Estimated Loading(s/cm2)95 % LCLStructures(Table 1)Loading(s/cm2)37 0.0
43、24 41.0 1517 26.1 1070TABLE 5 Background Samples for Example 1Sample Number Number of StructuresAnalytical Sensitivity(s/cm2)Sensitivity WeightsLoading(s/cm2)Structures 95 % UCL(Table 1)Loading 95 % UCL(s/cm2)B1 3 205 0.0049 615 8.8 1804B2 4 205 0.0049 820 10.2 2091B3 3 205 0.0049 615 8.8 1804B4 4 2
44、05 0.0049 820 10.2 2091B5 6 205 0.0049 1230 13.1 2686TABLE 6 Combined Measurements of Background Samples for Example 1Total StructuresSum of SensitivityWeightsWeighted AnalyticalSensitivity(s/cm2)Estimated Loading(s/cm2)95 % UCLStructures(Table 1)Loading(s/cm2)20 0.024 41.0 820 30.9 1267TABLE 7 Anal
45、ytical Parameters for Example 2Effective filter area 923 mm2Number of grid openings examined 10Average grid opening area 0.009 mm2Sample area 100 cm2Total volume 100 mLVolume filtered 50 mLAnalytical sensitivity 205 s/cm2D7390 18167.5.4 In Table 8:(1) The number of structures and analytical sensitiv
46、ity aretaken from the laboratory report.(2) The Estimated Loading is the product of the Number ofStructures and the Analytical Sensitivity.(3) 95 % LCL is read from Table 1.(4) Loading 95 % LCL is the product of the Structures 95% LCL and the Analytical Sensitivity.7.5.5 In Table 9:(1) Total Structu
47、res is the sum of the Number of Structuresin Table 8.(2) The Sum of Sensitivity Weights is the sum of Sensitiv-ity Weights in Table 8.(3) The Weighted Analytical Sensitivity is the reciprocal ofthe Sum of Sensitivity Weights.(4) The Estimated Loading is the product of the TotalStructures and the Wei
48、ghted Analytical Sensitivity.(5) 95 % LCL Structures is read from Table 1.(6) Loading is the product of 95 % LCL Structures andWeighted Analytical Sensitivity.7.5.6 The same analytical parameters are used to calculatethe background area results in Table 10 and Table 11.7.5.7 The calculation procedur
49、es for the backgroundsamples in Table 10 and Table 11 are the same as for the studysamples in Table 8 and Table 9. For example, Table 10 showsthat a structure count of 3 for sample B1 has a 95 % UCL of8.8 structures, giving a 95 % UCL loading of 1804 s/cm2.InTable 11 Total Structures is the sum of the structures in Table10.7.5.8 The 95 % LCL for the combined set of study samplesin Table 9 6847 s/cm2 is more than the 95 % UCL for thebackground samples 1267 s/cm2inTable 11. Since thedistributions for the two sample sets do not overlap, the studysampl
