1、Designation: D8194 18Standard Practice forEvaluation of Suitability of 37 mm Filter Monitors and47 mm Filters Used to Determine Particulate Contaminant inAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice determines suitability of products used
3、 formeasuring particulate contamination in aviation turbine fuelwhen using Test Methods D5452 and D2276.1.2 There are two major parts of this practice. The first is forevaluation of the cellulose acetate butyrate field monitors thatare used in combination with the filters and the filter supportpads.
4、 The second part is for evaluation of the filter when usedwith an appropriate cellulose acetate butyrate field monitor.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address al
5、l of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed i
6、n accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2
7、.1 ASTM Standards:2D362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene (Withdrawn1989)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2276 Test Method for Particu
8、late Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD545
9、2 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationF316 Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Mem-brane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore Test2.2 Federal Standard:MIL-DTL-85470 Inhibitor, Icing, Fuel System, High FlashNATO Code Number S-174543. Te
10、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cellulose acetate butyrate, nthermoplastic that isknown to be adequate for manufacture of field monitors andchemically compatible for use with aviation fuel.3.1.2 field monitor, ntwo-part device (inlet plus outlet)used to hold a filter securely.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn thi
11、s practice, all field monitors aremanufactured from cellulose acetate butyrate polymer.3.1.3 filter, nthin, porous membrane used to separateparticulate contamination from a liquid.3.1.4 plugs, nsmall plastic parts designed to block inletsand outlets of field monitors.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Water
12、with blue dye dispersion is passed through amembrane filter in a field monitor to evaluate the field monitorfor leaks bypassing the filter.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mitt
13、ee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published February 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D8194-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer
14、to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Bldg. 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.miL.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
15、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom
16、mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2 Membrane filters are evaluated for color per AppendixX1 of Test Method D2276.4.3 Maximum and mean flow rate pore sizes of membranefilters are determined, as well as distribution of pore sizes onthe fil
17、ter.4.4 Reagent water Type III of Specification D1193 is filteredthrough a pre-weighed membrane filter in a field monitor andthe change in membrane filter mass is determined after drying.4.5 Fuel, (Test Fluid 2) filtered through a 0.45 m pore sizemembrane filter and prepared as per 10.3.2 is filtere
18、d througha pre-weighed membrane filter in a field monitor and thechange in membrane filter mass is determined after drying.4.6 Membrane filters are evaluated for compatibility andwettability with aviation fuel.4.7 Membrane filters are evaluated for strength.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice p
19、rovides criteria for products used tomeasure particulate matter present in a sample of aviationturbine fuel. The objective is to verify that filters, support pads,and field monitors fall within the acceptable ranges that areestablished by this practice.6. Membrane Filter and Field Monitor Evaluation
20、Procedures6.1 The test procedures will be run on three representativemembranes or field monitors that have been selected at randomfrom a standard production batch. Passing criteria are summa-rized in Table 1 and at the end of each section. All threesamples shall pass criteria. To ensure impartiality
21、, all testingshall be conducted by an independent laboratory.6.2 Specification LimitsSee Table 1 for specification lim-its.6.3 Evaluation of Filter Membrane, Field Monitor, orBothCompanies wishing to evaluate a membrane or fieldmonitor separately need only undertake testing related to thatparticular
22、 item.7. Sealability7.1 For consistent and representative filtration performance,membranes shall seal completely when installed in filtrationand field monitor equipment. The test setup outlined in Fig. 1is adequate for carrying out this test.7.2 Apparatus:7.2.1 A pressure source for dry, high-purity
23、, compressednitrogen.7.2.2 A pressure vessel of 5 L or greater capacity.7.2.3 An in-line pressure gauge capable of measuring from0 kPa to at least 518 kPa in 7 kPa increments.7.2.4 A field monitor, complete with protective plugs, tocontain the 37 mm, 0.8 m membrane filter backed by a 34 mmsupport pa
24、d.7.2.5 A field monitor casing so constructed that a perfectseal is made between its upper part and the top of the fieldmonitor and also between its lower part and the bottom of thefield monitor.7.2.6 A graduated metal receptacle of 5 L or greater capac-ity.7.2.7 Conductive TubingPrecautions to assu
25、re that tubingis conductive can be found in Test Method D2276, Section 6,if testing field monitors and in Test Method D5452, Section 7,if testing filters.7.2.8 A vacuum source, for example, as per Test MethodD2276, Section 11.7.2.9 A digital camera to record results.7.3 Reagents:7.3.1 Purity of Reag
26、entsReagent-grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.5Other grades may be used,provided it is fir
27、st ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the Ameri
28、can Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.TABLE 1 Specification LimitsATest Description Summary of Passing Criteria1 Sealability
29、 The filter shall show no sign ofleaking through the seal areaunder the field monitors inletcontact with the filter (bypassingthe filter).2 Color Appendix X1 of Test MethodD2276. Color standard rating shallmatch rating of 0 N96.3 Pore size/distribution: Maximum pore size 2.5 m Nominal pore size Betw
30、een 0.7 m and 1.1 m Pore size distribution within 20 % (or greater)0.2 gm of nominal4 Flow rate/weight change:Time to collect 5 L of waterthrough casing.110s5sFluid 1: Fluid 2: Fluid 3: Flow time specification #8min #8min #8min Weight change specification +0.15 mg +0.70 mg +0.70 mg5 Filter compatibi
31、lity: Fluid 1: Fluid 2: Fluid 3: Flow time change specification N/A 30 s 45 s Weight change specification N/A 3.5 mg 2.5 mg General requirement Following the compatibility test,filter membrane shall show no evi-dence of physical change to sur-face or diameter.6 Wettability Membrane shall be complete
32、lywetted by fuel within 15 min.7 Mechanical strength Shall show no sign of structuraldamage. Evidence of brittleness isunacceptable.AFor an explanation of Fluid Types 1, 2, and 3, see 10.3.D8194 1827.3.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, refer-ences to water shall be understood to mean reag
33、ent water asdefined by Type III of Specification D1193.7.3.3 A high molecular weight (300 g mol to 500 g mol)blue pigment powder, such as toluidine or phthalo blue.7.3.4 Laboratory grade detergent 10 % solution of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl-polyethylene glycol,t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethano
34、l, and polyethylene glycoltert-octylphenyl ether.7.4 Procedure:7.4.1 Prepare a dispersion of 0.5 g blue pigment in 3.785 Lof distilled water and add 1 mL of the detergent. Mix thor-oughly for 1 min. This dispersion has a maximum shelf life oftwo months; however, it should be mixed for 1 min before e
35、achtest.7.4.1.1 Add the blue dispersion to the pressure vessel.7.4.1.2 Install the field monitor casing to the vessels outlet.The field monitor casing contains the field monitor, whichcontains the membrane filter.7.4.1.3 Apply 345 kPa pressure to the vessel with the fieldmonitor casings three-way va
36、lve in the OFF position.7.4.1.4 Turn the three-way valve to BYPASS to vent off anyair, then to ON.7.4.1.5 Allow 50 mL of the blue dispersion to pass throughthe field monitor casing.7.4.1.6 Remove the field monitor from the vessel and placeon the vacuum source.7.4.1.7 Draw off remaining liquid from t
37、he field monitorthrough the monitors outlet and remove the monitors inletwith the vacuum still applied.7.4.1.8 Inspect the area of the test membrane outside of thefiltration area for trace amounts of blue color.7.4.1.9 Photograph results in color so that any blue color-ation outside the seal area ma
38、y be clearly seen.7.4.2 The area outside the filtration area should show notrace of blue coloration. If blue coloration shows a leak paththat bypasses the seal (through the field monitors sealingsurface), the seal is not acceptable and the test is rated as a fail.8. Color8.1 Membranes are used for t
39、he visual rating of aviation fuelcleanliness by color change. The initial color is, therefore,important. The surface of dry, unused membranes shall corre-spond to a rating 0 N96 on the ASTM Color Standards perAppendix X1 of Test Method D2276.9. Pore Size and Distribution9.1 Membrane pore size and di
40、stribution is important toensure consistent results in relation to legacy filter membranes.9.1.1 Maximum Pore SizeMaximum pore size shall bedetermined by Method A of Test Methods F316 for threemembranes/monitors. Water, as per Section 7 of Test MethodsF316, is to be used for this determination. The
41、maximum poresize permitted is 2.5 m.9.1.2 Pore Size DistributionPore size distribution is to bedetermined by Method B of Test Methods F316. The nominal(mean flow rate) pore size shall be between 0.7 pm and 1.1 mand a minimum of 20 % pore area shall fall within pores thatare within 0.2 m of the mean
42、flow rate pore size (nominal poresize).10. Flow Rate and Weight Change10.1 The rate of aviation fuel flow through membranes andchange of weight is important in fuel specifications. Theequipment pictured in Fig. 2 is adequate for membrane flowrate and weight change evaluation. All equipment and mater
43、ialshall be compatible with aviation turbine fuels containingadditives.FIG. 1 Test Apparatus for Seal Assessment: All Components to be Electrically Bonded Together and GroundedD8194 18310.2 Apparatus:10.2.1 A pressure source for dry, high-purity, compressednitrogen.10.2.2 A pressure vessel of 5 L or
44、 greater capacity.10.2.3 An in-line filter of maximum 0.45 m porosity.10.2.3.1 The in-line filter is not required if the test fluidshave been prefiltered into the pressure vessel through amembrane filter of maximum 0.45 m porosity. See Fig. 2 forsetup.10.2.4 An in-line pressure gauge capable of meas
45、uring from0 kPa to at least 518 kPa in 7 kPa increments.10.2.5 A field monitor, complete with protective plugs, tocontain the 37 mm, 0.8 m membrane filter, backed by a34 mm support pad.10.2.6 A field monitor casing so constructed that a perfectseal is made between its upper part and the top of the f
46、ieldmonitor and also between its lower part and the bottom of thefield monitor.10.2.7 A graduated metal sample receiver of 5 L or greatercapacity.10.2.8 Conductive tubing.10.2.9 A vacuum source, for example, as per Test MethodD2276, Section 11.10.2.10 Bonding/grounding of all equipment is particular
47、lyimportant when filtering flammable test fluids, as detailed inTest Methods D5452 or D2276.10.3 Reagents:10.3.1 Test Fluid I:10.3.1.1 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, ref-erences to water shall be understood to mean reagent water asdefined by Type III of Specification D1193.10.3.2 Test Fl
48、uid 2Jet A or Jet A-1 turbine fuel perSpecification D1655 clay treated in accordance with AppendixX1 of Test Method D3948 to give a water separometer index(MSEP) of 7 to 100. The aromatic content shall be determinedby Test Method D1319 and increased to 25 % by the additionof toluene per Specificatio
49、n D362.10.3.3 Test Fluid 3:10.3.3.1 Test Fluid 2 with the addition of:(1) 3 mg/L of a Specification D1655-approved electricalconductivity improver;(2) 0.20 % by volume di-ethylene glycol monomethyl ether(Di-EGME) conforming to Specification D4171 (Type III) orMIL-DTL-85470; and(3) A total of 28.0 mg/L of one or more of SpecificationD1655-approved corrosion inhibitor and lubricity improver(s).10.3.3.2 Determine conductivity level of fuel by Test Meth-ods D2624.10.4 Procedure:10.4.1 To standardize the conditions under which the
