1、Designation: D8235 18Standard Specification forEthyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending withGasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel gradeethyl tertiary-butyl
3、ether (ETBE) utilized as a blend componentatthe1%to22%byvolume for use as automotivespark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specifications D4814and D8076 as well as other automotive fuel applicationsinvolving ETBE.1.1.1 Other ETBE grades may be available for blending thatare not covered by this specif
4、ication. Specification D7618 isalso available from ASTM International.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in thisstandard: For purposes of determining conformance
5、 with thesespecifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall berounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with therounding method of Practice E29. All digits expressed in thespecification limits are to be considered
6、 significant digits.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limi
7、tations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization
8、 TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fue
9、ls by Jet Evapo-rationD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetro
10、leum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol
11、for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD
12、5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onP
13、etroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D8235-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
14、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international sta
15、ndard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D703
16、9 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7618 Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE)for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine
17、 FuelD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7796 Test Method for Analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether(ETBE) by Gas ChromatographyD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and HydrocarbonBlends by Karl Fischer Tit
18、rationD8076 Specification for 100 Research Octane Number TestFuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industr
19、ial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Government Regulations:3CFR 40 Code of Federal Regulations3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustri
20、es, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those used inthis specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the termsused in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3CH2OH. D48063.2.2 ethyl tertia
21、ry-butyl ether (ETBE), nthe chemicalcompound CH3CH2OC(CH3)33.2.2.1 DiscussionETBE is also known as 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane.3.2.3 finished fuel, na homogeneous mixture of blend-stocks and fuel additives meeting all specification and regula-tory requirements for its intended use at the location where
22、sold. D48143.2.4 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nthe chemicalcompound CH3OC(CH3)3.3.2.5 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 C4a molecule containing 4 carbon atoms.3.3.2 C6a
23、molecule containing 6 carbon atoms.4. Performance Requirements4.1 ETBE used in fuels for ground vehicles equipped withspark-ignition engines shall conform to the requirements ofTable 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified in Table 1, or the specification of additional prop
24、er-ties may be agreed upon between the supplier and the pur-chaser.5. Workmanship5.1 At the point of custody transfer, the ETBE shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, suspended orundissolved matter. It shall be clear and bright at the fueltemperature at the point of custody transfer o
25、r at a lowertemperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.5.1.1 Ethers, such as ETBE, are visually clear and brightunder normal conditions when free of contamination. If theproduct is not clear and bright, contamination of the productmay have occurred.5.2 The specification defines only a basic
26、 purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that can render the material unacceptable for itscommonly used applications.5.2.1 If the product appears discolored prior to the additionof any colored additives, contamination of the product mayhave occurred and test
27、ing for contamination may be warranted.Test Method D156 may be helpful in assessing the degree ofcolor of the product.5.3 Manufacturers and importers of ETBE shall avoidcontamination by silicon-containing materials. Silicon con-tamination of gasoline-oxygenate blends has led to fouledvehicle compone
28、nts (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygensensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement andrepairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determiningsilicon that might be applicable to ETBE. Additional studieswill be needed to include ETBE into the scope of Test MethodD7757. No specif
29、ication limits have been established forsilicon.5.4 Manufacturers and importers of ETBE shall avoidcontamination by chloride-containing materials such as salt3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.acce
30、ss.gpo.gov.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit ASTM Test MethodETBE, % by mass, min 95.0 D7796Ethanol, % by mass, max 2.5 D7796C4-C6 Hydrocarbons, % by mass, max 1.5 D7796MTBE, % by mass, max 2.0 D7796Water, % by mass, max 0.10 D6304, D7923, E203,E1064Sulfur, mg/kg, max 30AD2622, D3120,D5
31、453, D7039Copper Strip Corrosion, max 1 D130Solvent washed gum content, mg/100 ml,max5BD381AIndividual jurisdictions may require a more restrictive sulfur limit. These require-ments are to be negotiated between buyer and seller.BThe limit is included to ensure that finished blends of gasoline do not
32、 containexcess solvent-washed gum.D8235 182water or halogenated hydrocarbons. Low concentrations ofchloride ions are corrosive to many metals.5.5 Manufacturers and importers of ETBE shall avoidcontamination by sulfur-containing materials that can cause anincrease in the fuel sulfur content.5.6 In ca
33、se of dispute or cargo contamination and to test forsuitability for the intended use, corrosion test values shall notexceed those of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel specifi-cations.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods p
34、rior to sampling in order to understand the impor-tance and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in
35、 Practice D4057 or Practice E300 formanual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for automaticmethod sampling as applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container select
36、ionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 for procedures on container selection and samplemixing and handling. Where practical, ETBE should besampled in glass containers. If samples have to be collected inmetal containers, do not use soldered metal containers. This isbeca
37、use the soldering flux in the containers and the lead in thesolder can contaminate the samples. Plastic containers shouldbe avoided.6.4 Sample SizeA minimum of 0.5 L is recommended.6.5 Lot SizeA lot shall normally consist of the amountcontained in a tanker compartment or other bulk container inwhich
38、 it is delivered. If this definition does not apply, thedefinition of a lot must be agreed upon between the supplierand purchaser.NOTE 2See Sections 5, 6, and 7 on Significance, Safety, andStatistical Considerations, respectively, of Practice E300 for a detaileddiscussion of the statistics of sampli
39、ng.7. Test Methods7.1 The requirements of this specification shall be deter-mined in accordance with the methods listed below. Theprecision of a test method can differ from the reportedprecision when testing ETBE. There may be government, stateor local regulations that specify the test method to be
40、used forcompliance purposes.7.2 ETBE, percent by massTest Method D7796.7.3 Ethanol, percent by massTest Method D7796.7.4 C4-C6 Hydrocarbons, percent by massTest MethodD7796.7.5 MTBE, percent by massTest Method D7796.7.6 Water Content, percent by massTest Method D6304,D7923, E203, E1064.7.7 Sulfur, (
41、mg/kg)Test Methods D2622, D3120, D5453,D7039.7.8 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130. Preferableprocedure is the Pressure Vessel procedure at 50 C for 3 h.7.9 Solvent Washed Gum ContentTest Method D381.8. Keywords8.1 automotive spark-ignition engine fuel; ETBE; ethyltertiary-butyl ether; ethanol;
42、 MTBE; methyl tertiary-butylether; oxygenate; sulfur; water contentAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR ETBE FOR DOWNSTREAM BLENDING FOR USE IN AUTOMOTIVESPARK-IGNITION ENGINE FUEL AND SPECIFIED PROPERTIESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether may be us
43、ed as a blendingcomponent for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel to meetoxygenate content requirements or improve the antiknockquality, or both, of certain types of fuels.X1.1.2 The composition of unleaded fuel is subject to therules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S.Environmenta
44、l Protection Agency (EPA). The use of oxygen-ates in blends with unleaded gasoline is described underSection 211(f) (1) of the Clean Air Act. The performancerequirements of this specification were established to helpensure that the addition (in appropriate amounts) of ETBE asdescribed in this specif
45、ication would not be detrimental to theproperties of the fuel blend.X1.2 Ethyl tertiary-Butyl EtherX1.2.1 The ethyl tertiary-butyl ether minimum purity levellimits the quantities of contaminants. Some organic com-pounds other than ETBE can adversely affect the properties offinished fuel blends.X1.3
46、EthanolX1.3.1 Ethanol is one of the reactants in the production ofETBE. The limit is set to minimize the incremental effect onfuel vapor pressure.X1.4 MTBEX1.4.1 In the United States, MTBE content in automotivespark-ignition engine fuel is limited to 0.5 % by mass inD8235 183several States. The 2.0
47、% by mass limit for MTBE in ETBE isset to not exceed the 0.5 % by mass limit in finished fuel at thehighest-allowed ETBE content of 22.0 % by mass. ETBE andMTBE may share common manufacturing, storage, and distri-bution equipment. The limit is set to accommodate smallamounts of MTBE contamination fr
48、om processing and storagewhile ensuring that its content does not exceed state-allowedlimits in the finished fuel.X1.5 WaterX1.5.1 Blends of ETBE and hydrocarbon gasoline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency will vary with thechemical composition, temperature, ETBE, and ethanol con-tent o
49、f the fuel. Excess water (which can be soluble in ETBE)may not be soluble in the gasoline-ETBE blends and couldresult in a hazy fuel that does not meet the clear and brightrequirement of Specification D4814. The water content ofETBE used for blending with hydrocarbon gasoline is limitedto reduce the risk of haze formation.X1.6 SulfurX1.6.1 Sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds contributeto engine wear, deterioration of engine oil, exhaust catalystdeactivation, and corrosion of exhaust system parts in spark-ignition engine systems. The limit on sulfur is inclu
