1、Designation: E119 18c1An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forFire Tests of Building Construction and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTESI units in parentheses in
3、 8.2.1, 8.3.1, and 8.6.2.1 were updated editorially in December 2018.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of walls, columns, floors, and other building members under fire-exposureconditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe, and that are not amenace to neighboring structu
4、res or to the public. Recognition of this is registered in the codes ofmany authorities, municipal and other. It is important to secure balance of the many units in a singlebuilding, and of buildings of like character and use in a community; and also to promote uniformityin requirements of various a
5、uthorities throughout the country. To do this it is necessary that thefire-resistive properties of materials and assemblies be measured and specified according to a commonstandard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials, situations, andconditions of exposure.Such
6、a standard is found in the test methods that follow. They prescribe a standard exposing fire ofcontrolled extent and severity. Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposureelapsing before the first critical point in behavior is observed. Results are reported in units in whi
7、chfield exposures can be judged and expressed.The test methods may be cited as the “Standard Fire Tests,” and the performance or exposure shallbe expressed as “2-h,” “6-h,” “12-h,” etc.When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired, a proportionalincrease should be
8、 made in the specified time-classification period.1. Scope*1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-responsestandard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and tocomposite assemblies of structural materials for buildings,including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns,gi
9、rders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assembliesfor floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assem-blies and structural units that constitute permanent integralparts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register compara-tive performance to spec
10、ific fire-test conditions during theperiod of exposure and shall not be construed as havingdetermined suitability under other conditions or for use afterfire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled
11、 conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposurefor comparing the test results of building construction assem-blies
12、. The results of these tests are one factor in assessingpredicted fire performance of building construction and assem-blies. Application of these test results to predict the perfor-mance of actual building construction requires the evaluationof test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound uni
13、ts are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Su
14、bcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originallyapproved in 1917 as C19-1917 T. Last previous edition approved in 2018 asE119 18b. DOI: 10.1520/E0119-18CE01.These test methods, of which the present standard represents a revision, wereprep
15、ared by Sectional Committee on Fire Tests of Materials and Construction, underthe joint sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards, theANSI Fire ProtectionGroup, and ASTM, functioning under the procedure of the American NationalStandards Institute.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the en
16、d of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDe
17、velopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
18、tandard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables an
19、d figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mend
20、ations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C569 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of PreformedThermal Insulations (Withdrawn 1988)3D6513 Practice for Calculating the Superimposed Load onWood-frame Walls for S
21、tandard Fire-Resistance TestsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE2226
22、Practice for Application of Hose Stream3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E176.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the durationfor which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain afire, ret
23、ain their structural integrity, or exhibit both propertiesduring a predetermined test exposure.4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard firecontrolled to achieve specified temperatures throughout aspecified time period. When required, the fire exposure isfollowed by the application of a sp
24、ecified standard fire hosestream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The testprovides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of compa-rable building elements under these fire exposure conditions.The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions becauseconditions vary with change
25、s in the amount, nature anddistribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size andconfiguration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment.Variation from the test conditions or test specimenconstruction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, alsoaffects the fire-test-response.
26、For these reasons, evaluation ofthe variation is required for application to construction in thefield.4.3 The test standard provides for the following:4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission
27、 of hot gasesthrough the test specimen.4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the loadcarrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beamsand columns:4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under thetest exposure wit
28、h consideration for the end support conditions(that is, restrained or not restrained).4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimensconstructed with components or lengths other than those tested.4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the t
29、est specimencontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation ofthe passage of smoke or products of combustion through thetest specimen.4.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints betweenbui
30、lding elements such as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connec-tions.4.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of testspecimens.4.4.6 The effect on fire-resistance of conventional openingsin the test specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets,plumbing pipe, etc., unless specifically pro
31、vided for in theconstruction tested. Also see Test Method E814 for testing offire stops.5. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be representative of the con-struction that the test is intended to assess, as to materials,workmanship, and details such as dimensions of parts, andshall be built unde
32、r conditions representative of those appliedin building construction and operation. The physical propertiesof the materials and ingredients used in the test specimen shallbe determined and recorded.5.2 The size and dimensions of the test specimen specifiedherein shall apply for classifying construct
33、ions of dimensionswithin the range employed in buildings. When the conditionsof use limit the construction to smaller dimensions, thedimensions of the test specimen shall be reduced proportion-ately for a test qualifying them for such restricted use.5.3 Test specimens designed with a built-up roof s
34、hall betested with a roof covering of 3 ply, 15 lb (6.8 kg) type felt,with not more than 120 lb (54 kg) per square 100 ft2(9 m2)ofhot mopping asphalt without gravel surfacing. Tests with thiscovering do not preclude the field use of other coverings with2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
35、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.E119 18c12a larger numbe
36、r of plys of felt, with a greater amount of asphaltor with gravel surfacing.5.4 Roofing systems designed for other than the use ofbuilt-up roof coverings shall be tested using materials anddetails of construction representative of field application.6. Protection and Conditioning of Test Specimen6.1
37、Protect the test specimen during and after fabrication toensure its quality and condition at the time of test. The testspecimen shall not be tested until its required strength has beenattained, and, until an air-dry condition has been achieved inaccordance with the requirements given in 6.2 6.4. Pro
38、tectthe testing equipment and test specimen undergoing the fire-resistance test from any condition of wind or weather that iscapable of affecting results. The ambient air temperature at thebeginning of the test shall be within the range of 50 to 90F (10to 32C). The velocity of air across the unexpos
39、ed surface ofthe test specimen, measured just before the test begins, shallnot exceed 4.4 ft (1.3 m/s), as determined by an anemometerplaced at right angles to the unexposed surface. When me-chanical ventilation is employed during the test, an air streamshall not be directed across the surface of th
40、e test specimen.6.2 Prior to the fire-resistance test, condition test specimenswith the objective of providing moisture condition within thetest specimen representative of that in similar construction inbuildings. For purposes of standardization, this condition isestablished at equilibrium resulting
41、 from conditioning in anambient atmosphere of 50 % relative humidity at 73F (Note1).6.2.1 With some constructions it is difficult or impossible toachieve such uniformity. Where this is the case, test specimensare tested when the dampest portion of the test specimen, or theportion at 6-in. (152-mm) d
42、epth below the surface of massiveconstructions, has achieved a moisture content correspondingto conditioning to equilibrium with air in the range of 50 to75 % relative humidity at 73 6 5F (23 6 3C).6.2.2 When evidence is shown that test specimens condi-tioned in a heated building will fail to meet t
43、he requirements of6.2 after a 12-month conditioning period, or in the event thatthe nature of the construction is such that it is evident thatconditioning of the test specimen interior is prevented byhermetic sealing, the moisture condition requirements of 6.2are permitted to be waived, and either 6
44、.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shallapply.6.2.2.1 Alternative conditioning methods are permitted tobe used to achieve test specimen equilibrium prescribed in 6.2(Note 2), or6.2.2.2 The specimen tested when its strength is at leastequal to its design strength after a minimum 28 day condition-ing period.6.3 Avoid
45、conditioning procedures that will alter the struc-tural or fire-resistance characteristics of the test specimen fromthose produced as the result of conditiong in accordance withprocedures given in 6.2.6.4 Information on the actual moisture content and distri-bution within the test specimen shall be
46、obtained within 72 hprior to the fire. Include this information in the test report (Note3).NOTE 1Arecommended method for determining the relative humiditywithin a hardened concrete test specimen with electric sensing elements isdescribed in Appendix I of the paper by Menzel, C. A., “A Method forDete
47、rmining the Moisture Condition of Hardened Concrete in Terms ofRelative Humidity,” Proceedings,ASTM, Vol 55, 1955, p. 1085.Asimilarprocedure with electric sensing elements is permitted to be used todetermine the relative humidity within test specimens made with othermaterials.With wood constructions
48、, the moisture meter based on the electricalresistance method can be used, when appropriate, as an alternative to therelative humidity method to indicate when wood has attained the propermoisture content. Electrical methods are described on page 12-2 of the1999 edition of the Wood Handbook of the Fo
49、rest Products Laboratory,U.S. Department of Agriculture. The relationships between relativehumidity and moisture content are given in Table 3-4 on p. 3-7. Thisindicates that wood has a moisture content of 13 % at a relative humidityof 70 % for a temperature of 70 to 80F (21 to 27C).NOTE 2An example where alternative conditioning may be employedis where concrete specimens are conditioned at elevated temperatures in a“heated building” to more rapidly obtain the conditions described in 6.2.In such cases, temperatures other than 73F are used to reach a maximum50 % rela
