1、Designation: E3163 18Standard Guide forSelection and Application of Analytical Methods andProcedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide discusses the selection and application of analytical methods and test procedur
3、es usedduring sediment programs. This guide provides a flexible, defensible framework for selection andapplication of analytical methods and testing protocols used in wide range of sediment programs. Thisguide is structured as a tool kit to support a tiered approach with procedures of increasing com
4、plexityas the user proceeds through the process. This guide provides information on key decision criteria andbest practices to support the user in achieving intended sediment program objectives.There are numerous technical decisions that must be made in the selection and application ofanalytical met
5、hods and testing protocols used during a sediment programs. It is not the intent of thisguide to define appropriate technical decisions, but rather to provide technical support within existingdecision frameworks. This guide is not intended to replace existing regulatory requirements orguidance, but
6、rather to complement these programs. This guide encourages user-led collaboration withstakeholders, including analytical laboratories and testing service providers, in the selection andapplication of analytical methods and testing protocols used to support project-specific decisioncriteria for a par
7、ticular sediment program. This guide recognizes the complexity and diversity ofsediment programs and project objectives and provides appendixes to support a range of projectapplications.The appendixes are provided for additional information and are not mandatory for the useof this guide.ASTM standar
8、d guides are not regulations; they are consensus based standard guides thatmay be followed voluntarily.1. Scope1.1 This is a guide for the selection and application of arange of analytical methods and testing procedures that may beused during sediment programs, including physical propertiestesting,
9、chemical analytical methods, passive samplingprocedures, bioassays and toxicity testing, environmental fo-rensics methods and procedures, and methods developmentprocedures for sediment programs.1.2 Sediment programs vary greatly in terms of environ-mental complexity, physical, chemical and biologica
10、lcharacteristics, human health and ecological risk concerns, andgeographic and regulatory context. This guide provides infor-mation for the selection and application of analytical methodsand testing protocols applicable to a wide range of sedimentprograms.1.3 This guide describes widely accepted con
11、siderations andbest practices used in the selection and application of analyticalprocedures used during sediment programs. This guide sup-ports and complements existing regulations and technicalguidance.1.4 This guide is designed for general application to a widerange of sediment programs performed
12、under international,federal, state and local environmental programs. This guidedescribes the selection and application of analytical methodsand test procedures, not the requirements for specific regula-tory jurisdictions. This guide compliments but does not replaceregulatory agency requirements.1.5
13、This guide may be used for a wide range of sedimentprograms, including programs with overlapping regulatoryjurisdictions, programs without a clearly established regulatoryframework, voluntary programs, Brownfield programs, andinternational programs.The users of this guide should be awareof the appro
14、priate regulatory requirements that apply to sedi-ment programs. The user should consult applicable regulatoryagency requirements to identify appropriate technical decisioncriteria and seek regulatory approvals, as necessary, prior to1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on Envi
15、ronmentalAssessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. DOI:10.1520/E316318Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
16、cken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organi
17、zation Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1selection and application of analytical methods and test proce-dures to sediment programs.1.6 This guide supports the collaboration of stakeholders,including project sponsors, regulators, laboratory serviceproviders, and others, on the selection an
18、d application ofanalytical procedures to sediment programs. This guide high-lights key considerations for designing sediment program dataacquisition plans, including applicability and use limitations ofanalytical methods and test procedures, and data usabilityconsiderations. This guide recognizes th
19、e challenges inherentin selection and application of analytical methods and testprocedures for sediment systems, as well as the challengesinherent in generating analytical data of sufficient sensitivity tomeet regulatory criteria applied to sediment programs.1.7 ASTM standard guides are not regulati
20、ons; they areconsensus standard guides that may be followed voluntarily tosupport applicable regulatory requirements.1.8 Test methods, procedures, and guidelines published byASTM, USEPA, and other U.S. and international agencies areused for sediment programs, many of which are referenced bythis guid
21、e. However, these documents do not provide guidanceon the selection and application of analytical methods and testprocedures for sediment programs. This guide was developedfor that purpose.1.9 This guide may be used in conjunction with otherASTM guides developed for sediment programs.1.10 The user o
22、f this guide should review existing informa-tion and data available for a sediment project to determine themost appropriate entry point into and use of this guide.1.11 Table of Contents:SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Physical Property Test Methods
23、5Chemistry Analytical Methods 6Passive Sampling Methods 7Biological Test Methods 8Environmental Forensics Analytical Methods 9Analytical Method Development 10Key Differences in Physical Properties of Sediment andSoilAppendix X1Guidelines for Collection of Sediment Samples forPhysical Properties Test
24、ingAppendix X2Key Concepts in Sediment Stratigraphy for PhysicalProperties TestingAppendix X3Quick Reference Guide for Sediment ChemistryAnalytical Method SelectionAppendix X4Sampling Reference Guide for Sediment ChemistryAnalytical MethodsAppendix X5Critical Success Factors for Sediment ChemistryAn
25、alytical ProgramsAppendix X6Quick Reference Guide for Passive Sampling MethodSelectionAppendix X7Advantages and Limitations of Passive Sampler Typesfor Organic CompoundsAppendix X8Methodologies and Equations for Determining AqueousChemical Concentrations from Passive SamplerResultsAppendix X9Pros an
26、d Cons Evaluation of Biological Test Methods Appendix X10Decision Tree for Biological Testing Selection Appendix X11Species List for Biological Testing Appendix X12SectionDaubert Criteria to Guide the Selection and Application ofAnalytical Test Methods Used for EnvironmentalSediment ForensicsAppendi
27、x X13ReferencesBibliography1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulat
28、ory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Org
29、anization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1498 Test Method for Oxidation-Reduction Potential ofWaterD1586 Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) andSplit-Barrel Sam
30、pling of SoilsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-stantsD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unifie
31、d Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedures)D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by theDrive-Cylinder MethodD2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD3213 Practices for Handli
32、ng, Storing, and Preparing SoftIntact Marine SoilD4220/D4220M Practices for Preserving and TransportingSoil SamplesD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index of SoilsD4464 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Cata-lytic Materials by Laser Light ScatteringD4643 T
33、est Method for Determination of Water Content ofSoil and Rock by Microwave Oven HeatingD5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a FlexibleWall PermeameterD5739 Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by GasChromatography and Positive Ion
34、Electron Impact LowResolution Mass Spectrometry2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.E3163 182D6169
35、/D6169M Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sam-pling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for EnvironmentalInvestigationsD6913/D6913M Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution(Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve AnalysisD7263 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Den-sity (Unit Weight) of Soil Specim
36、ensD7363 Test Method for Determination of Parent and AlkylPolycyclic Aromatics in Sediment Pore Water UsingSolid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Selected Ion Monitoring ModeD7928 Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-tion) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the
37、 Sedimentation(Hydrometer) AnalysisE1367 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine In-vertebratesE1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, andManipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing andfor Selection of Samplers Used
38、to Collect Benthic Inver-tebratesE1525 Guide for Designing Biological Tests with SedimentsE1611 Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests withPolychaetous AnnelidsE1688 Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation ofSediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Inverte-bratesE1689 Guide for Devel
39、oping Conceptual Site Models forContaminated SitesE1706 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater InvertebratesE1850 Guide for Selection of Resident Species as TestOrganisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity TestsE2081 Guide for Risk-Based Corrective
40、ActionE2122 Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays WithCaged BivalvesE2205/E2205M Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action forProtection of Ecological Resources2.2 API Document:3API RP40 Recommended Practices for Core Analysis, 19982.3 EPA Documents:4USEPA Method 608 Organochlorine Pesticides an
41、d PCBs,SW-846 Compendium, 1984USEPA Method 680 Determination of Pesticides and PCBsin Water and Soil/Sediment by GC/MS, SW846Compendium, 1985USEPA Method 1613 Revision B Tetra- through Octa-Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope DilutionHRGC/HRMS, SW-846 Compendium, 1994USEPA Method 1664 Revision
42、 B n-Hexane ExtractableMaterial (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treatedn-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polarMaterial) by Extraction and Gravimetry, SW-846Compendium, 2010USEPA Method 1668 Revision A Chlorinated BiphenylCongeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissueby HRGS
43、/HRMS, SW-846 Compendium, 2003USEPA Method 1668 Revision B Chlorinated BiphenylCongeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissueby HRGS/HRMS, SW-846 Compendium, 2008USEPAMethod 8082 RevisionA Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) by GC, SW-846 Compendium, 2007USEPA Method 8260 Revision B Volatile
44、Organic Com-pounds by GC/MS, SW-846 Compendium, 1996USEPA Method 8270 Revision C Semivolatile OrganicCompounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS), SW-846 Compendium, 1996USEPA Method 8290 Revision A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans(PCDF) by HRGC
45、/HRMS, SW-846 Compendium, 20073. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 The reader should review the definitions presentedbelow prior to proceeding with use of the guide. This guideassumes a basic working knowledge of analytical proceduresand test methods applicable to s
46、ediment programs. Wherepossible and applicable, the terms included in this guide havemeanings consistent with published regulatory definitionswidely used within existing international, federal, state, andlocal programs. The following terms are being defined toreflect their specific use in this guide
47、. These definitions do notreplace existing regulatory definitions.3.1.2 sediment, na matrix of pore water and particlesincluding gravel, sand, silt, clay and other natural and anthro-pogenic substances that have settled at the bottom of a tidal ornon-tidal body of water.4. Significance and Use4.1 Th
48、is guide should be used to support existing decisionframeworks for the selection and application of analyticalprocedures to sediment programs.4.2 Activities described in this guide should be conductedby persons familiar with current sediment site characterizationand remediation techniques, sediment
49、remediation science andtechnology, toxicology concepts, risk and exposure assessmentmethodologies, and ecological evaluation protocols.4.3 This guide may be used by various parties involved insediment programs, including regulatory agencies, projectsponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, riskassessors, site remediation professionals, environmentalcontractors, analytical testing laboratories, data validators, datareviewers and users, and other stakeholders, which mayinclude, but are not limited to, owners, buyers, developers,lenders, insurers, government agencies, and com
