1、Designation: E352 13E352 18Standard Test Methods forChemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium-and High-Alloy Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-al
3、loy steels havingchemical compositions within the following limits:Element Composition Range, %Aluminum 0.005 to 1.5Boron 0.001 to 0.10Carbon 0.03 to 2.50Chromium 0.10 to 14.0Cobalt 0.10 to 14.0Copper 0.01 to 2.0Lead 0.001 to 0.01Manganese 0.10 to 15.00Molybdenum 0.01 to 10.00Nickel 0.02 to 4.00Nitr
4、ogen 0.001 to 0.20Phosphorus 0.002 to 0.05Silicon 0.10 to 2.50Sulfur 0.002 to 0.40Tungsten 0.01 to 21.00Vanadium 0.02 to 5.501.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:SectionsCarbon, Total, by the CombustionThermal Conductivity MethodDiscontinued 1986Carbon,
5、 Total, by the Combustion GravimetricalMethodDiscontinuedChromium by the Atomic AbsorptionMethod (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 174Chromium by the PeroxydisulfateOxidationTitration Method (0.10 % to 14.00 %) 184Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-OxidationTitrimetric MethodDiscontinued 1980Cobalt by the Ion-Exchan
6、gePotentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 14 %) 52Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-SaltSpectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 5.0 %) 60Copper by the NeocuproineSpectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 2.00 %) 89Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 2.0 %) 70Lead by the
7、 Ion-ExchangeAtomicAbsorption Method (0.001 % to 0.01 %) 99Nickel by the DimethylglyoximeGravimetric Method (0.1 % to 4.0 %) 144Manganese by the PeriodateSpectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 5.00 %) 8Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method 2031 These test methods are unde
8、r the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013July 1, 2018. Published May 2013September 2018. Originally approve
9、d in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 asE352 93 (2006).E352 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0352-13.10.1520/E0352-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit ma
10、y not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
11、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionsMolybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 162Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.01 % to 0.05 %) 136Phosphorus by the Molybdenum BlueSpectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.05 %) 18Silicon by the
12、 Gravimetric Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %) 45Sulfur by the GravimetricMethodDiscontinued 1988Sulfur by the Combustion-IodateTitration MethodDiscontinuedSulfur by the ChromatographicGravimetric MethodDiscontinued 1980Tin by the Solvent ExtractionAtomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 152Vanadium by
13、 the AtomicAbsorption Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 193SectionsCarbon, Total, by the CombustionThermal Conductivity MethodDiscontinued 1986 125135Carbon, Total, by the Combustion GravimetricMethodDiscontinued 2012 7888Chromium by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 174183Chromi
14、um by the PeroxydisulfateOxidationTitration Method (0.10 % to 14.00 %) 184192Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-OxidationTitrimetric MethodDiscontinued 1980 117124Cobalt by the Ion-ExchangePotentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 14 %) 5259Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-SaltSpectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to
15、 5.0 %) 6069Copper by the NeocuproineSpectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 2.00 %) 8998Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 2.0 %) 7077Lead by the Ion-ExchangeAtomicAbsorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.01 %) 99108Manganese by the PeriodateSpectro
16、photometric Method (0.10 % to 5.00 %) 918Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method 203210Molybdenum by the ThiocyanateSpectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 162173Nickel by the DimethylglyoximeGravimetric Method (0.1 % to 4.0 %) 144151Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Me
17、thod (0.01 % to 0.05 %) 136143Phosphorus by the Molybdenum BlueSpectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.05 %) 1929Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %) 4551Sulfur by the GravimetricMethodDiscontinued 1988 2935Sulfur by the Combustion-IodateTitration MethodDiscontinued 2012 3644Sulfur b
18、y the ChromatographicGravimetric MethodDiscontinued 1980 109116Tin by the Solvent ExtractionAtomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 152161Vanadium by the AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 1932021.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not i
19、ncluded in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standardcontains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the inf
20、ormation givenin the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
21、the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning”paragraphs throughout the
22、se test methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technica
23、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.E352 1822. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE50 Practices forApparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for ChemicalA
24、nalysis of Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by SpectrophotometryE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related MaterialsE173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Ana
25、lysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1998)3E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and WroughtIronE351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast IronAll TypesE353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging,
26、 and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-IronAlloysE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, andCobalt AlloysE882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis LaboratoryE1019 Test Methods for Determination of
27、 Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys byVarious Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion TechniquesE1024 Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(Withdrawn 2004)3E1601 Practice for Conducting an Interla
28、boratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical MethodE1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition2.2 Other Document:4ISO 5725ISO 5725 Precision of Test MethodsDetermination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for Inter-Laboratory Tests3. Terminol
29、ogy3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E135.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test suchmaterials for compliance with compositional specifications particul
30、arly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A1A01on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable ofperforming common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a
31、properly equippedlaboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.5. Apparatus, Reagents, and Instrumental Practices5.1 ApparatusSpecialized apparatus requirements are listed in the “Apparatus” Section in each method.5.1.1 In the methods specifying spectro
32、photometric testing, the cells utilized to contain the reference material solutions andsample solutions in spectrophotometers are referred to as “absorption cells”. Please note that the radiant energy passed through thecells can be measured as absorbance or transmittance. These methods refer to abso
33、rbance measurements. Refer to Practices E60for details.5.2 Reagents:5.2.1 Purity of ReagentsUnless otherwise indicated, all reagents used in these test methods shall conform to the “ReagentGrade” Specifications of the American Chemical Society.5 Other chemicals may be used, provided it is first asce
34、rtained that theyare of sufficiently high purity to permit their use without adversely affecting the expected performance of the determination, asindicated in the section on “Precision and Bias.”5.2.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent
35、water as conformingto Type I or Type II of Specification D1193. Type III or IV may be used if they effect no measurable change in the blank or sample.5.3 Spectrophotometric PracticeSpectrophotometric practice prescribed in these test methods shall conform to Practice E60.2 For referencedASTM standar
36、ds, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 A
37、vailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 “Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications,” American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of Reagents not listedby the Americ
38、an Chemical Society, see the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.E352 1836. Hazards6.1 For precautions to be observed in the use of certain reagents and equipment in these methods, refer to Practices E50.7. Sampling7.1 For proc
39、edures for samplingto sample the material, reference shall be made refer to Practice E1806.8. Interlaboratory Studies and Rounding Calculated Values8.1 These test methods have been evaluated in accordance with Practice E173 (withdrawn 1997) or ISO 5725. Practice E173has been replaced by Practice E16
40、01. The Reproducibility R2Reproducibility, R2, of E173 corresponds to the ReproducibilityIndex RIndex, R, of E1601E1601 The Repeatability R1Repeatability, R1, of E173 corresponds to the Repeatability Index rIndex,r, of E1601E16018.2 Calculated values shall be rounded to the desired number of places
41、in accordanceRounding of test results obtained usingthese test methods shall be performed as directed in ASTM E29with the Rounding Method of Practice, Rounding Method, unlessan alternative E29. rounding method is specified by the customer or applicable material specification.MANGANESE BY THE METAPER
42、IODATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD9. Scope9.1 This method covers the determination of manganese in compositions from 0.10 % to 5.00 %.9. Scope9.1 This method covers the determination of manganese from 0.10 % to 5.00 %.10. Summary of Method10.1 Manganous ions are oxidized to permanganate ions by treatm
43、ent with periodate. Tungsten when present at compositionsgreater than 0.5 % is kept in solution with phosphoric acid. Solutions of the samples are fumed with HClO4 so that the effect ofperiodate is limited to the oxidation of manganese. Spectrophotometric absorbance measurement is made at approximat
44、ely 545 nm.11. Concentration Range11.1 The recommended concentration range is 0.15 mg to 0.8 mg of manganese per 50 mL of solution, using a 1-cm cell (Note1) and a spectrophotometer with a band width of 10 nm or less.NOTE 1This method has been written for cells having a 1-cm light path and a “narrow
45、-band” instrument. The concentration range depends upon bandwidth and spectral region used as well as cell optical path length. Cells having other dimensions may be used, provided suitable adjustments can be madein the amounts of sample and reagents used.12. Stability of Color12.1 The color is stabl
46、e for at least 24 h.13. Interferences13.1 HClO4 treatment, which is used in the procedure, yields solutions which can be highly colored due to the presence of Cr(VI) ions. Although these ions and other colored ions in the sample solution undergo no further change in color quality upontreatment with
47、metaperiodate ion, the following precautions must be observed when filter photometersspectrophotometers are used:Select a filter with maximum transmittance between 545 nm and 565 nm. The filter must transmit not more than 5 % of itsmaximum at a wavelength shorter than 530 nm. The band width of the f
48、ilter should be less than 30 nm when measured at 50 %of its maximum transmittance. Similar restrictions apply with respect to the wavelength region employed when other“wide-band”other “wide-band” instruments are used.13.2 The spectral transmittance curve of permanganate ions exhibits two useful mini
49、ma, one at approximately 526 nm, and theother at 545 nm. The latter is recommended when a “narrow-band” spectrophotometer is used.13.3 Tungsten, when present in amounts of more than 0.5 % interferes by producing a turbidity in the final solution. A specialprocedure is provided for use with samples containing more than 0.5 % tungsten which eliminates the problem by preventing theprecipitation of the tungsten.14. Reagents14.1 Manganese, Standard Solution (1 mL = 0.032 mg Mn)Transfer the equivalent of 0.4000 g of assayed, hig
