1、Designation: E966 18E966 18aStandard Guide forField Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation ofBuilding Facades and Facade Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and toev
3、aluate the sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of theroom or an element of that faade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoorsdiffer from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and thetransmission of tha
4、t sound through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the sameas that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At thistime, there are
5、 insufficient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitablefor all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for themeasurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.This guide is part of a set of standards for e
6、valuating the sound isolation of rooms and the soundinsulating properties of building elements. Others in this set cover the airborne sound transmission lossof an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), thelaboratory measurement of impact sound transmissi
7、on through floors (Test Method E492), themeasurement of airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement ofimpact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the field measurement of airborne soundinsertion loss of doors (Test Method E2964), and the laboratory me
8、asurement of sound transmissionthrough a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).1. Scope1.1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoor noise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in sound pressurelevel between the free-field level outdoors in the absence of the structure
9、 and the resulting sound pressure level in a room. Eithera loudspeaker or existing traffic noise or aircraft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor sound field geometry must bedescribed and calculations must account for the way the outdoor level is measured. These results are used with Classif
10、icationE1332 to calculate the single number rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC. Both OINR and OINIC can vary withoutdoor sound incidence angle.1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single faade is exposed to the outdoor sound, or a faade element such as a dooror window has much
11、lower transmission loss than the rest of the faade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(), or apparentoutdoor-indoor transmission loss,AOITL(), may be measured using a loudspeaker source.These results are a function of the angleof incidence of the sound field. By measuring with sound incident
12、at many angles, an approximation to the diffuse fieldtransmission loss as measured between two rooms can be obtained. The results may be used to predict interior sound levels ininstallations similar to that tested when exposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used during the measurement. Th
13、e singlenumber ratings of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission class, AOITC(), using AOITL() and field outdoor-indoor transmissionclass, FOITC(), using OITL() may be calculated using Classification E1332. These ratings also may be calculated with the dataobtained from receiving room sound pressure m
14、easurements performed at several incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Building and EnvironmentalAcoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 on SoundTransmission.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2018Nov. 1, 2018. Pu
15、blished January 2018November 2018. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20102018as E966 10E966 18.1. DOI: 10.1520/E0966-18.10.1520/E0966-18A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have
16、 been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official docu
17、ment.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor incident sound field geometries that are encountered in the field, six testing techniquesare presented. These techniques and their general ap
18、plicability are summarized in Table 1 and Figs. 1-6. The room, faade, orfaade element declared to be under test is referred to as the specimen.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figu
19、res) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
20、the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard
21、izationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environme
22、ntal AcousticsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and ElementsE336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Fl
23、oor-Ceiling Assemblies Using theTapping MachineE1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-CeilingAssembliesand Associated Support StructuresE1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound AttenuationE1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Att
24、enuation Between Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling PlenumE2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates for Use in Sound Insulation Test MethodsE2964 Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors2.2 ANSI Standards:3S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave An
25、alog and Digital Filter SetsS1.40 Specifications and Verification Procedures for Sound CalibratorsS1.43 Specifications for Integrating -Averaging Sound Level Meters2.3 IEC Standards:3IEC 61672 Electroacoustics - Sound Level MetersIEC 60942 Electroacoustics - Sound Calibrators3. Terminology3.1 Defini
26、tionsfor acoustical terms used in this guide, see Terminology C634.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to
27、 the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.TABLE 1 Application Guide to Measurement of Outdoor-Indoor Level Reduction ONIROutdoor Signal SourceLoudspeaker Re
28、quired forOITL or AOTLOutdoor Microphone PositionMeasurement Section,Figure, CalculationEquationApplications RemarksCalibrated loudspeaker Incident sound pressure inferred from separatecalibration of source8.3.1, Fig. 1; Eq 3 Use when outdoor measurement at or nearspecimen is not possible.Loudspeake
29、r Several locations averaged about 1.2 m to 2.4 m fromthe facade element8.3.2, Fig. 2; Eq 4 Use when calibrated source or flushmeasurement is not possible.Loudspeaker Several locations less than 17 mm from specimen 8.3.3, Fig. 3; Eq 5 Use when the loudspeaker cannot becalibrated.Traffic, aircraft, o
30、r similar line source Simultaneous measurement remote from the specimen 9.3.1, Fig. 4; Eq 7 Use when it is possible to measure source infree field at same distance as specimen.Traffic, aircraft, or similar line source Simultaneous measurement 2 m from the specimensurface9.3.2, Fig. 5; Eq 9 Use when
31、remote measurement or flushmeasurement is not possible.Traffic, aircraft, or similar line source Simultaneous measurement with entire microphonediaphragm within 17mm of the specimen9.3.3, Fig. 6; Eq 10 Use when remote measurement is notpossible.E966 18a23.2.1 apparent outdoor-indoor transmission cla
32、ss, apparent AOITC(), nof a building faade or faade element, asingle-number rating calculated in accordance with Classification E1332 using measured values of apparent outdoor-indoortransmission loss at a specified angle or range of angles.3.2.2 apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(), dB
33、, nof a building faade or faade element, the value ofoutdoor-indoor transmission loss obtained on a test facade element as installed, in a specified frequency band, for a source at aspecified angle or range of angles as measured from the normal to the center of the specimen surface, without flanking
34、 tests toidentify or eliminate extraneous transmission paths.3.2.2.1 DiscussionFIG. 1 GeometryCalibrated Source MethodFIG. 2 GeometryNearby Average MethodE966 18a3All the sound power transmitted into the receiving room through both direct and flanking paths is attributed solely to the physicalarea o
35、f the test specimen. If flanking transmission is significant, the AOITL will be less than the actual OITL for the specimen.3.2.3 field outdoor-indoor transmission class, FOITC(), nof a building faade or faade element, the single number ratingobtained by Classification E1332 with OITL values at a spe
36、cified angle or range of angles.3.2.4 outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC or OINIC(), nof an enclosed space, a single-number rating calculated inaccordance with Classification E1332 using values of outdoor-indoor noise reduction.3.2.4.1 DiscussionOINIC is an A-weighted level difference based
37、 on a specific spectrum defined in Classification E1332.FIG. 3 GeometryFlush MethodFIG. 4 GeometryEquivalent Distance MethodE966 18a43.2.5 outdoor-indoor noise reduction, OINR or OINR(), dB, nfor a specified source angle of incidence or source sounddistribution, the difference in a specified frequen
38、cy band between the time average free-field sound pressure level at the exteriorof a faade and the space-time average sound pressure level in a room of a building exposed to the outdoor sound through thatfaade.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe outdoor-indoor noise reduction has been known previously in this gui
39、de as the outdoor-indoor level reduction, OILR. Formeasured data, the OINR () may be used to indicate results at a specific angle () as discussed in 8.5. ONIR may be used toindicate the weighted average of measurements over a range of angles as discussed in 8.6 or a measurement result due to exposur
40、eto a line source as discussed in Section 9.FIG. 5 Geometry2 m (79 in.) Position MethodFIG. 6 Geometry and FormulasLine Source Flush MethodE966 18a53.2.6 outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(), (dB), nof a building faade or faade element, in a specified frequency band,for a source at a specified a
41、ngle or range of angles as measured from the normal to the center of the specimen surface, ten timesthe common logarithm of the ratio of airborne sound power incident on the specimen to the sound power transmitted through itand radiated to the room interior.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe unqualified term OIT
42、L() signifies that flanking tests have been performed according to Annex A1 to verify that there wasno significant flanking or leakage transmission. In the absence of such tests, the test result may be termed theAOITL() (see 3.2.2).3.2.7 sound exposure level*SEL in decibels where the “*” denotes the
43、 frequency weighting such as CSEL for C-weighting(understood to be A if absent).3.2.8 one-third octave-band sound exposurelevel one-third octave-band SEL(f), (dB), nten times the logarithm to the baseten of the ratio of a given time integral of squared instantaneous sound pressure in a specific one-
44、third octave-band of centerfrequency f, over a stated time interval or event, to the product of the squared reference sound pressure of 20 micropascals andreference duration of one second.3.2.9 traffc noisenoise emitted by moving transportation vehicles, such as cars, trucks, locomotives, or aircraf
45、t moving alongan extended line path.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide provides procedures to measure the reduction in sound level from the outdoors to an enclosed room, theoutdoor-indoor level reduction, OINR, with a variety of sources and methods. With further measurements under restrictedcondition
46、s using a loudspeaker source, a basic property of a facade or facade element, the outdoor-indoor transmission loss,OITL(), may be determined. This requires that the conditions of Annex A1 be met to demonstrate that flanking of sound aroundthe test specimen is not significant. If it is not possible t
47、o meet the conditions of AnnexA1, theAOITL() is reported. These resultsmeasured with a loudspeaker will vary with the angle of the source as measured from the normal to the surface as shown in Fig.7. The OINR(), the AOITL(), and the OITL() may be reported for a variety of angles. The result using tr
48、affic noise,OINR(line,), can depend on the incidence angle , from the normal to the point at closest approach. See Fig. 8),FIG. 7 Source Location (*) and DefinitionE966 18a64.2 Sources of Test Signal:4.2.1 Loudspeaker SourceThe outdoor sound pressure level produced by a loudspeaker source is either
49、inferred from aprevious calibration of the level emitted by that loudspeaker at a specific distance (Fig. 1 and 8.3.1), or it is measured near thefaade (Fig. 2 and 8.3.2), or it is measured flush to the facade (Fig. 3 and 8.3.3). When the outdoor sound level is measured nearthe facade, measurements shall be averaged over several locations near the test specimen to minimize effects of incident andreflected sound wave interference. The test sound incidence angle, , is determined and reported.4.2.2
