1、Designation: F1891 12F1891 19Standard Specification forArc and Flame Resistant Rainwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes applicable test methods, minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a suggestedsizing guide, and sugges
3、ted purchasing information for rainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards ofmomentary electric arcs and open flames.1.1.1 This specification does not apply to the electrical contact hazards or electric shock hazards involved with electric arcs.1.1.2 This specification does not
4、 apply to flash fire hazards such as industrial hydrocarbon flash fires or other petrochemical flashfire hazards.1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe fit, function and performance criteria for rainwear that meets a minimumlevel of thermal and physical performance when exposed to a
5、 laboratorysimulated electric arc or flame exposure.1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be referenced inpurchase contracts to ensure that minimum performance requirements are met.1.4 Controlled laboratory tests used to dete
6、rmine compliance with the performance requirements of this specification shall notbe deemed as establishing performance levels for all situations to which wearers of this protective clothing may be exposed.1.5 The in-service care and use of this rainwear is beyond the scope of this specification.1.6
7、 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units shown in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Sections 7 and 9, of this specification: This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns,
8、if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD751 Test
9、Methods for Coated FabricsD1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2009)3D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD3393 Specification for Coated FabricsWaterproofnessD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Texti
10、lesD6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1958/F1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing by Electric ArcExposure Method Using MannequinsF1959/F1959M Test Method for De
11、termining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF18.65 on Wearing Apparel.Current edition approved May 1, 2012Jan. 1, 2019. Published
12、May 2012January 2019. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asF189106.12. DOI: 10.1520/F1891-12.10.1520/F1891-19.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
13、rdsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chang
14、es have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offici
15、al document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Federal Specifications:4Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. 191A Method 5516Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. CCC-T-191b Method 52042.3 AATCC Standards:5AATCC T
16、est Method 127 Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure TestAATCC Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knitted Fabrics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after the ignition source has been removed.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn
17、arc testing, a visible flaming on or near a test specimen which persists after the arc exposure has ended. The afterflame ceaseswhen flaming is no longer visible.3.1.2 afterflame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.3.1.2.1 Disc
18、ussionIn arc testing, the length of time for which a specimen continues to exhibit a visible flaming as determined by a time display videorecording of the specimen during arc testing.3.1.3 arc rating, nvalue attributed to materials that describes their performances to an exposure to an electric arc
19、discharge.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe arc rating is expressed in cal/cm2 and is derived from the determined value of ATPV or EBT (should a material system exhibita breakopen response below the ATPV value).3.1.4 arc resistant, adjthe property of a material or clothing system that provides thermal protectio
20、n from an arc exposure.3.1.5 arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arc testing, the incident energy on a material or multilayer system ofmaterials that results in a 50 % probability that sufficient heat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to cause the onsetof a second-degree skin b
21、urn injury based on the Stoll curve, cal/cm2 (j/cm2).3.1.6 breakopen, nin testing thermal protective materials, a material response evidenced by the formation of one or moreholes in the material which may allow thermal energy to pass through the material.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe specimen shall be consi
22、dered to exhibit breakopen when any hole is at least 3.2 cm2 (0.5 in.2) in area or at least 2.5 cm (1.0in.) in any dimension. Single threads across the opening or hole do not reduce the size of the hole for the purposes of this practice.In multiple layer specimens of flame resistant materials all th
23、e layers must breakopen to meet the definition. In multiple layerspecimens, if any of the specimen layers are ignitable, these hole dimension criteria for breakopen are applied to the FR layercovering ignitable layer that is closest to the heat exposure surface.3.1.7 breakopen threshold energy(EBT)
24、, nthe incident energy on a material or system of materials that results in a 50 %probability of breakopen.3.1.7.1 DiscussionBoth EBT and ATPV are determined and reported for the purposes of this specification.3.1.8 char length, n in measuring flame resistance of textiles, the distance from the fabr
25、ic edge which was directly exposedto the flame to the furthest point of visible fabric damage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.1.9 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order D
26、esk, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5 AATCC Technical Manual, available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, One Davis Dr., PO Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC277092215.F1891 1923.1.10 design test, n for arc and flame resis
27、tant rainwear, one made on a sample treated as representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally be repeated in quantity production.3.1.10.1 DiscussionPerform the design test only when a new or modified rainwear material, substrate, coating or adhesive is used to manufacturerain
28、wear. A change in rainwear material could be, but is not limited to, any of the following: The composition, weight or supplierof the substrate, or both, coating, laminate, or adhesive.3.1.11 dripping, nin testing thermal protective fabrics, coated fabrics or laminates, a material response evidenced
29、by flowingof the fiber polymer, the fabric, or the fabric coating, and the evidence of droplets from the material.3.1.12 electric arc ignition, n as related to electric arc exposure, a response that causes the ignition of textile material whichis accompanied by heat and light, and then subsequent bu
30、rning for at least 5 s, or consumption of at least 25 % of the test specimenarea.3.1.13 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.14 flame resistance, nthe property of a material whereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, or
31、inhibitedfollowing application of a flaming or nonflaming source of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of the ignition source.3.1.15 heat attenuation factor (HAF), nin electric arc testing, the percent of the incident energy which is blocked by a materialat an incident energy level equal t
32、o ATPV.3.1.16 human tissue heat tolerance, nin testing of thermal protective materials, the amount of thermal energy transferred tohuman tissue, which is predicted to cause a second degree burn; the Stoll curve.3.1.17 incident energy (Ei) , nin electric arc testing, the total heat energy received at
33、 a surface as a direct result of an electricarc.3.1.17.1 DiscussionIn an arc test, incident energy for a specimen is determined from the average temperature rise response of the two monitor sensorsadjacent to the test specimen.3.1.18 melting, nthe liquefaction of material under the influence of heat
34、.3.1.19 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.3.1.19.1 DiscussionShrinkage shall be determined as follows: before mounting the material specimen for arc exposure, measure the specimen widthin inches (cm) at the mid point along the long dimension of the specimen.Af
35、ter arc exposure, measure the specimen width in inches(cm) at the point of greatest specimen shrinkage. The “shrinkage” in inches (cm) of the specimen is determined by subtracting thespecimen width after arc exposure from the specimen width before arc exposure. The percent shrinkage is determined by
36、 dividingthe “shrinkage” by the “specimen width” (before arc exposure) and multiplying by 100.3.1.20 stoll curve, ncurve used to predict the onset of second degree burn injury.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe values which make up the Stoll curve are listed in Table X5.1.3.1.21 thermal exposure, nthe intensity
37、 of heat energy to which a fabric is exposed.3.1.21.1 DiscussionAs related to electric arc testing, the level of incident energy, in calories per centimetre squared (cal/cm 2), that is transferred tothe material surface as determined by measuring the rise in temperature on monitor copper calorimeter
38、s, positioned adjacent to thematerial.3.1.22 thermal protection, n of a material, the property that characterizes overall performance relative to reducing the transferof heat that is sufficient to cause a second-degree burn.3.1.22.1 DiscussionF1891 193Thermal protection of a material and the predict
39、ed second-degree burn injury can be quantified by the measured sensor responseand the observed breakopen material response which indicate how well the material blocks heat from the sensor surface and howwell the material resists breakopen.3.1.23 thermal resistance, nthe reciprocal of thermal transmi
40、ttance.3.1.24 thermal material response, nin the testing of thermal protective materials, the effects that are observed concurrent andsubsequent to thermal exposure, which can include phenomena such as breakopen, charring, embrittlement, melting, shrinkage, etc.3.1.24.1 DiscussionIn electric arc tes
41、ting, the thermal material response can be a result of intense radiant energy, convective energy, molten metalsplatter from electrodes or shock wave from rapidly expanding heated, ionized air, or any combination of these.3.1.25 thermal transmittance, ntime rate of unidirectional heat transfer per un
42、it area, in the steady-state, between parallelplanes separated by unit difference of temperature of the planes.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other textile terms used in this specification refer to Terminology D123, D4391 and F1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum
43、performance criteria for arc resistance, flame resistance and other requirements forrainwear used by workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs or flame.4.1.1 Material response characteristics, resulting from the arc exposure shall be reported as a part of the thermal p
44、erformancecharacteristics (see 9.3.4).4.2 This specification establishes minimum performance criteria for rainwear material and rainwear seams that will provideworkers with protection from rain under conditions of possible exposure to the thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs andopen flames.4.3
45、 Rainwear material that meets the thermal and physical performance criteria of this specification has been subjected to anelectric arc exposure test, Test Method F1959/F1959M.NOTE 1When rainwear is worn over conventional clothing or flame resistant garments, the rainwear material in combination with
46、 fabric(s) wornunder the rainwear may also be subjected to the electric arc exposure test, Provisional Test Methods PS 57PS 57, F1958/F1958M or F1959/F1959M andthe results reported.4.4 The purchaser has the option to perform or have performed any of these tests in order to verify the performance of
47、therainwear. Claims for failure to meet the specification are subject to verification by the manufacturer.4.5 This specification for rainwear shall not be construed as a requirement for the use of any particular rainwear material.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following items should be considered by
48、 the purchaser when buying rainwear under this specification and included, asnecessary, in purchasing documents:5.1.1 Type of material,5.1.2 Fabric weight (oz/yd2),5.1.3 Type and material of fasteners (buttons, snaps, zippers or hook and loop fasteners),5.1.4 Reflective material sections (optional),
49、5.1.5 Style and design or catalog number,5.1.6 Hood design (attached or detachable),5.1.7 Sizes,5.1.8 Color,5.1.9 Special identification markings (optional),5.1.10 Jacket length, and5.1.11 Notation of conformance to this specification.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The rainwear shall be manufactured of materials and constructed using seams that meet the requirements for leak resistance.6.2 Positive closures, such as buttons or snaps, shall be constructed so that they are covered by the rainwear outer layer material.This will result in t
