1、Designation: F3296 19Standard Practice forCommercial Application of Electric Security Fences1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide advice for theselection and use of electric security fences to deter, detect, anddelay an unau
3、thorized breach of the perimeter in a commercialapplication.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard. The tolerance on physical dimensions is 610 %unless otherwise specified.1.3 This standard does not purport
4、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard w
5、as developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referen
6、ced Documents2.1 BSI Standard:2BS EN 60335-2-76 Household and similar electrical appli-ances Safety Part 2-76: Particular requirements forelectric fence energizers2.2 IEC Standards:3IEC 60335-1 Household and similar electrical appli-ances Safety Part 1: General requirementsIEC 60335-2-76 Household a
7、nd similar electrical appli-ances Safety Part 2-76: Particular requirements forelectric fence energizers2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 70 National Electrical Code2.4 UL Standard:5UL 69 Standard for Electric-Fence Controllers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 electric fence energizer, nelectrical device th
8、at isused to convert continuous power to a short-duration pulseusing a fast-discharge electrical storage unit; it is also known asa controller.3.1.2 electric security fence zone, npredetermined sectionof the fence line that is monitored separately from anothersection of the fence line.3.1.3 gripple,
9、 nwire torque-tensioning device that incor-porates a ceramic roller as the main tension ratchet part.3.1.4 pulse, nburst of electricity for a short period of timeon a regular interval as opposed to continuous power.3.1.5 pulse rate, nnumber of pulses per second.3.1.6 security alarm panel, ndevice th
10、at detects a drop inthe power of the pulse and, based on a specific algorithm,initiates an alarm.4. Significance and Use4.1 Electric security fences, in view of their high-deterrentimpact, are a safe method to reduce security costs or enhanceexisting security. They are deployed in a wide variety ofe
11、nvironments and geographies. In particular, electric securityfences are used to decrease the need for security guards andother security systems.4.2 This practice provides information to users and manu-facturers of electric security fences, filling a void.4.3 International standards exist at the Inte
12、rnational Elec-trotechnical Commission (IEC) and the British StandardsInstitution (BSI) (see Section 2) that cover some aspects ofthese systems.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Detentionand Correctional Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F33.
13、06on Control Systems.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2019. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/F3269-19.2Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/.3Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, 1st Floo
14、r, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.5Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.Copyright ASTM
15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stand
16、ards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.4 A standard issued by Underwriters Laboratories (UL)(UL 69) covers electric-fence controllers to be used on lightingor line circuits in accordance with the National Electrical Code
17、,NFPA 70. However, UL 69 covers specifically electric-fencecontrollers used only for the control of animals. Its require-ments cover portable and permanently mounted electric fencecontrollers with peak-discharge or sinusoidal-discharge outputfor indoor or outdoor use, including battery operated cont
18、rol-lers intended to operate from battery circuits of 42.4 V or less,line-operated controllers intended to operate from circuits of125 V or less, combination controllers intended to operate fromeither a battery or a line circuit, and photovoltaic modulebattery operated controllers. The scope states
19、that the require-ments of UL 69 do not cover electric fence controllers for thecontinuous (uninterrupted) current type or intermediateequipment, such as a converter, a rectifier, or the like, that issometimes used between the primary source of supply and anelectric fence controller and is investigat
20、ed only as part of acomplete controller. UL 69 also states that the requirements donot cover electric fence controllers for use with electrifiedsecurity fences.4.5 In contrast to UL 69, this practice specifically addressesthe use of electric security fences in a commercial application.NOTE 1Extensiv
21、e research on the safety of pulsed electrical devices,which are used in electric fence controllers, is found in work by AmitNimunkar and John Webster.6This research provides background on thesafety of electric security fences and is of value to those wishing tounderstand the basic science behind the
22、se systems.5. Key Features5.1 Electric security fences have the following key compo-nents: (1) a wire fence array (Section 6), (2) a controller (orelectric fence energizer) that continuously monitors an electricfence and generates an alarm when pre-programmed conditionsare met (Section 7), (3) one o
23、r more electric fence access gates(to provide access to the facility), and (4) electric fenceinsulators (to maximize return voltage). The electric securityfence system shall be designed such that, when tested byoperating the energizer at the rated voltage with a 500 loadconnected across the terminal
24、s, the output characteristics are:75.1.1 The pulse repetition rate shall not exceed 1 Hz;5.1.2 The impulse duration of the impulse shall not exceed10 ms;5.1.3 For energy limited energizers, the energy/impulseshall not exceed 5 J;5.1.4 For current limited energizers, the output current shallnot excee
25、d:5.1.4.1 The value specified in Eq 1, where impulse durationis measured in ms and output current is measured in mA:impulse duration 5 41.885 31033 output current!21.34(1)5.1.4.2 For an impulse duration of less than 0.1 ms, 15 700mA.NOTE 2IEC 60335-2-76 provides background for safe use includingrang
26、e of maximum current and duration combinations, maximum fre-quency of pulse, and maximum energy per pulse.5.2 All energized wires in a multi-energizer system shall beenergized simultaneously. Pulse repetition rates less than 1 Hzshall be allowed.5.3 The energizer shall be able to function in operati
27、ngenvironment with temperature ranges of 10 to +40C andnoncondensing 0 to 95 % humidity.5.4 Each energizer shall have a backup power supplyappropriate for the site-specific application under full load inthe event of a mains power failure, if applicable. Eight hours ofbattery power shall be the minim
28、um; additional coverage isencouraged.5.5 Key Additional FeaturesThe following additional fea-tures shall be allowed to aid redundancy, ease of use, andmaintenance with the tradeoff being increasing complexity andcost.5.5.1 Independent single or switchable energizers that in-crease cost and complexit
29、y, however, enhance redundancy.When an energizer fails, at least a portion of the system willremain active.5.5.2 Auxiliary supervised alarm inputs to allow for thesetting of multiple trigger points for alarms. This can be helpfulin minimizing false alarms and giving early warning ofpotential mainten
30、ance needs.5.5.3 Programmable outputs to allow for integration withother security systems such as gates or cameras.5.5.4 Illuminated indicators on the energizer to allow forease of monitoring proper system function, monitoring, andindication of alarms. They may be used to show pulse rate,return puls
31、e, high-voltage (HV) alarm, output on, datareceived, data transmitted, and tamper.5.6 The system shall incorporate lightning suppression perthe manufacturers specifications. This can be achieved inmultiple ways providing varying degrees of protection.6. Wire Fence Array6.1 The electric security fenc
32、e shall be separated from thepublic by means of a physical barrier not less than 1.5 m highor an equivalent natural barrier. Physical barriers are typicallyconstructed of various materials.6.2 The configurations of the wire array shall be allowed tovary to suit different applications.6.3 To ensure a
33、n effective system and minimize mainte-nance cost, all metals in contact with the fence array shall be amaterial to minimize electrolysis.6.4 The following additional features shall be allowed, asthey aid redundancy, ease of use, and maintenance with thetradeoff being increasing complexity and cost.
34、6.4.1 There are two main configurations of electric securityfence, freestanding or attached to an existing fence, wall, orsupporting structure. While it is possible that there will besome cost differences between the type, selection is usuallybased on site considerations. The most common configurati
35、onfor the security fence is to be freestanding.6Nimunkar, A. J., and Webster, J. G., “Safety of pulsed electric devices,”Physiol. Meas., Vol 30, 2009, pp. 101114.7Source IEC 60335-2-76.F3296 1926.4.2 Wire shall comply with the manufacturers specifica-tions. A variety of wire types and gauges of wire
36、 are allowed.The choice is driven by the sites requirements and the entiretyof the manufacturers system.6.4.3 The wire spacing and configuration shall be allowed tovary to suit different applications. Normally, the spacing shallbe between a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 230 mm.The objective is t
37、o maximize the effectiveness of the securitywhile minimizing initial and ongoing maintenance cost.6.4.4 Fence infrastructure shall be to the electric securityfence manufacturers specifications.7. Controls7.1 There are many methods of control to suit differentapplications. To ensure an effective syst
38、em, maximize up time,and minimize maintenance cost, the following design limita-tions shall be met:7.1.1 Commercially accepted security communications pro-tocols such as copper, fiber, wireless, and ethernet, and7.1.2 The security alarm panel or software design controlsystem shall monitor tamper ala
39、rms and the event log.8. Training8.1 To maximize effectiveness and minimize maintenancecost, effective training shall be done appropriate to the employ-ees responsibilities. Training shall be consistent with theusers training policy and procedures.9. Maintenance9.1 The following shall be minimum mai
40、ntenance frequen-cies.9.1.1 The following should be done daily:9.1.1.1 A fence line visual inspection should be done dailyto remove trash, repair any attempts to compromise the system,and note situations proactively that might compromise thesystem such as vegetation growth.9.1.2 The following shall
41、be done monthly:9.1.2.1 An alarm test in each zone in addition to the dailymaintenance. This shall be done by shorting a wire to electricalground or touching wire to wire using an approved testing toolrecommended by manufacturer.9.1.3 The following should be done annually:9.1.3.1 Inspect batteries f
42、or signs of apparent wear,tampering, or damage.10. Signage10.1 Warning signs shall be placed at intervals not exceed-ing 19 m and on every gate.11. Keywords11.1 electric security fence; energizer; return voltageASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
43、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
44、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
45、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
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