1、Designation: F3344 19Standard Guide forStorage, Use, and Handling of Liquid Rocket Propellants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.The scope of this standard is limited to fuels and oxidizers which are not themselves monopropellants. While each propellant has itsown unique haza
3、rds and handling practices, in general, the most important line of defense in storage and ground handling is to ensurethat large quantities of fuels and oxidizer do not come into contact. As a monopropellant, by definition, can release chemical energywithout mixture with another chemical, safety pra
4、ctices for monopropellants must assume the potential for that energy release, whichdiffers from the approach for fuels and oxidizers. This standard provides no guidance for monopropellant storage and handling. Somecommon monopropellants include: Hydrogen Peroxide, Nitromethane, Nitrous Oxide, Ethyle
5、ne Oxide, Hydrazine (including derivativessuch as UDMH or MMH), and any chemical mixture where an oxidizer and a fuel have been premixed, such as various ammoniumnitrate and fuel combinations.1. Scope1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this guide shall be to providefundamental safeguards for the storage, use,
6、 and handling ofliquid rocket propellants to ensure the safety of workersinvolved as well as the public.1.2 GoalThe functional goal of this guide shall be toreduce the explosive hazard of liquid rocket propellants tohazard levels such that the use of quantity-distance criteria isnot essential to ass
7、ure public safety.1.3 ApplicationThe requirements of this guide shall applyto persons directly involved in the storage, use, or handling ofliquid rocket propellants during nominal operations only.1.4 RetroactivityThe provisions of this guide are notretroactive.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units
8、are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and envir
9、onmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 Environmental ConcernsThe scope of this standardencompasses the safety precautions for fuels and oxidizersused in commercial launch vehicles; it does not address thevarious precautions required to minimize
10、 risks of environmen-tal contamination. Environmental regulation for chemical stor-age differs between different states and municipalities, andoperators should consult the regulations of the authority havingjurisdiction over their site for such matters.1.8 This international standard was developed i
11、n accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2
12、.1 CGA Standard:2CGA G-4 Oxygen2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids CodeNFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids CodeNFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Han-dling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)NFPA 407 Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing:Section 5.8 Open
13、 Flames on Aircraft Fuel ServicingRampsSection 5.9 Lightning PrecautionsSection 5.10 Aircraft Fuel Servicing LocationsNFPA 704 Standard System for the Identification of theHazards of Materials for Emergency Response2.3 Federal Standards:29 CFR Part 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible Liq-uids440 CFR
14、Part 355 Emergency Planning and Notification4EPCRA Section 302 Emergency Response Planning51This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F47 on CommercialSpaceflight and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F47.04 on Spaceports.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published Janua
15、ry 2019. DOI: 10.1520/F334419.2Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 14501 George CarterWay, Suite 103, Chantilly, VA 20151, http:/.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from U.S. Government Pu
16、blishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.gpo.gov.5Available from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jeffer-son Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
17、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issue
18、d by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Significance and Use3.1 ApplicabilityThis guide shall apply to the storage, use,and handling of liquid rocket propellants.3.2 ExemptionsThis guide shall not apply to the follow-ing:3.2.1 Storage, use, or handling of so
19、lid rocket propellant;3.2.2 Storage, use, or handling of pyrotechnics;3.2.3 Storage, use, or handling of hypergolic liquid rocketpropellants; and3.2.4 Storage, use, or handling of extremely hazardousrocket propellants those listed as an extremely hazardoussubstance in the Emergency Planning and Comm
20、unity Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Section 302 (40 CFR Part 355).3.3 EquivalencyNothing in this guide is intended to dis-courage the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalentor superior quality, strength, fire resistance, debris protection,effectiveness, durability, or safety over those prescr
21、ibed by thisguide.3.4 GeneralThe standards or portions thereof listed in thisguide are advisory. Compliance with referenced standards is anacceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance withthis guide.3.5 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)If any provisionof this guide conflicts with a requ
22、irement of the AHJ, therequirement of the AHJ shall take precedence over this guide.4. Propellants4.1 Table 1 displays recommended standards to referencewhen handling and storing various propellants.5. Keywords5.1 handling; liquid rocket propellants; storageASTM International takes no position respe
23、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st
24、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internat
25、ional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown belo
26、w.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (
27、fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Recommended Reference StandardsPropellants:CGA G-4 NFPA 30 NFPA 55 NFPA 59ANFPA 407(Sec. 5.85.10)NFPA 70429 CFRPart 1910.106Methane UUUUUUEthanePropane U UUUMethanolEthanolIsopropanol U UUUKeroseneOxygen UUUF3344 192
