1、IEEE Std 1189-2007(Revision of IEEE Std 1189-1996)IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA)Batteries for Stationary ApplicationsIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA23 January 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theStationary Batteries Committee1189TMIEEE Std 1
2、189-2007 (Revision of IEEE Std 1189-1996) IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications Sponsor Stationary Batteries Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 27 September 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide describes
3、methods for selecting the appropriate type of valve-regulated, immobilized-electrolyte, recombinant lead-acid battery for any of a variety of stationary float applications. The purpose of this document is to ensure that the reader is aware of all significant issues that should be considered when sel
4、ecting VRLA batteries, so that the user might make an informed decision. Keywords: absorbed glass mat, battery selection, gelled electrolyte, immobilized electrolyte, oxygen recombination, stationary applications, valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries _ The Institute of Electrical and Electroni
5、cs Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 23 January 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
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22、ve, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1189,
23、 IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications. Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are playing an ever-increasing role in control and power systems, for stationary reserve use in electric utilities, telecommunications, and uninterruptible
24、power systems. In many cases, VRLA batteries are being substituted for vented lead-acid batteries. Their use is also expanding into many other applications where their unique characteristics appear attractive. Both gelled electrolyte and absorbed electrolyte VRLA designs, covering a range of sizes a
25、nd capacities, are now available for use in many traditional and nontraditional battery applications. This guide fulfills the need within the industry to provide common understanding on VRLA cells and is applicable to all installations and battery sizes. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for th
26、is and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/re
27、ading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in conne
28、ction therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Further
29、 information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At the time that this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the VRLA Selection Working Group had the following membership: Jos Marrero, Chair Curtis L. Ashton, Vice-chair Phyllis Archer Gary M.
30、Balash Tim Bolgeo Allen Byrne William P. Cantor Thomas Carpenter Garth P. Corey Thomas Croda Eddie L. Davis Ramesh Desai Wayne E. Johnson Stephen McCluer James A. McDowall Kimberley Mosley Samuel T. Norman Zbig Noworolski Bansi Patel Hal Priestley Jan Reber Omi Samanta Rob Schmitt Sam Shah Lesley D.
31、 Varga Allan Williamson The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven C. Alexanderson Curtis L. Ashton Ali Al Awazi Gary M. Balash Thomas M. Barnes Thomas Blair William G. Bloethe Ri
32、chard T. Bolgeo Mark D. Bowman Steven R. Brockschink William P. Cantor James S. Case Jay L. Chamberlin Mark S. Clark Tommy P. Cooper Garth P. Corey John Coyle Thomas Croda Stephen Dare Eddie L. Davis Donald G. Dunn Gary Engmann John P. Gagge, Jr. Randall C. Groves Ajit K. Gwal David A. Horvath David
33、 D. Ittner Alan G. Jensen Wayne E. Johnson Michael Jump Joseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Thomas W. La Rose Keith N. Malmedal Stephen McCluer William J. Mccoy James A. McDowall Gary L. Michel Jerry R. Murphy Haissam Nasrat Dennis K. Neitzel Arthur S. Neubauer Michael S. Newman Samuel
34、T. Norman Percy E. Pool Paulette Payne Powell Edward P. Rafter John D. Randolph Michael A. Roberts Steven Sano Bartien Sayogo Richard Setchell Tarkeshwar Singh David R. Smith Paul B. Sullivan Richard M. Tressler Lesley D. Varga Stephen L. Vechy Kenneth White Edward D. Wirth Donald W. Zipse When the
35、IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 27 September 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Jul
36、ian Forster* Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsen
37、d Howard L. Wolfman*Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Lorraine Patsco IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Michael D. Kipness IEEE Standards Program M
38、anager, Technical Program Development v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. CONTENTS 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions 2 4. Technology overview . 2 4.1 Water loss 2 4.2 Oxygen recombination. 2 4.3 Oxygen transport between positive and negative p
39、lates 2 4.4 Immobilized electrolyte technology 3 4.5 Hydrogen evolution . 3 4.6 Pressure-regulation valve. 3 4.7 Catalysts 3 5. Comparisons of vented (flooded) and valve-regulated technologies 3 5.1 Reactions . 3 5.2 Construction materials. 4 5.3 Aging and failure mechanisms 4 5.4 Electrolyte specif
40、ic gravity 6 5.5 Charging voltage 6 5.6 Absence of free electrolyte 7 5.7 Maintenance and testing 7 5.8 Orientation in use. 7 5.9 Vented gas . 7 5.10 Historical service life. 7 5.11 VRLA advantages and disadvantages 8 6. Selecting VRLA batteries. 9 6.1 Temperature. 9 6.2 Charging considerations 9 6.
41、3 Space limitations 10 6.4 Environment 10 6.5 Life considerations 10 6.6 Safety. 10 6.7 Thermal management considerations 10 6.8 Maintenance considerations. 11 6.9 AGM and gel technologies compared . 11 6.10 Choosing the proper plate design and specific gravity for an application . 11 7. Applying VR
42、LA batteries. 12 7.1 Sizing. 12 7.2 Parallel strings . 12 7.3 Mixing VRLA with other types of batteries 13 vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (informative) Recombination and grid corrosion reactions. 14 A.1 Oxygen recombination reaction
43、 14 A.2 Grid corrosion reaction . 14 Annex B (informative) Glossary 15 Annex C (informative) Bibliography 16 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide describes metho
44、ds for selecting the appropriate type of valve-regulated, immobilized-electrolyte, recombinant lead-acid battery for any of a variety of stationary float applications. Installation, maintenance, sizing, and consideration of battery types, other than valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, are beyond th
45、e scope of this guide. Design of the dc system and sizing of the dc battery charger(s) are also beyond the scope of this guide. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this document is to ensure that the reader is aware of all significant issues that should be considered when selecting VRLA batteries, so that th
46、e user might make an informed decision. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendm
47、ents or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 485, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications.1,2IEEE Std 1187, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Storage Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 11
48、88, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve- Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications. 1The IEEE products referred to in this clause are trademarks belonging to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 2IEEE publications
49、 are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). IEEE Std 1189-2007 IEEE Guide for Selection of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications IEEE Std 1491, IEEE Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications. 3.4.4.14.24.3Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B163should be referenced fo
