1、 IEEE Recommended Practice for Thermal Cycle Testing of Form-Wound Stator Bars and Coils for Large Rotating Machines Sponsored by the Electric Machinery Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 21 May 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual
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14、advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viParticipants At the time this IEEE
15、recommended practice was completed, the Materials Subcommittee Working Group had the following membership: Gregory Stone, Chair Richard Huber, Vice Chair Ray Bartnikas Stefano Bomben Andrew Brown Don Campbell Doug Conley Ian Culbert S. N. Fernando Nancy Frost Paul Gaberson George Gao Bal Gupta Gary
16、Heuston Aleksandra Jeremic Thomas Klamt Laurent Lamarre Gerhard Lemesch William McDermid Charles Millet Glen Mottershead Sophie Noel Jeffrey Sheaffer Meredith Stranges Joe Williams Chuck Wilson Hugh Zhu The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. B
17、alloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Michael Adams Thomas Bishop William Bloethe Stefano Bomben Steven Brockschink Andrew Brown Gustavo Brunello Weijen Chen Jerry Corkran Ian Culbert Jorge Fernandez Daher Matthew Davis Gary Donner Donald Dunn James Dymond Gary Engmann Ro
18、styslaw Fostiak Ron Greenthaler J. Travis Griffith Randall Groves Bal Gupta Gary Heuston David Horvath Richard Huber Innocent Kamwa Joseph L. Koepfinger Chung-Yiu Lam Gerhard Lemesch William Lockley Greg Luri William McBride William McCown William McDermid Don McLaren James Michalec Gary Michel G. H
19、arold Miller Charles Millet Jerry Murphy Michael S. Newman William Newman Lorraine Padden Christopher Petrola Alvaro Portillo Bartien Sayogo Jeffrey Sheaffer Gil Shultz James Smith Gary Stoedter Gregory Stone Meredith Stranges James Timperley Remi Tremblay John Vergis John Yale Hugh Zhu Copyright 20
20、12 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 29 March 2012, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past President Judith Gorman, Secretary Satish Aggarwal Masayuki Ariyoshi Peter Bal
21、ma William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Mike Seavey Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Yu Yuan *M
22、ember Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Julie Alessi IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Malia Zaman IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Develop
23、ment Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiiIntroduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1310-2012, IEEE Recommended Practice for Thermal Cycle Testing of Form-Wound Stator Bars and Coils for Large Rotating Machines. In some applications, large rotating machines are subjected to rap
24、id transitions from low power to full power, and vice versa. For example, hydrogenerators (peaking duty and pumped storage), synchronous condensers, and gas turbine generators are often raised from idle to full power in a matter of minutes, are operated at full power for hours, and are then rapidly
25、reduced to zero output. This load cycling leads to rapid temperature changes within the stator winding. As a result, an alternating shear stress develops within the ground insulation system. If the bond between the copper and the insulation is not adequate, the copper may separate from the insulatio
26、n. This results in the formation of voids between the insulation and the copper that may permit relative movement of the copper strands/turns, leading to abrasion of the insulation. Also, voids can develop between the layers of the groundwall insulation as a result of delamination. In high-voltage b
27、ars/coils, these voids can lead to partial discharges, and, under certain circumstances, to puncture of the insulation. The test procedure described in this recommended practice is intended to simulate this thermal cyclic aging mechanism under controlled conditions. To give meaningful results in a r
28、easonable time, acceleration is achieved by repeatedly applying heating and cooling cycles to the test samples without any hold time at the maximum or minimum temperatures. The test is performed on production, prototype, or similar design bars/coils that are not planned for subsequent use in a windi
29、ng since the test produces aging of the insulation. Note that this test procedure is not intended to evaluate the relative performance of the end-winding or the methods used to support the end-winding or the effects on the thermal cyclic aging mechanism, if any, caused by the methods used to support
30、 the end-winding. Other thermal cyclic aging mechanisms of abrasion of the coil by the core iron and cracking of insulation at the slot exit are not addressed. This recommend practice is not appropriate for direct liquid cooled machines since it is not likely that rapid winding temperature swings wi
31、ll occur even if the load changes rapidly. This recommended practice is not intended for direct gas cooled machines, but this may change in future revisions. This recommended practice does not apply to windings processed by the global vacuum pressure impregnation (GVPI) method. The test procedure de
32、scribed in this document is not a multifactor aging stress as described in IEC 60505, since the only accelerating factor is the rate of change of temperature. This is the first revision of this recommended practice. However, in most material respects, this test procedure is the same as described in
33、the first edition. Based on experience, some changes were made to the diagnostic tests. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. ixContents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 2 1.2 Purpose 3 2. Normative references 3 3. Definitions 5 4. Thermal cycling test description. 5 4.1 Test objects 5 4.2 Method of he
34、ating 5 4.3 Method of cooling . 6 4.4 Temperature cycle and schedule 6 5. Thermal cycling test setup 7 5.1 Quantity of bars/coils required for testing . 7 5.2 Positioning and setting up bars/coils for test . 8 5.3 Temperature criteria, measurement, and control . 10 6. Bar/coil preparation 11 7. Diag
35、nostic tests preceding and during thermal cycling 11 7.1 Electrical proof test for the groundwall insulation. 12 7.2 Dissipation factor and tip-up measurements 12 7.3 Partial discharge measurements. 12 7.4 Physical measurements 12 7.5 Tap testmechanical delamination detection . 12 7.6 Surface resist
36、ivity 13 8. Post-thermal cycle tests 13 8.1 Proof tests 13 8.2 Breakdown or voltage endurance test 14 8.3 Dissection 14 9. Preparation of test report 15 Annex A (normative) Sample calculation for estimating current rating of test supply . 16 A.1 Approximate method for calculation 16 A.2 Loss of ther
37、mal energy, practical tests 17 A.3 Test equipment 17 Annex B (informative) Decisions required by manufacturer/purchaser/testing facility 18 Annex C (informative) Bibliography. 19 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Recommended Practice for Thermal Cycle Testing of Form-Wound Stator Bars
38、and Coils for Large Rotating Machines IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and
39、 complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publica
40、tions containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview In some applications, large ro
41、tating machines are subjected to rapid transitions from low power to full power, and vice versa. For example, hydrogenerators (peaking duty and pumped storage), synchronous condensers, and gas turbine generators are often raised from idle to full power in a matter of minutes, are operated at full po
42、wer for hours, and are then rapidly reduced to zero output. This load cycling leads to rapid temperature changes within the stator winding. Increasing the machine output from no-load to full-load causes the stator current to increase from zero to full-load current. This current raises the temperatur
43、e of the stator winding copper conductors due to I2R (copper) losses. As the temperature increases, the copper will expand, especially in the axial direction. The longer the stator bar (or coil), the greater will be the total expansion of the copper. The high-voltage groundwall insulation operates a
44、t lower temperature than the copper and may have a lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, the thermally-induced expansion of the insulation is less than the copper. The difference in expansion is greater when the machine power level is rapidly changed since thermal inertia of the stator
45、iron causes the insulation temperature to lag behind the copper temperature. The difference in expansion between the insulation and the copper creates a shear stress within the insulated bar/coil. In particular, during the manufacturing process, a shear stress between the copper and the insulation o
46、f the bar/coil is formed as the bar/coil cools from its groundwall curing temperature. In general, when the bar/coil is heated, the shear stress relaxes; when it cools, the shear stress increases. If the glass IEEE Std 1310-2012 IEEE Recommended Practice for Thermal Cycle Testing of Form-Wound Stato
47、r Bars and Coils for Large Rotating Machines Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2transition temperature is exceeded during the test, this general rule may not apply. For more information, refer to B11. If the bond between the copper and the insulation is not adequate, the copper may separate
48、from the insulation. This results in the formation of voids between the insulation and the copper that may permit relative movement of the copper strands/turns, leading to abrasion of the insulation. Also, voids can develop between the layers of the groundwall insulation as a result of delamination.
49、 In high-voltage bars/coils, these voids can lead to partial discharges, and, under certain circumstances, to puncture of the insulation. The test procedure described in this recommended practice is intended to simulate this thermal cyclic aging mechanism under controlled conditions. To give meaningful results in a reasonable time, acceleration is achieved by repeatedly applying heating and cooling cycles to the test samples without any hold time at the maximum or minimum temperatures. The test is performed on production, prototype, or similar design bars/coils th
