1、IEEE Std 1484.4-2007IEEE Trial-Use Recommended Practice forDigital Rights Expression Languages (DRELs)Suitable for eLearning TechnologiesIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA14 September 2007IEEE Computer SocietySponsored by theLearning Technology Standards Committee 1484.4TMIEEE Std 1484.4
2、TM-2007IEEE Trial-Use Recommended Practice for Digital Rights Expression Languages (DRELs) Suitable for eLearning Technologies Sponsor Learning Technology Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 22 March 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Grateful acknowledgement is made to Susanne Guth,
3、 Manual Ham, John Mason, and Thomas Provert for permission to use their papers in the informative annexes of this document. Abstract: This recommended practice facilitates the creation, management and delivery of digital content for eLearning by technology that implements Digital Rights Expression L
4、anguages (DRELs). This recommended practice determines what, if any, extensions are needed so that these DRELs can meet the identified requirements. Keywords: Digital Rights Expression Language, DREL, MPEG-21, Open Digital Rights Access, Open eBook Forum, ODRL, Rights Expression Language, REL _ The
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23、ed through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1484.4-2007, IEEE Trial-Use Recommended Practice for Digital Rights Expression Languages (DRELs) Suitable for eLearning Technologies. The Digital Rights Expr
24、ession Languages Working Group (DRELs WG) of the IEEE LTSC was formally established in March 2003 at the Paris quarterly meeting of the LTSC and was initially co-chaired by Juliette Adams. This followed a series of study group meetings held throughout 2002 that investigated both DRELs and Digital Ri
25、ghts Management (DRM) in relation to the needs of learning, education, and training. With a view to constraining the problem space and minimizing stakeholder confusion, the WG developed a project proposal that focused only on DRELs. The resulting Project Authorization Request (PAR) was accepted on 1
26、4 April 2003. During the agreed work program, it became clear that the need for DRELs within education and training communities worldwide is still at an embryonic stage. However, while the sector has voiced its strong need for DRELs, it has not, as yet, identified unique requirements that current DR
27、ELs cannot satisfy. This reflects the state-of-play within the eLearning industry where learning technologies associated with pedagogy, process, and learning activities are still largely in the research and development phase. This does not mean that such requirements may not exist, but they have not
28、 been explicitly identified in this trial use recommended practice. The working group gathered a series of use cases that were submitted following the initial call for contributions issued on 2 June 2003. These use cases are detailed in Annex A. Most use cases were provided by stakeholders who have
29、not yet implemented DRM systems but who are keen to make use of them. From these use cases, the WG then extracted a number of requirements, which are included in the normative section of this document (see Clause 2). In order to align these requirements with existing rights expression languages, the
30、 WG received three language mappings, including MPEG REL, formally known as ISO/IEC 21000-5:2004; the open eBook Forum (OeBF) profile of MPEG REL; and, Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) (see Annex A, Annex B, and Annex C). Based on these mappings and reviews thereof, the working group produced a t
31、able summarizing which requirements are met by each language mapping. This trial-use recommended practice aims to provide a basis from which stakeholders within learning, education, and training can make informed decisions about their DREL needs. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and a
32、ll other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ie
33、ee/interp/ index.html. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommended practice may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken with respec
34、t to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patent
35、s that are brought to its attention. Publication of this trial-use recommended practice for comment and criticism has been approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Trial-use standards are effective for 24 months from the date of publication. Comments for revision will be ac
36、cepted for 18 months after publication. Suggestions for revision should be directed to the Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, and should be received no later than 22 February 2009. It is expected that following the 24-month period, this trial
37、-use standard, revised as necessary, shall be submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval as a full-use standard. Participants At the time this standard was completed, the working group had the following membership: Magda Mourad, Chair John Mason, Technical Editor Juliette Adams (Initial c
38、o-Chair) Leah Berkhoff Stephen Downes Rachel Ellaway Kameshwar V. Eranki Mike Fore Brad Gandee Serge Goldstein Susanne Guth Manuel Ham Tim Hand Chad Kainz Wilbert Kraan Sam Meredith Kiyoshi Nakabayashi Martha Nalebuff Florian Pestoni Harry Piccariello Thomas Probert Daniel R. Rehak Robby Robson Stev
39、e Sarapata Bernd Simon The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Satish K. Aggarwal Kerry E. Blinco Juan C. Carreon Keith Chow Tommy P. Cooper Geoffrey Darnton Thomas J. Dineen Kameshwar V. E
40、ranki Yaacov Fenster Geoffrey A. Frank Ron K. Greenthaler Randall C. Groves Shui H. Heung Rutger A. Heunks Nancy Hoebelheinrich Werner Hoelzl Dennis Horwitz Arshad Hussain Peeya Iwagoshi Robert B. Kelsey Susan K. Land Solomon Lee Yeou Song Lee William Lumpkins G. L. Luri David A. Massart Richard A.
41、McBride Michael S. Newman Claude Ostyn Vikram Punj Daniel R. Rehak Randall M. Safier Scott A. Valcourt Derek T. Woo Paul R. Work Oren Yuen vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 22 March 2007, it had the following membershi
42、p: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick
43、David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons
44、: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Jennie M. Steinhagen IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Michael D. Kipness IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview
45、.1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose.1 1.3 Special terms 1 1.4 Acronyms and abbreviations 2 2. Functional requirements for eLearning technologies 2 2.1 Attributes of the Digital Rights Expression Language 3 2.2 Aggregation and disaggregation of learning objects .3 2.3 Attribution .4 2.4 Conditional use4 2.5 T
46、racking.5 2.6 Offers.5 3. Issues 5 3.1 Requirements analysis .5 3.2 Practitioner feedback.6 Annex A (informative) Use case requirements .7 Annex B (informative) Historical background20 Annex C (informative) Mapping requirements to ODRL .27 Annex D (informative) Mapping requirements to MPEG REL 57 An
47、nex E (informative) Mapping requirements to OeBF.93 IEEE Trial-Use Recommended Practice for Digital Rights Expression Languages (DRELs) Suitable for eLearning Technologies 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice identifies digital rights (DR) requirements for eLearning technologies. These re
48、quirements should be aligned with the most widely known standards-based specifications for Digital Rights Expression Language (DREL) that are being adopted or developed by international, regional, national, and private organizations and consortia. 1.2 Purpose This recommended practice facilitates th
49、e creation, management, and delivery of digital content for eLearning by technology that implements DRELs. This recommended practice should determine what, if any, extensions are needed so that these DRELs can meet the identified requirements. 1.3 Special terms For the purposes of this recommended practice, the following special terms apply: 1.3.1 content: Any resource that can be regarded as “containing” information and is independent of its structure and presentation. 1.3.2 Digital Rights Expression Language (DREL): A language in which expressions of
