1、 IEEE Recommended Practices for Modulating Current in High-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating Health Risks to Viewers Sponsored by the Standards Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power Electronics Society IEEE Std 1789-2015 IEEE Std 1789-2015 IEEE Recommended Practices for Mo
2、dulating Current in High-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating Health Risks to Viewers Sponsor Standards Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Society Approved 26 March 2015 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This document includes a definition of the concept of modulation frequencies for light-emitting d
3、iodes (LEDs), a discussion on their applications to LED lighting, a description of LED lighting applications in which modulation frequencies pose possible health risks to users, a discussion of the dimming of LEDs by modulating the frequency of driving currents/voltage, and recommendations for modul
4、ation frequencies (flicker) for LED lighting and dimming applications to help protect against known potential adverse health effects. Keywords: flicker, headaches, health, IEEE 1789, LED lighting, migraines, modulation, perception, power electronic drivers, seizure, stroboscopic The Institute of Ele
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34、her information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Participants At the time this IEEE recommended practices document was completed, the IEEE P1789 Working Group had the following membership: Brad Lehman, Chair Michael Poplawski, Vice Cha
35、ir Howard Wolfman, Secretary Robert Altkorn David Bannister Sam Berman Anindita Bhattacharya Scott Brown Xiao Chen Pei-Ting Chou Henry S.-H. Chung Jon Connell James Dakin Montu Doshi Jiri Drapela Yuan Fu Zdenko Grajcar Steve Hayes Jiao Jianzhong Faisal Khan Susan Larson James Lazar Peng Li Yan-Fei L
36、iu Jonathan McHugh Naomi Miller David Neal Brandon Oakes Yoshi Ohno Radu Pitigoi-Aron Gene Rider Scott Riesebosch Anatoly Shteynberg Michael Shur David Sliney Jennifer A. Veitch Ingrid Vogels Arnold Wilkins Peter Wilson Liang Yan Regan Zane The following members of the individual balloting committee
37、 voted on this recommended practices document. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Robert Altkorn David Bannister Sam Berman Bill Brown Liuchen Chang Xiao Chen Henry S.-H. Chung James Dakin Sourav Dutta Randall Groves Brad Lehman Peng Li Yan-Fei Liu Homer Alan Mantooth
38、 William McBride Jonathan McHugh Naomi Miller Dorin Neacsu Charles Ngethe Michael Poplawski Gene Rider Bartien Sayogo Su Sheng Eugene Stoudenmire Jennifer A. Veitch John Vergis Ingrid Vogels Arnold Wilkins Peter Wilson Howard Wolfman Liang Yan Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiWhen the IE
39、EE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practices document on 26 March 2015, it had the following membership: John D. Kulick, Chair Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Jean-Philippe Faure J
40、 Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman Michael Janezic Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Hung Ling Andrew Myles T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Stephen J. Shellhammer Adrian P. Stephens Yatin Trivedi Phillip Winston Don Wright Yu Yuan Daidi Zhong *Member Emeritus Michelle Tur
41、ner IEEE-SA Content Production and Management Erin Spiewak IEEE-SA Technical Program Operations Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1789-2015, IEEE Recommended Practices for Modulating Current in High-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating He
42、alth Risks to Viewers. The IEEE P1789 Working Group was formed in December 2008. Prior that time, the impact of flicker in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting was not being discussed. New technologies were being developed in LED lamps that introduced high levels of flicker. Occasionally, under speci
43、al circumstances, some lamps would fail and cause flicker that could introduce seizures in the small percentage of the population that suffers from photosensitive epilepsy. One of the initial reasons to form the working group was to bring together a diverse community of experts to discuss the effect
44、s of flicker: members from the medical community, lighting community, photobiologists, electrical engineers, and many more. Without a community discussing the issue of flicker, it would not be possible for developers of LED lighting to fully understand any health effects that might be related to the
45、ir design. The intent of this document is to explain what is known about flicker in LED lighting and to provide recommended practices that can help mitigate possible adverse biological effects of light flicker, when such mitigation is desired. This document was written through the following procedur
46、e: a) Creation of an outline of topics using teleconferences and web board discussions; b) Drafting of various publications and other working documents by primary authors; c) Presentation and editing of the working documents by subcommittees composed of experts in lighting, health, and flicker; d) A
47、pproval of the working documents of the subcommittees to be presented to all members of the working group; e) Presentation of the working documents to all members of the working group by teleconferences and electronic media; f) Solicitation of comments and edits from all members of working group; g)
48、 Revision of the working documents to include member comments; h) Merging of all the working documents into this formal recommended practices document; i) Inclusion of additional material into the merged document, written by primary authors and necessary to make the recommended practices more comple
49、te; j) Obtaining of comments and edits from subcommittees on the recommended practices; k) Revision of the recommended practices document according to subcommittee comments; l) Submission of the recommended practices document for comments to all members of the working group; m) Revision of the recommended practices document according to the comments from working group members; and n) Submission of the recommended practices document for ballot, following the official IEEE standards balloting process for approval (not described here). The IEEE P1789 Working Group effort is an op
